Uyini ukucabanga? Incazelo. Kanjani ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga: igxathu negxathu Umhlahlandlela

Ingxenye ebalulekile ekuphileni kwabantu mkhulu indlela yokucabanga. Definition of umqondo wanikezwa ezikhathini zasendulo. Lo mbuzo ososayensi nesithakazelo ongqondongqondo sonke isikhathi. Futhi lesi simo akuyona ngokuphelele wafunda kuze kube manje.

umcabango cwaningo Umlando

Ngazo zonke izikhathi, ososayensi abanesifiso lo mkhuba ukucabanga. Incazelo yaleli umqondo wanikezwa emuva ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngokukhethekile sakhokhwa ukwazi okushiwo izenzakalo ongabonakali. Isazi sefilosofi Parmenides waba ngowokuqala owavusa inkinga. Lokho abantu ukweleta kuye ukubukeka imiqondo ezifana iqiniso futhi umbono.

Little ehlukile kubhekwe umbuzo uPlato. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ukucabanga - kuveza inhlangano cosmic ukuthi anazo omphefumulo womuntu ukuze abone yonke emzimbeni yasemhlabeni. Wayekholelwa ukuthi bekungelona umsebenzi wokudala nokukhiqizwa efuna "khumbula" ulwazi okwakukade 'lilitshalwe'. Naphezu agumenti kunalokho kumnandi, okungukuthi UPlato ikhredithi ekutadisheni imiqondo ezifana umuzwa.

Aristotle wanikeza ukuchaza ngokugcwele iqiniso ukuthi lolu hlobo lokucabanga. Ukunqunywa kufakwe izigaba ezifana ukwahlulela nokucabangisisa. Isazi sefilosofi athuthukile lonke isayensi - logic. Ngemva kwalokho, lezi zincwadi ezibizwa ngokuthi "umshini ecabanga" yadalwa ngesisekelo nocwaningo lwakhe Raymond Lully.

Descartes waqonda yokucabanga njengeqembu isigaba ngokomoya, futhi indlela eyinhloko ulwazi kubhekwa ehlelekile ngemibuzo. Spinoza yena, wayekholelwa ukuthi imodi ngokomzimba yesenzo. sokunconywa main Kant kwakungu division of umcabango ku zokwenziwa kohlaziyo.

Ukucabanga: yencazelo

Izinqubo ezenzeka ubuchopho bomuntu, njalo kwavusa isithakazelo esijulile. Ngakho-ke, kunezinkolelo-mbono eziningi mayelana Hlobo luni lokucabanga olukhuthazwa. Ukunqunywa kusikisela okulandelayo: lokhu umsebenzi engqondweni yethu, okuyinto eyenziwa indoda. Lena yindlela enomusa ukuqonda futhi ibonisa ngokoqobo.

Umphumela eyinhloko yomsebenzi yengqondo - kuwukuthi umbono (kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ngesimo ukuqwashisa, imiqondo, imibono noma nezinye izinhlobo). Akufanele ukudida le nqubo nge lokujabulela. Ukucabanga, ngokososayensi, okungokukaNkulunkulu kuphela kumuntu, kepha Imibono umqondo futhi babe izilwane kanye amafomu ephansi zokuphila inhlangano.

Kuyaphawuleka eziningi izici zayo agcwele ukucabanga. Incazelo leli gama ukunika ilungelo lokukhuluma mayelana lokuthi inikeza ulwazi mayelana labo izenzakalo ayikwazi ziqondakala abaxhumane nathi ngqo. Ngakho, kukhona ubuhlobo yokucabanga ngamakhono kohlaziyo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ikhono womuntu ukucabanga kuboniswa kancane kancane, ne ekuthuthukiseni abantu. Ngakho, lapho Ulwazi lomuntu kwezinkambiso ulimi, ikakhulukazi imvelo kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo, uqala ukuthatha ku amafomu lesisha nenshokutsi ezijulile.

