Izici wezoMnotho kanye kwendawo Italy

Izwe itholakala maphakathi Mediterranean, eningizimu yeYurophu, kulesi sihloko unikezwa hhayi kuphela kwezomnotho futhi ngokwendawo, kodwa futhi isici zezombusazwe. Italy (Republic Italian) nge lesithathu ngobukhulu umnotho zaseYurophu libhekene isici okufana esiwuphawu njengoba ukugcwaliswa izikhumbuzo zomlando yobuciko, isiko, ubungcweti, kanti nalokhu okuzoxoxwa ngayo. Le ndawo lizwe 301.200 amakhilomitha square, okuyinto ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda amabili, zihlukaniswe, esikhundleni salokho, izifundazwe ayisishiyagalolunye nanhlanu. Futhi division akugcini lapha: kukhona namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili communes yesifundazwe e-Italy.

Imingcele komhlaba namanzi

Ngo ntshonalanga Italy imingcele France amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-488, kulandele Switzerland - 740 km, futhi umngcele Ngasenyakatho Austria - 430 amakhilomitha, kanye enyakatho-mpumalanga futhi enyakatho Slovenia - 232 km. Domestically, futhi, kukhona imingcele: Vatican (uPapa Idolobha) - amakhilomitha amathathu amamitha angamakhulu amabili ne-San Marino - 39 amakhilomitha. Izimpawu Italy lihlukile evela kwamanye amazwe amaningi, inani kwemithombo yamanzi. amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili imingcele kukhona ezilwandle - Adriatic, Ligurian, Ionian, LwaseMedithera Tyrrhenian. Ugu has a ubude 7375 amakhilomitha. Imifula eminingi, ezinkulu - Piave, Reno, Adige, Tiber, Po.

Futhi eziningi ezinhle amachibi e-Italy - lena Lake Lugano Garda, Maggiore, Brakkiano, Como, Trasimeno, Bolsena. Italy isici ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ngisho nokuphathwa kwegama yokungcebeleka futhi izivakashi izindawo, akha cishe lonke izwe. Kube sebuningini zokungcebeleka balneological ngoba bavame kuyatholakala njengoba imithombo ezishisayo - kuze kufinyelele 39 degrees Celsius, namakhaza: hydrocarbonate amaminerali, i-calcium, i-sulphur ne wokuqukethwe lelisetulu chlorine, i-iodine uxhumano lokudlulisa nosawoti okuyinto yezifo ezithile, futhi asetshenziselwa njengoba ukuphuza okugeza.

geography

Izimpawu Italy kusukela iphuzu ezindawo umbono iqala ngamadijithi okusha ezweni ithatha wonke nhlonhlo futhi ingxenye encane Balkan, eSardinia yeSisili eziningi ezincane. Kule ndawo zitholakala-Alps Wik nethafa WasePadua. Impumuzo yezwe cishe ngokuphelele sakhiwa izintaba namagquma - kuphela eyodwa nanhlanu ukuwa emathafeni.

Alps - waqopha European entabeni izinhlelo, lapho Mont Blanc - eliphakeme ngobukhulu - itholakala ezindaweni Courmayeur futhi Haute Savoie, enye ingxenye Mont Blanc isivele France. Lokhu crystal afanayo ezidumile kuyinto 4810 amamitha elula ephezulu amakhilomitha 50. Iphuzu esiphezulu Europe, ngaphandle Elbrus Dykhtau neziqongo ezembethe eziningana eCaucasus, lapho indawo ephezulu yezintaba lungaphezu amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka emihlanu nengxenye - okungukuthi isici yokuqhathanisa. Italy eNtshonalanga Yurophu kungekho izimbangi kule indawo ephezulu yezintaba. Nokho, kukhona iphuzu izivakashi umbono, umhubhe 11-ikhilomitha izimoto siphezulu ezingeni obihozhennosti, Mont Blanc nikubeke ezinhliziyweni zenu.

Isimo sezulu

Okulandelayo e-Italy Apennines uqale, akusiyo nezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu, kodwa kuthathe cishe lonke elase-Italy - amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu emhlabeni ogwini olusempumalanga ye nhlonhlo. Izimila unothile, uphayini beech amahlathi, khuhla LwaseMedithera zezikhotha phezu eneziqongo. Kukhona nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo: Stromboli, ivolkano, Etna, iVesuvius. Ngezinga elikhulu futhi izimbangela endabeni yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu entabeni: ezingxenyeni engenhla futhi phakathi - efudumele futhi ngokulinganisela, kodwa, isibonelo, eSicily akukhulume esihle.

