Izimfihlo futhi amakhono ubuchopho bomuntu. Izici Hidden zobuchopho bomuntu

Brain - eziyinkimbinkimbi kudivayisi begazi emzimbeni sakhiwa sebuningini amaseli oxhumene futhi amahlumela. Uma sicabange zonke ukuxhumana ebuchosheni njengoba umugqa owodwa, kungaba isikhathi eside izikhathi 7-8 kuka ibanga kusuka Earth the Moon. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba isitho esincane kakhulu - indoda yesimanje, isisindo saso singamakhilogremu kusuka 1020 kuya ku-1970 amagremu.

Amabili ukufohla kubalulekile

Izimfihlo futhi amakhono ubuchopho bomuntu isikhathi eside wahlala iphuzu obukhulu kubacwaningi. Kuze kube muva nje babekwazi kuphela banombono ngomsebenzi wakhe, futhi umzimba ngokwawo ukwazile ukugcina phakathi kwesidumbu kuphela. Break wokuqala omkhulu lapho odokotela bafunda ukugxilisa electrode ngqo ubuchopho. Ngesikhathi, kwaba sobala ukuthi neuron, futhi indlela yokudlulisela idatha kwi izinzwa komunye namangqamuzana ezinzwa kwenye.

Eyesibili isinyathelo esikhulu phambili lapho kwakukhona izindlela electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, positron ekushayweni tomography futhi magnitorezonanskoy sokusebenza. Benza-ke ungakwazi ' "ingaphakathi ukuziphilisa, ubuchopho ukusebenza. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela, odokotela nabacwaningi bayakwazi 'ukubona' yini izingxenye zobuchopho abakhuthele ngesikhathi sokulala, ukukhuluma, ukucabanga, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa umsebenzi isitho evamile kusukela zokugula kwakhe, ukuthola ukwephula futhi ukubeka ukuxilongwa esinembile.

Ingqondo yomuntu: izici namakhono

Lesi sitho elincane, okuyinto oluthatha% 2 kuphela mass umzimba Imininingwane, kodwa udla u-20% e-oxygen ongena umzimba. Kusukela size sibelethe ukufa, akalokothi umzuzu abayekanga nemisebenzi yabo.

Ubuchopho bomuntu, amakhono kanye okuyinto namanje aphakeme kumakhompyutha eziningi zalezi zinsuku ziyakwazi ukukhumbula izikhathi 5 inani ezingaphezu kuka iqukethwe Encyclopædia Britannica. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, ikhono lakhe ukuze anakekele kusukela terabytes 3 1,000. Akukhona cishe ofana noka manje likhona art: ekupheleni 2015 kuhlelwe ukufinyelela umthamo isamba terabytes 20.

Ngaphambili kukholakala ukuthi abantu abadala, lesi sitho awandi - izicubu kwemizwa bunjalo futhi kungaba kuphela ibulawe, sikhule njengoba umzimba omusha akakwazi. Nokho, ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, sibonga ucwaningo Elizabet Gud sobala - lonke ukuphila umzimba liyaqhubeka likhula amangqamuzana ezinzwa amasha kanye nezicubu kwemizwa.

Nokho, amathuba zobuchopho bomuntu ayigcini amangqamuzana ezinzwa amasha. Kukholakala ukuthi umzimba akakwazi lokulungisa umonakalo futhi ukulimala. Ososayensi base-Karolinska University kanye University of Lund benza ucwaningo, imiphumela okungase ziphenywe sibheke phansi imibono yesimanje ngakho. Ngokusho ucwaningo lwabo, ezindaweni ehlaselwe yisifo sohlangothi, umzimba ungakwazi "ukukhula" izinzwa elisha elalizothatha indawo lilimele.

Amandla ulwazi

Ikhono ukucubungula ulwazi kanye ziyakujabulela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo - kwesinye isakhiwo, okuyinto enegunya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezifana nokuvumelana nezimo kuholela omunye usola ukuthi kukhona okungalunga kufihlwe obuchopho bomuntu, abantu abaningi "abavamile". I-ikhono lokwamukela futhi sigcine isamba angenamkhawulo ulwazi kusuka Peak Kim noma umbono sonar kubantu efana noDaniyeli kaKishi no Ben Underwood - amabili nje izibonelo izimfihlakalo ezinjalo.

