Inhlokodolobha Iningi alpine zomhlaba. izwe Alpine nedolobha

Ukuphakama (kangaka okuthiwa ukuphakama ngokuphelele) - ukuphakama iphuzu surface eMhlabeni ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Lesi sici sikusiza ukuba ukukhomba isikhundla isihlobo into ukuze amamaki Imininingwane geodetic. inhlokodolobha Iningi alpine zomhlaba emazweni ahlukahlukene, ezindaweni ezahlukene zosizo, kodwa ukubaluleka engamamitha enkabeni yedolobha ivumela uhlelo inhloso ukuhlela kwabo ukuze yobukhulu.

Quito (Ecuador) - 2850 m ngaphezu kolwandle

Ukuphakama inhlokodolobha yase-Ecuador ngezinye izikhathi uphikise dolobha oluyiqiniso (kodwa hhayi ngokomthethosisekelo) waseBolivia, La Paz -. Umuzi sise engamamitha 3640 m Ngokusemthethweni it kuyinto San Francisco de Quito is the vysokoraspolozhennoy dolobha esemthethweni nezwe.

Centre, inhloko-dolobha yase-Ecuador iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi omunye umqondo eyigugu kakhulu yezakhiwo kanye zomlando. Kanye-Polish Krakow yaqale yamemezela ngo-1978, into nakumasiko olubaluleke jikelele. UNESCO Commission behlolisise ukulondolozwa ezinhle izakhiwo ehlaselwe izinguquko ezincane kusukela ekusungulweni kwezwe lomuzi 1556.

Namuhla e Quito endaweni 372 km ² bukhoma abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2,67 - kuba idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu kuleli zwe, isikhungo zangempela zezombusazwe, amasiko nezomnotho Ecuador. Kufeza indima enkulu empilweni zaleli zwekazi - eduze Quito indlunkulu we-Union of South America Nations.

Sucre (Bolivia) - 2810 m

Isikhulu (ngokomthethosisekelo) umuzi omkhulu Bolivia futhi kufanele kufakwe inhlokodolobha sezintaba eziningi zomhlaba. Nakuba ejensi ezinkulu zikahulumeni e Sucre, kwakukhona kuphela eNkantolo Ephakeme, ke ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu amadolobha kuleli lizwe. Okwesithupha labantu (acishe abe yizinkulungwane 300), kuba maphakathi uMnyango Chuquisaca.

Yaqalwa ngo-1538 ngaphansi kwegama Ciudad de la Plata, de la Nueva Toledo (Isiliva City okusha Toledo), Sucre has a ezineziyaluyalu esidlule zomlando, washintsha igama eziningana izikhathi zalo. Igama zamanje wathola e 1839 behlonipha umholi saseBolivia wamavukelambuso Antonio UJosé de Sucre, owaba umongameli wokuqala kuleli zwe.

Njengazo zonke edolobheni eziphakeme, Sucre itholakala endaweni olunothile kakhulu. Bekanye izikhumbuzo kahle walondoloza bokwakha elenza ikakhulukazi ezikhangayo izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Thimphu (butane) - 2648 m

Inhloko-dolobha ye uMbuso Bhutan, kahle phakathi kwelaseNdiya neChina, siphezulu kunamanye Kathmandu (Nepal) - inhloko-dolobha kwelinye izwe ukuze ulahleke phakathi kunezintaba eziphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni - zaseHimalaya. Isigamu ngensimu wezwe (384 000 ^km2) itholakala ngenhla 3000 m, okwesihlanu kwayo embozwe snows okuphakade kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa.

Thimphu yaba inhloko-dolobha yombuso kusukela ngo-1952, lapho sezindela Yakhiwa ngekhulu XIII, babekwa izidumbu main zomthetho esiphethe Bhutan. Namuhla kuba sokuhlala olusemthethweni ikhanda samanje isimo - King Jigme Singye Wangchuck futhi umholi wezenkolo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Je Khenpo. Enhloko-dolobha yombuso, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-100 000 izakhamuzi.