Ubusika abubandi ezimanzi futhi izikhathi zasehlobo zishisa futhi yomile. okushisa Esiyiqhwa acishe never, izinga lokubanda ebusika besilinganiso - degrees eziyisishiyagalombili angaphezu kwezinga-qhwa. In Sicily, lenqwaba izinsuku libalele, Riviera ezahlukene evenness sezulu efudumele unyaka wonke, futhi inhlonhlo Salentina - nemvula encane kakhulu (amamilimitha angu-197 kuphela - i rate yonyaka).

uhlobo

On the Apennine nhlonhlo kukhona engaphezu kwekhulu izikhumbuzo we-UNESCO, okuyinto engcono kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye amazwe emhlabeni. Italy Ithatha enhle. izici Geographic akuzona uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke izintaba, amachibi, imifula kanye emathafeni. Nasi isimo sengqondo wemfanelo kakhulu nemvelo, amapaki kazwelonke kuphela wadala endaweni eyodwa futhi amahektha sesigidi. Amabili nanye - ezweni encane kangaka. Five amaphesenti angu Territory kuqukethwe ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni futhi ivikelwe isimo. Ngokwesibonelo, Gran Paradiso - omunye omdala zokulondolozwa - itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga, eduze komngcele isiFulentshi, futhi iyona enkulu kunazo zonke - mayelana 700 amakhilomitha square.

landscape isethi Kuyakhazimula, ngoba ukudala izinguquko ekuphakameni kusuka 800 kuya kwezingu-4.5 amamitha: kunezinguzunga - ezinzima futhi enqabela, futhi Mast emadlelweni alpine igcwele ezinemibala egqamile. Ayikho muhle kangako kodwa zonke ezinye zokulondolozwa kanye izinqolobane. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Abruzzo ngonyaka edonsela kuze kube kwesigidi izivakashi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi zindawo avikelekile. Akukhona nje kuphela izitshalo eliyingqayizivele nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, kodwa futhi izinsalela yamandulo, le yamathuna of ezehlukile ubuhle abelusi emizileni okuholela izinsalela inqaba ephakathi. Futhi-ke, i-enhle kakhulu ski emizileni izivakashi okungenani.

umnotho

EMedithera, Italy iyona isikhundla ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoba itholakala khona isikhungo yezindlela esemqoka ye amazwe aseMpumalanga Ephakathi ocebile namafutha zezimboni entshonalanga Yurophu - the potrebitelnits main lezi ingcebo. kunenzuzo kakhulu indawo kuthatha Italy.

Izimpawu izwe kuncike cishe ngokuphelele kuye njengoba amathonya ku isimo somnotho kanye sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe e-European Union, lapho ubulungu kusukela buqala. Isici esivelele sesimiso endaweni ephakeme ezifana Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi e-Italy kuzixazulule amabili abalulekile kakhulu uthi ezimele - Vatican njengoba yokuhlala lwekhanda ubuKristu iplanethi ne-San Marino, republic endala eYurophu noMthethosisekelo ka 1600.

San Marino

It iyizwe elincane futhi kakhulu uyaziqhenya - ne ukwenqena omkhulu kungaphansi yoMkhandlu WaseYurophu futhi yenza wamelana kakhulukazi ukungena European Union. Nokho, ngisho Italy lisibeka lizwe, njengoba kufanele baphile: uvinjelwe San Marino ukuvula izindlu zokugembula kanye ngisho babe TV sawo uqobo, imali kanye namasiko.