Daniel kaKishi no amaza omsindo womuntu

Ingabe kungenzeka yini ukukholelwa ukuthi umuntu uyakwazi ukugxila ukuzwa sengathi ilulwane? Lokho umuntu oyimpumputhe ngokuphelele uzokwazi ukuhamba ngaphandle umhlahlandlela, ngaphandle umhlanga, ngaphandle yesimanje technical kokuxazulula? Futhi hhayi nje ukuhamba - ukusebenzisa zabo, badlala imidlalo, ukudlala ezemidlalo, ukuhamba ngebhayisekili entabeni? Ubuchopho bomuntu, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthi kungenzeka Daniel kaKishi uyivumele kuye - he was fike of labo kahle umbono sonar, noma amaza omsindo womuntu.

Daniel ilahlekelwe lokubona esemncane kakhulu, ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, njengoba nje naye engumlingisi libe nonyaka owodwa ubudala. Ukuze uzulazule emkhathini, waqala ukusebenzisa imisindo - ulimi ukuchofoza, Echoes zazo wabuyela futhi bavunyelwe ukuba "ukubona" ezungezile. Kancane kancane ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lakhe ukuze ngingakwenza okufanayo njengoba izingane abavamile - ukudlala imidlalo, ukugibela ibhayisikili, futhi yebo, zihamba zingenamandla umhlahlandlela.

Ngenxa ukungabikho ukuzwa izimpumputhe athuthukile eziningi. Nokho, akuyona nje amahemuhemu omkhulu - Daniel kaKishi, uma mina bangase basho kanjalo, iye yasungula nokungena komoya omutjha wokuthanda ke, okuyinto eye yaba ukukwazi engqondweni omunye ezinhlanu ulahlekile. Nge ngokuchofoza ulimi sengathi uthumela umsindo emkhathini futhi ebuya ne ukunkenketha uyakwazi 'ababona' sezwe, ibanga tintfo, isimo sabo kanye neminye imininingwane. Nokho, uDaniyeli kaKishi abugcinanga - edala inhlangano Yezwe Finyelela for the Blind futhi ngenkuthalo lifundisa sonar umbono nezinye izingane izimpumputhe kanye nabantu abadala.

Omunye abanamakhono kakhulu abafundi bakhe - Ben Andervud, ngubani ngenxa yomdlavuza kokubili amehlo isuswe eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni emithathu. Ngaphandle kwakhe, imiphumela Amazing ubonise abanye abafundi kaKishi - Lucas Murray Brian Bushvey. Lokhu kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi kunokuba ngokugcwele uhlole ubuchopho bomuntu, izici kanye amathuba hamba ngalé amakhono ukuthi abantu abaningi ngokwanele ukuphila kwansuku zonke.

Ngokusho imibono yososayensi, e inqubo amaza omsindo kuhilela labo izingxenye zobuchopho, okuyinto abantu ababonayo banesibopho ekuguquleni amasignali iso. Endabeni izimpumputhe, bamane "ayeshintshe". Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi umbono sonar akuyona into eyingqayizivele - njengekhono lokuthola athuthukiswe ngokuphelele nje, kukhona mayelana 5% wabantu. Futhi kungenzeka ukubafundisa, nempumputhe kanye ababonayo.

Umncintiswano wokuthola ayizikhondlakhondla

Ngaphandle oweta professional kanye Ukubamba Ngekhanda, ambalwa bangakhumbula amabili ezingahlobene nomunye amazwi ilandelana. A amazwi ambalwa emizuzwini engu-15? Amathuba ezibonakala Amazing ubuchopho bomuntu - into evamile ebhekisela abahlanganyeli ku inkumbulo ubuqhawe nezwe, okuyinto ubutha eziningi zabantu minyaka yonke.

Abahlanganyeli izenzakalo ezinjalo usebenzisa ngekhanda - iqoqo amasu lahlukene lasetjentiswako ngekhanda, okuvumela ukuba ukuthuthukisa amakhono ezivamile ubuchopho bomuntu ukugcina yiluphi uhlobo ulwazi, futhi cishe bonke ubukhulu.