Bogota (Colombia) - 2625 m

Bogota - muzi real. Lona omunye wemizi emikhulu kakhulu kufakwe inhlokodolobha sezintaba eziningi zomhlaba futhi akekho noyedwa kulaba baholi yezwekazi i-Ningizimu Melika by indawo kanye labantu. Ngo-2015, kwakunabamemezeli abangu-abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-8.5, ngokukhula njalo isibalo izivakashi ezintsha.

Leli dolobha ku ithafa ukuthi iyingxenye enkulu Ithafa eliphakeme-Altiplano, esemgwaqweni phakathi Cordilleras. Le ndawo kubhekwa ezithandwa ukuzamazama komhlaba. Nakuba Bogota cishe zero-latitude enkabazwe, ngenxa ephakeme akukho ukushisa. Eziluzungezile bakha endaweni yemvelo ekhethekile, uhlobo eyihlanze, evumayo wezolimo.

Inhlokodolobha Colombian yasungulwa ngo-1536 ngu-umnqobi abadumile Spanish Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Laliyiziko ezinhlangano zomzabalazo wenkululeko, ke usebhekene izingxabano eziningi zangaphakathi. Bogota namuhla - isikhungo elinamandla kwezomnotho kanye kwamasiko yezwe futhi lonke izwekazi, lapho uvundile. Ukuthuthukiswa avumelanayo ingqalasizinda - umsebenzi oyinhloko ezibhekene zonke izihloko ezinkulu zomhlaba. Uhlu izinkinga emzini, nize nembathiswe muva ephethwe ubugebengu okusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa sibonga izenzo juqu we iziphathimandla, washonelwa nokucija.

Umuzi isici engavamile yonke division eNingizimu Melika ezindaweni eziningana ezahlukene isimo senhlalo nesomnotho sabantu. Izakhamuzi omakhelwane abacebile bakhokhe intela eyengeziwe ukusekela abahlala emijondolo.

Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) - 2355 m

Idolobhana, ogama lakhe kulimi omunye bezizwe - Amhara - elihunyushwe ngokuthi "imbali entsha", ufeza indima ebalulekile njengoba inhlokodolobha State we-African Union. Labantu inezinga maphesende ama-4% ngonyaka futhi cishe 3.5 million abantu.

Inhlokodolobha Ethiopia sise kweNtaba Entoto, kusukela kokuphakama 2326 m eduze Bole International Airport futhi ukuphakama kuka 3,000 m esenyakatho ingxenye. Inhlanganisela ephakeme zone enkabazwe kwenza sezulu ukhululekile, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu elisezansi izindawo Afrika.

Wasungula Addis Ababa ngo-1886 ngu-uMbusi uMenelik II endaweni lapho umkakhe wakhetha eTahiti. It bakhangwa imithombo lamanzi esiphethu, esishaya ngesikhathi kwentaba. Namuhla, idolobha uguqulwe dolobha resort ye-Afrika, lapho amahhotela Kwakhiwa, ukuyothenga nokuzijabulisa izikhungo ezingeni eliphezulu.

Asmara (Eritrea) - 2325 m

amazwe amabili alpine ngezihlahla futhi lisendaweni olulodwa - Ethiopia futhi Eritrea, isikhathi eside iyinhlangano olulodwa. Lapho uhulumeni Ethiopia ngo-1961 ezihlongozwayo ukwenza Eritrea omunye izifundazwe zalo, umzabalazo uzibuse.

Ngo-1993, ezwekazini lase-Afrika, isizwe esisha, futhi uhlu, okubhekisele engcono alpine inhloko-dolobha yezwe, ke uye wanda Asmara. labantu kulo muzi kuyinto abakhileyo 650 000.

