Izinguquko ovulekile ka-Alexander 1 (kafushane). Izinguquko ka-Alexander 1: Ithebula

Phakathi neminyaka engu-wokubusa lo mbusi omusha ke kwenziwa ngempela izinguquko eziningana ayakhelwe ukushintsha uhlelo lokuphathwa, ukuthuthukisa imfundo ukuphila kwabantu iyonke. Kwakumelwe ngempumelelo kancane futhi baba nendima ebalulekile ekukhuliseni izinga yamasiko isizwe. Izinguquko ka-Alexander 1 Kubekwa kafishane ezichazwe kulesi sihloko.

Alexander 1 Board

Emlandweni Russia, kanye nezinye izifundazwe eziningi, ngokuvamile umbusi omusha ethathe ubukhosi ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge wezingobe udala, iziza, ngisho nokufa. UMbusi uPawulu 1, indodana uCatherine Omkhulu noPetru Fedorovich (owayeneminyaka umzukulu Petru 1), wabulawa 1801 uzungu. Kube umbuso nokuthi wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi Alexander, eyaba ngu-Alexander 1. kufika ekuhlaleni kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi entsha kwakusenethemba ukunakekelwa izindlela despotic ukuthi abangu kujayezwe force egcwele phakathi nokubusa uPawulu 1. Izinguquko ovulekile ka-Alexander 1, kafushane kuchaziwe ethebuleni, akuzona zonke okubangelwa ukwesekwa. Okuningi kule - ku.

Izinguquko ka-Alexander 1 - isifinyezo

Ukuze ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 abangu libhekene autocratic uhlelo izinduna kanye search for indlela entsha ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe kanye nezenhlalakahle. Alexander waya isimo 1 ku eziyinkimbinkimbi njengoba isimo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Lapho befika kule ndawo yesihlalo sobukhosi yena waqeda Imfihlo Office wasenqabela sokuhlushwa kuhlawuliswa (ngoba izikhulu futhi abathengisi). It nayo eyakhululwa iziboshwa eziningi ese-inqaba uPetru noPawulu.

Uma sikhuluma kabusha kuka-Alexander 1 Kafushane, kusukela ekuqaleni kokubusa amathemba eside elindelwe senalungisiswa - Russia wabona imizamo ovulekile. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwakheka Private iKomidi, ogama mission - sokuxoxa ngezinkinga ngokucindezela zokuphila zabantu baseRussia, maphakathi okuyinto - the serfdom, ukusabalala imfundo, ekuguqulweni kohulumeni. Ngokwe umyalo wombusi, kukhona yentuthuko yomklamo ku ukuqedwa ka serfdom, kodwa ngempela isinyathelo eziphikisana nalezi izinhloso.

Izinguquko ka-Alexander 1 kafushane - ithebula

Lena izinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ka-Alexander 1 kafushane. Ithebula yakhiwa main ingxenye yalo. ubuntu Ekhumbulekayo esikhathini wokubusa kuka-Alexander 1 baba Speransky. Nokho, lowo msebenzi wakhe wokwakha mayelana nekuhlelwa kabusha isimo ukuthi kwakuyoba kakhulu angashintsha isimo ukuphila - okungukuthi, ukuheha umphakathi ekubuseni izwe, akakuthandanga umbusi kanye eziqongweni yokubusa. Ngo 1812 Speransky elindelwe ukususwa kusuka okuthunyelwe kwabo kanye isixhumanisi. Akhuluma ngokuzokwenzeka izinguquko ka-Alexander 1 kafushane, liphinde Kuhle kokusho ukuthi babengakwazi uzimisele ukuvumela ushintsho olukhulu yokuphila.

Izinguquko kwezemfundo

Kusukela 20s kwekhulu le-19 iqala isinyathelo olukhulu maqondana nezikhungo zemfundo. Ukuze 1821 libhujiswe ngaphambili amayunivesithi - Kazan, eMoscow. UProfesa sehlele phezu yokuxoshwa futhi inkantolo. Umi 1817, uMnyango Wezenkolo elawulwa zonke izikhungo lwemfundo noqeqesho. Imvume yokungenisa izincwadi kanye kudalwa ukuphrinta uye zafaka umfutho ekuthuthukiseni imfundo.

Isinyathelo esibalulekile kwaba izinguquko ezikhonzayo ka-Aleksandru 1. Isifinyezo: ngokwakha izidumbu emaphakathi ukuphathwa uvele ngokuqinile ilawulwe iketango okuyiwona babevamile indoda umthetho. Esikhundleni emihlanganweni collective kwafika izikhonzi, ngamunye okuyinto kuncike futhi balandise imisebenzi yayo phambi kweSigele. Kwaba ngomzamo kabusha wonke elawula uhlelo. Lesi isilinganiso kade ulokhu usebenza ngokwengxenye - ukulawula central kwaqinisa, kodwa ubunjalo abahahayo yomuntu lithathe. ngokukhwabanisa Reappeared, ukungabi wemfanelo izikhulu ukuphathwa, ukufumbathisa. imikhuba emibi abantu sidilizwa bathole bona izindima nokuphelele esimisweni esisha.

nemizana lempi

Ngo 1816, u-Alexander 1 necebo indlela lapho ukunciphisa imfucuza uya ibutho - imizana lempi. Abantu kulezi nemizana kwadingeka ukuba kanyekanye ebusosheni, futhi sihlakulele ezweni. Lena kwakuyindawo ekahle ngokushesha - ezweni izifundazwe eziphethwe uhulumeni ka Mogilev, Novgorod, Petersburg laseKharkov. Uma sichaza izinguquko ibutho lika-Alexander 1 kafushane, kungashiwo ukuthi isikhundla yebutho sawohloka.

ukubaluleka yezinguquko

Phakathi nokubusa kuka-Alexander 1, izinyathelo zokuqala athathwa maqondana kabusha uhulumeni, kodwa ayehlukile emanqikanqika. Nokho, ngenxa kwekuhlela kabusha emfundweni kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka izinguquko ezenzeka esikhathini isigamu kwekhulu le-19 yesibili futhi kufakwe umlando ngokuthi "kwekuhlela kabusha okukhulu". Thuthukisa ezingeni yamasiko umphakathi, isibalo sabantu abafundile kuleli zwe ngubani baqonde indlela izinguquko ezidingekayo.

Ungakwazi ukuchaza izinguquko isimo Alexander 1 ifingqa kanje - lizwe has inombolo enkulu izinhlangano kanye umbusi omusha isinyathelo ngaphezulu ucabangisisa kuneyokuqala. Izinjongo ezimbili bezingelwa nombusi eseduze yakhe - sebezame nokulinganisa isigaba emehlweni umthetho, wafuna hlanganani nabo ubambisane. Nokho isikhathi esinzima, okuyinto eyabangela empini kanye nezinguquko kule isakhiwo sepolitiki, acindezele nesimo esingokwezimali ezweni lonke, okwakuhilela yena, sabonakala inani okubafaneleyo, ucela abantu. Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ube muhle isimo wethula imithetho emisha ukuthi kwehliswe inhlalakahle yabantu abavamile.

Ekupheleni kokubusa

Alexander 1 wayeqaphela kahle ukuthi Ukunganeliseki phansi ezombusazwe ikhula, futhi aliholeli wayefisa isimo ngokushesha. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iqala ashisise futhi imvelo ngamazwe. UMbusi ihamba kude izindaba nokukhathazeka yezwe, ngaso sonke isikhathi esengeziwe sokwenza abajikelezayo. Ushonele 48 ngonyaka th zokuphila eTaganrog sisohambweni.