Laba bantu ukuncintisana ukuze ngekhanda inani elikhulu ubuso kanye namagama, izinamba, izithombe abstract, amakhadi amagama okungahleliwe okwesikhathi esilinganiselwe, isibonelo, udinga ukukhumbula kulokho oda weza emizuzwini engu-15 izithombe abstract. Noma njengoba zingaki izinombolo okungahleliwe ngaphansi kwehora. Phakathi Champions walo mdlalo engavamile - Dominic O'Brien, Saymon Raynhard, Johannes Mallow futhi Jonas von Essen.

Iningi Amaqhawe wathola nekhono elinjalo zokuvivinya umzimba njalo - liyasiqinisekisa Ben Pridman, iqhawe emithathu isikhathi ngesiyalo zezwe, lokhu ingafinyelela ngamunye. Nokho, ingqondo enjalo sverhvozmozhnosti womuntu kukhona azalwa naso - ngokwesibonelo, mnemonist S. V Shereshevskogo futhi American Kim Peak.

Kim Masinya noSolomoni Shereshevskiy

USolomoni Shereshevskiy waba ngaphansi ngokwengqondo observation A. Lurie, lapho ngineminyaka engu-ngempela insizwa - nayo yonke inkumbulo yakhe kwaba lokukwazi, ngaphandle ukuqeqeshwa. indlela yaKhe "ukongiwa" ulwazi kufana amasu ngekhanda eyaziwa namuhla. It is enikeza umbono wokuthi inani lememori it is ayikho into engavimba. inkinga yayo yaba ukufunda ukukhohlwa.

Indoda yayiphethe synesthesia okuthiwa. Ngo lonke SV Shereshevskiy wahlala ezivamile ngempela. Hhayi isimo uKim Peak - wazalwa nge izifo ezithile, okuyinto Nokho, bebodwa akufanele amenze noma ubuhlakani noma isiguli. Nokho, ezinyangeni 16, ingane bafunda ukuzifundela, iminyaka emithathu yingcweti amaphephandaba, eziyisikhombisa wafunda iBhayibheli ngekhanda. Nice ukuchaza izici ubuchopho bomuntu yencwadi Deniela Tammeta (okuyinto kuyafana Kim Masinya, "yenhlobo ye Savant", kodwa kakhulu kangakanani nabantu, futhi, ngokungafani abanye, bangachazela kanjani ncamashi owenza izibalo).

Kim Masinya wayecabanga amabalazwe emadolobheni aseMelika, amakhulukhulu imisebenzi umculo classic, ukukhumbula izinkulungwane tincwadzi letifundvwe. Konke lokhu kwaba nje "isisindo efile" - wayekuqonda Imininingwane kumemori Imininingwane yayo ongalichaza futhi ulisebenzise.

Ngo-2002, eqala ukudlala upiyano, nokuveza eziningi imisebenzi ngekhanda. Nguye owaphefumulela Barry Levinson lift wenza ifilimu adumile "Imvula yomuntu."

I izenzakalo of isayensi

Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu kwenzeka eziningi izinto okunzima ukukuchaza isayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amacala ukuthi ngokoqobo kwenza ososayensi banomuzwa wokuthi ubuchopho bomuntu neze nomkhawulo kungenzeka imibono yesimanje ngakho.

Indoda isigamu ingqondo

Eminyakeni 14, Carlos Rodriguez wahileleka engozini yemoto: imoto eqhuba ngayo ishayisa isigxobo, wandizisa ngokusebenzisa somoya futhi "lawela" ekhanda. Ngenxa yalokho, ngemuva kokuhlinzwa walahlekelwa cishe 60% zobuchopho. Into eyangimangaza kunazo zonke - yokuthi Rodriguez usaphila. Manje useneminyaka engu-eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu ikota, futhi liyaqhubeka ukuphila ukuphila okuvamile.

Nakuba imithi seyenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho kwaba ngesikhathi Phineas Gage, nomonakalo onjalo namanje kubhekwa ukuba yinto engathí sina kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthiwa lokhu ngaphandle ubuchopho, zonke izingxenye zawo, indoda abakwazi ukuphila noma impilo efana "zemifino".

Rodriguez, Gage kanye nabanye abantu abaningi abaye babhekana balimale kanzima ukulahlekelwa ingxenye yobuchopho ukukhombisa ukuthi imibono zamanje nemibono namanje okungalungile.