Eritrea kwamiswa ngesisekelo izindawo ezazingaphansi amakoloni Italy e-Afrika. Ukubukeka samanje inhlokodolobha ngezindlela eziningi kwakheka-yalolucwaningo 30 XX leminyaka, lapho uMussolini wayefuna ukwenza Asmara inqaba esikhathini esizayo umbuso wamakoloni. Asmara wabizwa ngokuthi "Rome Little", futhi amagama Italian kanye namasiko ezigcinwe emzini kuze kube manje.

San (Yemen) - 2250m

Umuzi nge esinabantu abangaba ngu-2 million - ingenye yamadolobha amadala kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokusho yetinsita Kudume ukuthi yakhiwa uShemi, indodana kaNowa. Umuzi walilondoloza amagugu bokwakha Arabian kweqiniso ngomlando eyinkulungwane. Ngo-1986, idolobha azikutholi World Heritage Site eNhlangano yeziZwe. Ukulondolozwa izikhumbuzo zomlando engaphansi usongo ngenxa indawo Sana'a endaweni, okuyinto has ukubaluleka lwamasu kulo lonke lelo zwe. Ngokuvamile leli dolobha futhi isimo saleli ezimpini kwesilinganiso ezahlukene.

Kusithinta kudume kulezi zindawo yenza okuhlukile ezingavamile sezulu ehlane. Indawo eziphakemeyo zomuzi kunomthelela neqiniso lokuthi uwukwenziwa ngokulinganisela ezingaphezu kuka ezindaweni eziningi yeNhlonhlo Arabhiya. Kukhona ezingavamile njengoba ngokweqile ukushisa abandayo futhi uyakhathaza.

Mexico (Mexico) - 2240 m

Mexico esigodini, uzungezwe izintaba nokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, lafinyelela ukuphakama 5000 m, itholakala eliphakeme, ingxenye Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. At the site samanje namaphethelo kwaba nechibi elikhulu laseTexcoco. Ngokwengxenye APC, esiqhingini e 1325 eyayenziwa ama-Aztec yayakhiwe emzini Tenochtitlan, lanamuhla eMexico City.

Yakhelwe kusayithi walokho kwaba nechibi, muzi giant ngofuzo ngenxa le nkinga: ukuntuleka amanzi amanzi ageleza ehla evela ezintabeni, futhi inhlabathi okuxekethile, hhayi enikeza isisekelo esinokwethenjelwa izakhiwo. Ukulwisana umoya ongcolile amanzi, zokuvimbela inhlabathi subsidence, ukuphikisa umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba - bekusolo imisebenzi ebalulekile emzini iziphathimandla eMexico City.

Emhlabeni akukho ukuhlaliswa kwabantu lokhu ezidlula, esemgwaqweni at ukuphakama enjalo. On endaweni 1485 ^km2 inabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-8.9. Uma sikhuluma Grand eMexico, lapho engezwa imvelo elihlobene ne-Mexico City kwezomnotho kanye nezobuchwepheshe, likhuluma agglomeration ngobukhulu enkabazweni engasentshonalanga lapho kukhona elinezakhamizi ezingaba yizigidi 21.

Mexico likhona capitals ezinethonya kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Uhlu lamadolobha acebile emhlabeni, lapho weza ngaphansi inombolo lwesishiyagalombili kubonisa, ukubaluleka zaso zezombangazwe nezomnotho kanye namasiko lonke impucuko.

Amadolobha noma esesikhundleni esiphakeme

Ngokumangalisayo, kukhona inhlokodolobha, elise ngezansi kolwandle: inhloko-dolobha Azerbaijan Baku ngezansi 28 yayo m Phakathi kwalabo okungatholakala chasiselwe ezindaweni eziphakeme - Nairobi (Kenya) - 1795 m, Kabul (Afghanistan) - 1790 m, Windhoek (Namibia. ) - 1721 m, Maseru (Lesotho) - 1673 m, Kigali (Rwanda) - 1567 m, Guatemala (Guatemala) - 1529 m, Harare (Zimbabwe) - 1483 m, Kathmandu (Nepal) - 1400 m.