izimpawu yokucabanga

Ukucabanga enezinto eziningi izici belinganisa. The main yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Le nqubo ivumela kuncike ukugxila ekuxhumaneni imikhakha eyahlukene futhi ukuqonda okushiwo ngamunye mkhuba esithile;
• ke kuphakama ngesisekelo ekhona ulwazi theory, kanye isenzo okwenzile ngokudlule;
• senqubo yokucabanga evamile njalo lusekelwe ekwazini ayisisekelo;
• njengoba eba ukucabanga ungaya kude lé inqubo esikhona nemibono mayelana izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene.

imisebenzi yengqondo Eziyisisekelo

Incazelo yegama elithi "ecabanga" Uma unganakile akazivezi lonke uhlobo inqubo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono nencazelo yalo, kubalulekile ukufunda imisebenzi eyisisekelo, okuyinto zembula okushiwo elithi:

• Ukuhlaziya - ukwehlukana into lafundvwako tincenye;
• zamagama - ukuhlonza bokuhlangana nokuxhumana ubunye izingxenye ahlukaniswe;
• ukuqhathanisa - ekukhombeni izimfanelo ezifanayo futhi ezahlukene lezinto;
• Ukwahlukanisa - Ukukhomba izici eziyinhloko nge yokwenza iqembu okwengeziwe ngaye;
• sebhithi - ukukhethwa isigaba esithile se-mass isiyonke;
• nje okungaqondile - inyunyana lezinto kanye izenzakalo eqenjini;
• Abstraction - ekutadisheni nobe esifundvweni lesitsite, kungakhathaliseki abanye.

ukucabanga izici

Ukucabanga indlela ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezithinta izici ezibalulekile, okuyinto akhiwa phakathi nenkambo yokuphila komuntu. Uzinake amaphuzu abalulekile:

• ubukhulu kazwelonke - lena sengqondo namasiko aqondene ngokomlando kwaba esivela kubantu abahlala endaweni ethile;
• kwezinkambiso kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe - ezakhiwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi umphakathi;
• izithakazelo siqu - factor subjective ukuthi bekwazi ukuthonya isinqumo sokugcina imibuzo inkinga.

nendlela abacabanga ngayo

Njengoba sekushiwo, ngisho endulo lo mqondo kwachazwa. Izinhlobo ukucabanga ngale ndlela:

• abstract - kuhilela ukusetshenziswa uhlamvu associative;
• okunengqondo - usebenzisa esungulwe design imiqondo kanye ezivamile;
• logic abstract - ihlanganisa manipulation izimpawu imiklamo okujwayelekile;
• etshiyeneyo - ukucinga kontanga izimpendulo eziningi umbuzo ofanayo;
• Convergent - ivumela eyodwa kuphela indlela elungile yokuxazulula le nkinga kuphela;
• esisebenzayo - sihilela ukukhiqizwa imigomo, izinhlelo kanye ubuchule obuphezulu;
• theory - kuhilela umsebenzi engqondweni yethu;
• zokudala - ihlose ukwakha "umkhiqizo" omusha;
• ezibucayi - sokuqinisekisa sedatha etholakalayo;
• lwezendawo - ekutadisheni into ezihlukahlukene uthi futhi izakhiwo;
• enembile - inqubo kudlula ngokushesha ukuze ukungabi bobunjwa kahle ichazwe.

izigaba ukucabanga

Abacwaningi sinake ukucabanga asebenzayo futhi iyaguquka. Njengoba sazi ukuthi injongo yayo eyinhloko ukuxazulula izinkinga, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezilandelayo esemqoka:

• ukuqaphela yenkinga (umphumela ukugeleza ulwazi kusetshenzwe isikhathi esithile);
• izixazululo kungenzeka nokuthuthukisa imibono eyayisinesikhathi kwenye indawo;
• ukuhlolwa olunzulu imicabango for ukusebenza kwabo umkhuba;
• ikhambi lenkinga kuzibonakalisa ukuthola impendulo inkinga eziyinkinga bese kokulilungisa emqondweni.