Nokho, e-Italy, le mikhawulo ngokwengxenye ngokwezimali inzuzo. AmaPilgrim ngokuvakashela izigidi Vatican, kanye izivakashi, lemali kungekho bemagange kancane ukuba San Marino i-ezikhangayo Italy ingazuzisa kakhulu obuphathekayo - engenayo zinkulu.

izinsiza

Ukuze izici kwezomnotho kanye kwendawo Italy impela, udinga ukukhomba futhi ukuqinisekisa yayo zonke izinhlobo ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, ezihlanganisa amaminerali, njengezwe ezingavamile ukwakha umnotho ngokusebenzisa ezokuvakasha eyodwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izwe izinto zokusetshenziswa namandla ukunikeza Ukuboshelwa hhayi kuphela, kodwa hhayi ngokwanele. Cishe zonke imali kwakhona elincane ivolumu kanye imali sokuthuthukiswa esingesihle. Italy ihlangabezana amandla ayo ngokwalo angu-17 kuphela.

amalahle ethile esiyitholayo ngokucijile kakhulu. Ngo Calobra, Tuscany, Umbria futhi Sardinia kukhona zamalahle lignite, kodwa emkhakheni incane. Amafutha ivuliwe Sicily, kodwa futhi elinganiselwe kakhulu, inikeza amaphesenti amabili kuphela isidingo. izici wezomnotho kanye kwendawo Italy, isibonelo, nge eJalimane, libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi izinsiza zabantu base-Italy abampofu. Kusukela Russian ngokwemvelo ukuqhathanisa ayilungile: amalahle coking ube amathani 200 bhiliyoni uhlole kuphela imali, kanye olinganise efanayo igesi, uwoyela noma iyiphi namanye amaminerali.

ambiwa phansi

Nge igesi kangcono: WasePadua plain no ukuqhubeka yayo - eshalofini we-Adriatic Sea - akhawunti cishe ngamaphesenti angu-40 adingekayo. Kutholakele kodwa athuthukile igesi yemvelo Amasimu e-Apennines futhi eSicily, kodwa sisonke ndawonye bengekho ngaphezu kwama-46 wamaphesenti ukusetshenziswa edingekayo yezwe ngalinye. Nsimbi limbiwa lapha iminyaka ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezintathu, amasheya incane kakhulu, waqhubeka amathani abangaba yizigidi ezingu-50 ku-Elbe futhi Aosta, okuyinto Yiqiniso, kakhulu, kuncane kakhulu. Incazelo emfushane Italy ngokuya izinsiza kungaba: kukhona cishe awekho imithombo.

ore Polymetallic Italy kancane acebile, futhi ekhona imikhando zinc, kuholele nesiliva, kanye ukungcola kanye nezinye izinsimbi. Abaningi kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela ezweni mercury netshe, cinnabar, okuyinto itholakala Massif mlilo Tuscany. Kukhona futhi kuyinto pyrites. Ngo Puglia - ukuthuthukiswa bauxite e Sardinia - imikhando antimony e Liguria - manganese. Into kuphela ukuthi unothile ngempela e-Italy - kuba legwadle, tuff nezezinye izimpahla zokwakha. Adume Carrara zemabula, isibonelo, eqolo. Kodwa futhi, akukona. Kwemigomo izici kwezomnotho kanye kwendawo Italy ukuqala nezokuvakasha. Futhi mhlawumbe uphela.

umkhakha

GDP-Italy e oyiyo ihlukaniswe kanje: ezolimo inikezwe amaphesenti amabili, umkhakha - 27, kanye asele ayisikhombisa plus - amasevisi, okusho ezokuvakasha. Ingxenye yomhlaba engamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-70 imithombo ekhishwe amaminerali kanye namandla angaphezu kuka-80 amaphesenti ezingenisiwe.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ekuqaleni intuthuko amandla enuzi, kodwa ngo-1988 ligcwale inhlolovo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle ukungenisa ugesi Italy ngeke basinde. Kusukela yonke umkhakha ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye athuthukile isiqoqi sama-softwe, yezimoto, imishini yezolimo kukhiqizwa. Emakethe izwe zenani ifenisha isiNtaliyane, izindwangu, Tile Ceramic. Yilokho.

ezolimo

Kwezolimo, lenqwaba amapulazi amancane (futhi ezingenanzuzo, ikakhulukazi eningizimu ye-Italy), nge endaweni isilinganiso mayelana eziyisithupha amahektha, ukuthi ngisho European Union kuyinto encane kangaka.

Khula imikhiqizo luyingxenye Mediterranean - iminqumo, iwayini, izithelo ezisawolintshi. Nqampuna, ezolimo ithatha amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-60, nemfuyo - esingaphansi amane.