Fineas Geydzh: "Indoda nge imbobo ikhanda"

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XIX kwakukhona icala ukuthi ongakabi ngakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi ososayensi nodokotela: Umakhi Fineas Geydzh ngasinda, esethole isilonda esindayo futhi ngalahlekelwa ingxenye yobuchopho ngemva Scrap Metal uye Ithungelwe ikhanda lakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, Gage eneminyaka engu-25.

Phina langena ngezansi iso kwesokunxele waphuma umzimba, flying elingamamitha ambalwa, kokushiya Umakhi abasha ngaphandle ingxenye ezinhle ubuchopho. Nokho, akazange afe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, maduze ephaphama wabe esephuthunyiswa udokotela esibhedlela esiseduze. Udokotela wabopha futhi bahlanza isilonda kusukela eziyingozi - kwaba konke imithi ayengawunikela ngaleso sikhathi. Abantu babeqiniseka ukuthi Fineas Geydzh uyafa.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ke uye wazakhela isifo esibangelwe igciwane, kanye isikhunta lakhula. Nokho, ngemva 10 amasonto isiguli useluleme - waligcina imemori, unembeza wabo uhlanzekile futhi amakhono abo professional. Fineas Geydzh wafa ngo-1860, futhi lokhu kwenzeka yesiteleka asitholanga incazelo ecacile.

phenomenon Tsiperovich

Nokho, lezi zimo - hhayi ngendlela emangalisa kunazo zonke. Iyisici olukhombisa ngisho amakhono amangalisayo ngaphezulu ubuchopho bomuntu - into Tseperovicha. Yakov Tseperovich - umuntu ongasho eminyakeni engaphezu kuka amathathu, akusho ukulala, udla okuncane futhi ngokuphelele akukho ukuguga. Kubonakala Isikhathi sebeyekile ngaye - futhi manje libukeka nje izithombe 70s.

Umlando waleli muntu waqala ngo-1979 - emva ubuthi oluqinile, sisesimweni sokufa yomtholampilo, bese awela equlekile. Ukuza aphume ngemva kwesonto, James wathola ukuthi wayengeke akwazi ukubashumayeza ukulala - ngisho nokulala ngenxa yobuncane flat akazange aphumelele ukubuyisana nomkakhe. Odokotela bahluleka ukuchaza noma ukushintsha lokhu isimo - eminyakeni embalwa kuphela, ukwenza i-yoga nokuzindla, Tseperovich wafunda ukuthatha kafushane evundlile, kodwa hhayi ukulala, futhi oseqala ukuzumeka.

Ngaphambi kunjalo UJakobe wayeseshaywa ovamile - wayemthanda ukulwa, isiphuzo, ngasebenza ngogesi. Ngemva waba nesithakazelo isiko empumalanga, ithuthukiswe ohlelweni lwaso umzimba. Eminyakeni yamuva, ohlala eJalimane.

Ngingakwazi yini ukufunda ukuze supernormal

ososayensi Akukhona nje, odokotela, futhi abantu 'abavamile' nakho nesithakazelo amathuba ubuchopho bomuntu - a documentary ngu-BBC, Ukutholwa, izindaba ezinye iziteshi ze-TV ne ifilimu nabasebenza zihlale izibukeli.

Zonke izinhlobo trainings okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukiswa siqu, noma ezinye zezici zawo, liyasetshenziswa ethandwa kakhudlwana. Iyathinteka futhi ngempela ababezibheka futhi okungagunyaziwe olusemthethweni isayensi zokundisa kusukela Vyacheslav Bronnikov noma Mirzakarim Norbekova.

Ukuthandwa omkhulu izindlela ezihlukahlukene esisebenzayo Psychology fiefdoms. Ngokwesibonelo, iphrojekthi futhi ukuthuthukisa ikhono lobuchopho lokugcina abantu -. "Izindawo 5" Lapha, ngokungafani, isibonelo, indlela Bronnikov, kuba bendabuko kakhulu futhi silingana imfundiso yokuziphendukela Psychology amabhodi yesimanje.

Kungenzeka ukuthi okunye ososayensi ucwaningo kanye zifakazela iqiniso lokuthi umbono okunye, futhi ikhono ukwelapha lesi sifo ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe ayo esimanje yezokwelapha, isenzo elula yentando, nabanye ezibhekwa ngenkathi amakhono kwemvelo. Enye into icacile - Ngokuzayo silindele eziningi ethakazelisayo.