emazingeni laphakeme ekucabanga

Icacisa ezingeni yokucabanga okokuqala unesithakazelo Beck Aroni, okuyinto ngokufanelekile njengezidalwa ezingaphezu kwabantu, uyise kwengqondo engqondweni yethu. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ezingeni ngaquleka, abantu uphathe izinkolelo izikimu kusungulwa. Ngokuqondene nalokhu kukhona la emazingeni laphakeme ekucabanga:

• imicabango okungahleliwe ukuthi kukhona phezu ngiqaphele (ba kulula ukubona nokulawula);
• imicabango othomathikhi - kungcono ezinye eyeqisayo eziye esezinzile umphakathi futhi umqondo womuntu (ezimweni eziningi, basuke inqubo imfundo nokuqeqeshwa wabeka);
• izinkolelo engqondweni yethu - olusungulwe eziyinkimbinkimbi nelezifunda ezenzeka ngezinga equlekile (zinzima ukushintsha).

mentation

Ukuchaza inqubo yokucabanga ethi isethi yezenzo ngawo umuntu enquma yalezi nezinye puzzle logic. Umphumela ayathola ulwazi ngokuyinhloko entsha. Kulesi sigaba kukhona izici ezilandelayo:

• le nqubo engaqondile;
• ngokusekelwe olwazini nasekuqondeni atholwe ngaphambili;
• It kuncike kakhulu nokucabanga imvelo, kodwa akugcini ke;
• Ukuxhumana phakathi imikhakha ehlukahlukene ziyabonakala ngefomu ngamazwi;
• It has ukubaluleka esisebenzayo.

izimfanelo kwengqondo

Icacisa ezingeni yokucabanga it is ongenakuzihlukanisa kuya izimfanelo ezithile engqondweni. Lezi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• ukuzimela - ikhono lokusungula imiqondo yasekuqaleni nemicabango, ngaphandle kosizo kwabanye, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izikimu ejwayelekile futhi singanqotshwa ithonya ngaphandle;
• ilukuluku - sokuhlinzeka ulwazi olusha;
• isivinini - isikhathi ukuthi kudlula kusukela ngesikhathi ukuqwashisa inkinga kuze isizukulwane izixazululo sokugcina;
• latitude - ikhono lokusebenzisa ukuxazulula inkinga efanayo ulwazi ezivela emikhakheni ehlukene;
• simultaneity - ikhono ukubheka inkinga ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi ukukhiqiza indlela okudingeka bashintshashintshe ngayo ukuxazulula;
• Ukujula - iyona degree kobunikazi ngesihloko lesitsite, kanye nokuqonda isimo (izindlela ukuqonda izimbangela izenzakalo ezithile, kanye nekhono babikezele simo eyengeziwe);
• Ukuvumelana nezimo - ikhono acabangele izimo ezithile lapho kunenkinga, wahlukana amaphethini evamile futhi algorithm;
• ukungaguquguquki - ukusungula ukulandelana ngqo yezenzo ekuxazululeni izinkinga;
• criticality - Ukuthanda ukuze adalule ukuhlolwa ezijulile ngayinye imibono abasafufusa.

Yiziphi izindlela sokunquma ezingeni yokucabanga laziwe?

Abacwaningi waphawula ukuthi ukucabanga izinqubo zenzeka kubantu ezahlukene ehlukile. Kule ndaba kukhona isidingo lo msebenzi, njengoba incazelo ukucabanga okunengqondo ezingeni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isihloko senkulumo eziningi izindlela. Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:

• "Amazwi 20" - ukuhlolwa esisiza ukuhlonza ikhono lomuntu ukukhumbula.
• "Anagrams" - inqubo ukuthi luhlose ukucacisa ikhono ukucabanga combinatorial. Futhi, ukuhlola kwembula Ukuthanda nezokuxhumana.
• "Thola izici ezibalulekile" - indlela ukuzimisela ukucabanga, esiklanyelwe ukuhlonza ikhono womuntu ukuhlukanisa imihlola zamabanga aphansi naphezulu.
• "Ngekhanda amagama" - inquma kangakanani ukuthuthukiswa ikhono elihlobene ne ukugcina nokukhiqizwa ulwazi. Futhi ukuhlola ukuhlola inkumbulo wombuso kanye lokuhlushwa bantu abagula ngokomqondo.
• "Ubudlelwano ambalwa" - ukuhlolwa ezingeni yokucabanga okunengqondo e intsha kanye nabantu abadala. Waphetha ngesisekelo isinqumo 18 imisebenzi.
• "Cube Link" - inqubo ukuthi ihlose uhlonze umuntu amakhono akhethekile (observation, ukuthambekela ukuhlaziya, iyakwazi amaphethini, njll ...). Ngokuxazulula izinkinga kwesakhiwo sikwazi ukuhlola sezingeni ukukhalipha kwabantu.
• "Ukwakhiwa kocingo" - ukuhlolwa ezingeni yentuthuko ukucabanga. Lembula kahle indlela examinee uyaqonda umgomo oyinhloko we ulandela eduze kangakanani imiyalo. Izinto sokunquma nazo kubhekwe ijubane kanye nokudidiyela.

Kanjani ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga: igxathu negxathu Umhlahlandlela

Uma yokuhlola ukuze kutholakale izinga yokucabanga kwabonisa imiphumela abanelisi, musa nje ithawula. Ukuthuthukisa lesi umthamo kungaba kanje:

• ubhale phansi imibono yakho kanye Yiqiniso yokuxazulula le nkinga (lokhu kuvumela ukuba usebenzise ngaphezu ubuchopho);
• uqaphele umdlalo okunengqondo (isibonelo esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu chess);
• uthenga amaphakethe ambalwa nge crossword puzzle noma ukuxazulula nabo abanikela ngesikhathi sabo mahhala zonke;
• ukwenza kusebenze umsebenzi ubuchopho edingekayo iphethini igebe (kungase kube noshintsho olusheshayo esimeni imodi kosuku, indlela entsha ukwenza imisebenzi evamile);
• umsebenzi (kangcono makudle ukudansa, njengoba baphoqekile ukuba njalo cabanga futhi khumbula iphethini traffic);
• Zibandakanye zobuciko eyokusiza ukuthola letisha isethulo imibono yabo;
• Thola ubuchopho bakho ukuba bafunde ulwazi olusha (kungenzeka ukuqala ukufunda olunye ulimi, buka documentary, kuqala ukufunda i-encyclopedia, njll ...);
• indlela ekuxazululeni izinkinga ngendlela ehlelekile kunokuba nemiyalezo (le nqubo ihlanganisa esungula lwezinyathelo - kusuka ukuqwashisa inkinga ngaphambi kokuba bafike isinqumo sokugcina);
• Ungakhohlwa mayelana ukuphumula, ngoba ubuchopho ukusebenza kakhulu kahle, kufanele inikezwe isikhathi sokusukuma.

Kucabanga Psychology

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le mqondo kakhulu ngenkuthalo wafunda kwengqondo. Definition of ukucabanga ilula: iqoqo izinqubo umsebenzi engqondo eziyimbangela yokuhlupheka umsebenzi engqondweni yethu. Nge imikhakha umhlobo eside ezifana ukunakwa, inhlangano, bezibona, ukwahlulela, nabanye. Kukholakala ukuthi ukucabanga - lokhu ingenye imisebenzi esiphezulu psyche womuntu. Lubonakala njengenhlangano kuveza ongaqondile ngokoqobo ifomu generalized. Ingqikithi yalo nqubo ukuhlonza umnyombo walokho izinto kanye izenzakalo, futhi ukusungula ubudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwabo.