Izinhlobo uphahla design (isithombe). Izinhlobo ophahleni gable. Izinhlobo ophahleni lwezindlu ayimfihlo elisophahleni

Izinhlobo uphahla ezakhiweni likalwa ezingeni esiteji ukuklama indlu. Lapho ekhetha ukucushwa kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokubukeka olungaphambili lwesonto isakhiwo, kanye izimo zezulu lapho isakhiwo itholakala, izidingo ezivamile yezakhiwo.

Ubude uphahla

Izinhlobo ophahleni lwezindlu zangasese futhi amagama abo kuchazwe Ukucaciswa yabo. Ngezindlela eziningi aesthetics nobunjalo kwesakhiwo kuncike ophahleni. Kungase unayo eyodwa, ezimbili noma ngaphezulu imisebe, kube flat noma okukhethekile. Uphahla lwezindlu yokubakhona ezimbili noma ezine ngaphezulu ukuze imisebe Cottages isici.

Umklamo flat isetshenziswa izakhiwo multi-storey nezezimboni. Lona lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu uphahla for emagalaji izindlu. Nokho, flat has kusimo enkulu - sinikeze run esheshayo kanye nokugcinwa yabo ishiya imali engaphezu kuka-uphahla bamisa.

Ungayididanisi "uphahla" umqondo kanye "uphahla", ngoba lezi zinto nakuba ahlobene komunye nomunye, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo kumadivayisi abo ehlukene. Roof - iyona element bephezulu lesakhiwo, enifeza befaka ukuzala, amanzi- futhi umsebenzi ukushisa-nangokuvikela. Roof - siyingxenye ye ophahleni, ukuvikela isakhiwo emathonyeni sangaphandle emkhathini. Ukuze ukufakwa kwalo usebenzisa slate, zama-tile, metal kanye nezinye izinto ukufulela. Izinhlobo uphahla ngoba izindlu zangasese izokwethulwa kulesi sihloko.

Ukwahlukanisa enyakazayo

Emthambekeni emithambekeni ophahleni zihlukaniswe flat bamisa. Flat ophahleni emthambekeni kubhekwe enjalo lapho engela ukuthambekela emaphethelweni aphikisanayo akuyona ezingaphezu kuka 2,5 °. Lo mklamo has ethile abalulekile - it is imisiwe imvula, kamuva okuholela ukugqoka kanye imbangela ukuvuza.

amahlamvu ewile uphinde inhlabathi ngezandla ezihlanzekile pologoskatnoy ophahleni. Eyokwakha Cottages nezindlu zangasese, lesi sakhiwo alisetshenziswa. Kophahla oluyisicaba is ethwele ephezulu liphumele nezakhiwo zezimboni, izakhiwo okungezona zokuhlala kanye emagalaji.

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa izindlu zangasese cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kusetshenziswe design luthi ukutsheka. usimende okunjalo kubhekwa, uma angle ukuthambekela ilingana noma enkulu kuno-degrees 10. Emithambekeni angami iqhwa futhi umswakama, okuyinto kunciphisa ingcindezi yangaphandle ophahleni.

Izinhlobo uphahla design: isithombe bese ukuhlonza

Kube ophahleni, ehlukanisiwe ikamelo, okungukuthi, elisophahleni, futhi kuhlangene egumbini - .. eyakhelwe-up. Garret, zibuye evuthayo futhi unheated. Built-up share on ngokugcwele noma ingxenye ukukhiphela futhi okungezona ukukhiphela.

Ikhono ukusebenzisa ophahleni ekusebenziseni zasekhaya nezinye lubahlukanise ku ezikunika unexploited. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye fantasy Abaklami wasinika ezihlukahlukene ophahleni isakhiwo. Izithombe nemidwebo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko kuzokusiza sokumazi nabo.

Amafomu nophahla ezakhiwe isesimweni Jomethri ye indlu

Chitha ophahleni bakha indiza olulodwa, okuyinto amanga semishayweni lishone eziphakeme ezahlukene, lapho yakheke emthambekeni futhi uhlangothi. Inketho efaneleka kakhulu yokwenza nekamelo kophahla - hhayi eqolo hhayi kakhulu isikhathi. I enamathela kungenzeka noma iyiphi impahla ukufulela. Attica kwelinye kummango ku-intanethi. Nokho, ukuhlomisa elisophahleni ngaphansi kophahla elachitheka Kusengenzeka kodwa izodinga ekhethekile iphrojekthi esingeziwe sale.

uphahla Gable aqukethe izindiza ezimbili elele izindonga ukuzala, ezingeni elifanayo. Kwesinye uphahla zokuphumula ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi gable. Isigaba esingunxantathu odongeni, "sandwiched" phakathi kwemithambeka ezimbili, ngokuthi "fin". umklamo Gable kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, nzima, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuba zonke ezinye izinhlobo uphahla.

Gable design nazo ihlukaniswe ngendlela ethile. Izinhlobo ophahleni gable: kophahla nokuthelwa raznoskatnaya. Ukuze elisophahleni libhekene imigqa abaphukile ezahlukene engele stingrays futhi gables pentagonal. Lo mklamo kudinga isikhala esengeziwe inhlangano elisophahleni lwendlu. ramps Upper ahlelwe nge-engela encane.

Emihle nemibi ophahleni gable

Ikhono ulungise kwesihenqo kuzilandeleli ukunikeza izinhlobo gable of uphahla emizini yabazalwane. Imidwebo namaphrojekthi ezengeziwe Kulokhu akudingeki, ngoba ubuqotho ophahleni jikelele ayiphazamiseki. ophahleni Gable unezinye kunezinzuzo ngempela phezulu kwezinye ukucupha:

• Kutsengeka ukwakhiwa.
• Design Simple futhi ukonga.
• Ukuphakama okugcwele isakhiwo kanye nokwenzeka ilungiselelo amafasitela gables.
• Ukwenza Izinto Zibe Lula self-ukwakha ngaphandle ukubandakanywa Ochwepheshe ezibizayo.

I yokuntula yilezi:

• Ukwencika ukuphakama engela endaweni yendlu. I emikhulu indlu, ukwaziswa okuningi iyadingeka ukudala nophahla gable.
• Inhlangano idinga ukwanda ukuphakama elisophahleni kanye nenani izakhi asekelayo, okwandisa izindleko zokwakha.

Uphahla ngoba indlu nge Loft

izinhlobo Dormer ka gable isakhiwo ophahleni ekwakhiweni kumavila Cottages. Ukuphakama mansard ophahleni ezindinganisweni zobuchwepheshe asikwazi ukuba ngaphansi kuka 2.3 m, kusukela ukuphakama ezifana kuhlinzekelwe ophahleni kwezakhiwo. Umkhqizi uhlelo ekamelweni elisophahleni kuyinto naslonnoy futhi ilenga.

Naslonnaya uhlelo kuvunyelwe kuphela uma ibanga phakathi kwezingange zombili ezazingasensimini eziveza afika kwangu-7 amamitha. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi omunye ekupheleni umshayo ingxenye yodonga ukuzala, kanye nezinye - ku Izindonga zangaphakathi noma esakhiwe ngokukhethekile ukwesekwa isakhiwo.

On isimiso, imishayo zisekelwe naslonnyh ezinye izinhlobo uphahla emizini yabazalwane nge Loft. semishayweni Ulenga asetshenziswa uma kungekho Sakhiwo sangekhatsi izindonga esemqoka. A ukwesekwa ulenga truss kuphuma mauerlat (ungene noma ibhodi obukhulu kakhulu, esisogwini emaphethelweni engenhla udonga lwangaphandle). Ukuze ukumelana imithwalo ipulazi ukubophela ezizibeni noma ngocingo.

ophahleni Mansard nalo ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana. Ziyakwazi:

• Izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana.
• Asymmetric.
• Polyline.
• Itende.

elisophahleni ziyalingana esungulwe uma kukhona ophahleni gable. Ngesikhathi isikhala efanayo elisophahleni kuyoba udonga lobulinganako kanye nobubanzi. umumo ziyalingana kukuvumela ukufaka amawindi umnyuziki ophahleni, futhi uma kunesidingo, umnyango, uma uhlela uphume ku emphemeni.

umumo azilingani olunikezwa skates gambrel indawo. Ngezinye egumbini elilodwa elisophahleni kuyinto endaweni encane. Amabili izindonga zawo + ziyoba yinto ngesimo onxantathu, nabanye ababili - trapezoids.

Polyline ophahleni gable kangaka okuthiwa ngoba ubuso kwangaphandle Kinks ukunweba isikhala ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu. Isici esivelele sesimiso design zikanhlangothiningi kubhekwa ukuphakama encane izindonga esikhaleni ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu. uphahla okunjalo ngokuvamile aboshelwe amacala lapho elisophahleni lusekelwe indlu kakade wakha. umklamo polyline aqede umthwalo esisekelweni, okuyinto akuhloselwe iyibeke esitezi yokuhlala.

Ngaphansi etendeni ophahleni elisophahleni kungenzeka isiyingi, oyindilinga, pyramidal. Hlela amafasitela noma eminyango kuleli gumbi ethile kunzima kakhulu, ngoba kumele kwenziwe emidwebweni ekhethekile. Simple ukuvuleka letingemadayimenshini Kulokhu bengakwamukeli.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana hip netende ezakhiwe

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuze kwakhiwe elisophahleni phansi hipped efanelekayo nophahla hip.

Hipped (hipped) design, libhekene yokuthi ubuso bayo ababili babe ngendlela onxantathu, nabanye ababili - trapezoid isosceles.

ramps ongunxantathu zitholakala endizeni ne gables, futhi babizwa "hip." Ukuze hip ophahleni esetshenziswa ukwakhiwa girder nge kokuqina double. Inzika ne ophahleni isuswe impela nje. Gambrel skates ngokuvamile esitshekile i-engela 45 degrees.

Emthambekeni emaweni kusho isidingo amanzi ohlelweni. Bakha sakhiwo enjalo ngezandla zakhe kunzima, ngoba libhekene uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi imishayo, ukufakwa edinga ukucacisa namakhono akhethekile.

Kukhona futhi uphahla poluvalmovaya. Lokhu hipped design efanayo, kodwa ufushanisiwe yayo ramps esingunxantathu futhi lishone ukuthambekela ezincane isihlobo trapezoid skates.

A ezihlukahlukene ophahleni hip kubhekwa hip, lapho bonke imisebe babe nesimo esifanayo weJiyomethri. ophahleni Hip axazulule uma ngesisekelo endlini zibekwe ngendlela quadrilateral njalo noma ezinye ipholigoni njalo. Lo mklamo ngokubukeka sifana mbhoshongo, njengoba yonke imisebe bukhomba at iphuzu elilodwa phezulu.

Emihle nemibi inyonga etendeni ezakhiwe

Izinzuzo zalezi zinhlobo izakhiwo yilezi:

• Lokho indlu enophahla okunjalo, ukubukeka yokuqala yokuqala.
• Amandla, ukuqina kanye nokwethembeka.
• Ukuzinza kuze layisha kubangelwa umoya futhi kwezulu.
• isikhala-Attica nendlu yaqala ukufudumala ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, okuvumela ukuhlomisa elisophahleni nge izimo zokuphila ntofontofo.

Hipped nophahla gambrel futhi babe ezithile:

• Designs ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekwakheni futhi adinga izibalo ekhethekile zobunjiniyela.
• Ngenxa endaweni olubanzi isikeyiti isakhiwo has a isisindo okusezingeni eliphezulu.
• Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthola izidingo ukwakhiwa ekamelweni elisophahleni ngenxa idivayisi liyadingeka izindonga ezengeziwe elisophahleni ipherimitha yayo.

Mnogoschiptsovaya kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile uphahla

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezingaphezu eyinkimbinkimbi uphahla emizini yabazalwane. Mnogoschiptsovaya - omunye walabo. Lo mklamo sisetshenziswa isakhiwo bunjwa zikanhlangothiningi, nge attics kanye imipheme. It is zihlukaniswa ngokuchichima emakhoneni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

Inani elikhulu izimbambo futhi isikeyiti unika indlu uhlobo ukunambitheka kanye liwuhlukanise kwabanye. Mnogoschiptsovye ukucushwa - lena ukubukwa enhle ukuzedlula zonke kulezi ophahleni lwezindlu ayimfihlo kuvulandi nezinye yasendlini yandiswe zokuhlobisa.

ophahleni Mnogoschiptsovaya lisikisela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi yaqinisekiswa truss uhlelo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuphathisa ukwakhiwa izisebenzi ezinekhono (njengoba yokulungiswa amaphutha eyenziwe self-ukwakhiwa, zibiza kuwufanele). Mnogoschiptsovaya futhi hipped - lena izinhlobo ukhululekile kakhulu uphahla emizini yabazalwane. Noma ngaphandle Loft yayo isakhiwo ukwakhiwa kophahla esinjalo kahle avikelwe ethonyeni izici zangaphandle ezimbi.

Oyindilinga nophahla oluyingungu - ezingavamile, kodwa ongakhetha sakhe ezithakazelisayo. Akuwona wonke isakhiwo cap design efanayo. At inhliziyo isakhiwo, ngokufaka isicelo nophahla olucijile noma Dome, kufanele noma amanga umbuthano, noma nje ezinye izingxenyana isakhiwo ulifihle - masimu, imibhoshongo, verandas. Isigaxa futhi Dome - kohlobo kunalokho ezingavamile uphahla lwemizi yama-ayimfihlo Veranda.

Umklamo cottage atholakala kuhlangene, inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi ukuhlanganisa tincenye etendeni, Dome, gable hipped futhi izakhiwo zophahla. Lezi zinhlobo esiyingqayizivele uphahla baqheliswa endlini iqaliswe imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, nge amazinga multiple of eziphilayo, balcony eziningana, verandas masimu.

izakhi eziyisisekelo ophahleni

Isinyathelo sokugcina ukwakhiwa yendlu ubhekwa ukufakwa ophahleni owawenzelwa ukuvikela ikhaya emvuleni, emoyeni, abandayo kanye nezinye sezulu "enkingeni." On indlela efanele eyakhelwe ophahleni, futhi kuncike UKUQINA kwesakhiwo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kukhethwa izinto futhi izixazululo ukwakhiwa kophahla wehlukile kakhulu, izimiso kanye izakhi ezivamile noma kunjalo kuyoba okufanayo.

Roof Pie - ukwakhiwa ehlanganisa izingqimba eziningana, ukudala isithiyo yokulwa umswakama Ukungena, ukufingqa ezishisayo, ukulahlekelwa ezishisayo kanye nezinye izimo ezinzima eziphathelene nokuqhutshwa ophahla. Izendlalelo ikhekhe aboshelwe ukulandelana esiqinile, futhi ngamunye kuhlobene ne sangaphambilini.

Uzimele - umshayo uhlelo (izakhi eziveza), okuyinto lamapulangwe ukufulela pie.

Zophahla - impahla ekhethekile ezenzelwe ukuvikela isakhiwo emathonyeni zezulu.

Ukweqa - element ezakhayo kwagcizelela enezisekelo zikakhonkolo nezinto zokwakha kube lula, "uqamba amanga" ezindongeni asekelayo nophahla ukukhonza ngamagumbi phansi phezulu esakhiweni.

Izinhlobo ezintweni zokwakha uphahla

Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ukufulela, futhi Ukukhetha kwabo akusho ukuthi ngeke icabange ukubukwa bophahla isakhiwo. Ngamunye lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ezifanele nganoma yisiphi uhlobo uzimele.

• Slate - "isabelomali" ukufulela impahla, kodwa bemthanda onjiniyela. Muva nje, wonke amacala ahoxiswa ukukhiqizwa yehlile ngenxa ukubukeka emakethe ezinengilazi ezintsha ezikhethiwe.
• Roll (esithambile) izinto zenziwa ngesisekelo itiyela futhi engambi eqolo. Nokho, kukhona kusimo abalulekile - ukumelana abampofu ukuba lokushisa ukweqisa. izinto Bituminous kalula ukuthambisa ukushisa kakhulu futhi kabana yesithwathwa kanzima. Fragments mastic enamathela glue, okuyinto lapho zihlatshwa UV ukukhanya futhi ilahlekelwa kuyaqina. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuphila umgwengwezi ikhoyili ingeqi iminyaka 7.
• Ngu uhlobo esilandelayo ezinengilazi zihlanganisa mastic polymeric. Zisetshenziswa ukudala ukufulela entsha kubuchwepheshe nekhono, futhi ukukhanda uphahla ubudala anoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ayinhlama zisetshenziswa ebusweni ewuketshezi, futhi ngemva solidification ukukhiqiza bushelelezi, Seamless Monolithic ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa enamathela. sici yabo okubalulekile unenkululeko, ukulondoloza ubuqotho ophahleni esimweni ukusonteka ezishisayo.
• Mastics izinze emiphumeleni ilanga futhi okushisa aphansi, engasindi futhi okuhlala ngokwedlulele. ukuphila inkonzo yabo eminyakeni 25-28. based iraba mastic enamathela kangcono zonke izinhlobo uphahla emizini yabazalwane nge Loft.
• Noma lashukumisa yensimbi ishidi camera ingxubevange anticorrosive ithusi, titanium noma ukhethe ziqhutshwa ukwanda phakathi amakhasimende. Bayakhululwa zisongwe noma amashidi. I enamathela lashukumisa iqinisekisa ukuphepha ophahleni cishe 90 iminyaka.
• amashidi profiled adalwe steel abandayo obumba, simulating Tile ukuthungwa. Ishidi ukujiya 0.5 mm, ubuso bayo ziphathwe i ingxubevange zinc-aluminium futhi ukugqwala ukumelana impahla. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana steel profiled ku ukuthi akukhona yakhelwe ukugoba futhi ngokuphelele oluthambile. Kukholakala ukuthi le nto afanelekile kakhulu izinhlobo elula uphahla bamisa kwezindlu lizwe kanye Cottages ngabanye.
• A ukufulela okwengeziwe, akukho kancane ezivamile futhi aziwa Tile Ceramic kanye usimende. Lokhu kwaziswa sinzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukumboza kuphela emithambekeni nge engela ukuthambekela ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-25 degrees, kungenjalo uzodinga uhlelo enamandla ubambe semishayweni. I UKUQINA Tile kuphezulu - engu-90 nokuningi.

zifudumele uphahla futhi ungangenisi amanzi

Kungakhathaliseki izinhlobo uphahla eyezinto konke abakudingayo kuyinto ukwahlukanisa eyengeziwe kanye nokuvikelwa yokulwa umswakama. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene uphahla, kukhona ngaphansi okuyinto amakamelo ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu.

Kwembulunga - kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekudaleni onokwethenjelwa eliphezulu ukufulela pie. Ukuze elisophahleni babehlala ngokunethezeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, udinga ukukhetha ilungelo impahla ukwahlukanisa futhi efanele ukuyifaka.

Izinto zokuvala umoya, kuhambisana zonke iziqondiso lobuchwepheshe, ukuqinisekisa emkhathini evamile egumbini. Ebusika, elisophahleni efudumele, futhi kushisa lapha izogcinwa cool.

zifudumele wophahla mansard senziwa izimiso esifana esiku ophahleni isakhiwo, kodwa nezimfuneko anda ezivela izici elisophahleni lwendlu. Izindonga zayo ezakhiwe ophahleni futhi gables imisebe ngenxa yalokho ilanga ehlobo overheats kubo, futhi ebusika izindonga ngokushesha simisiwe.

Roof elisophahleni ikhekhe siqukethe izingqimba eziningana, ukulandelana esingenakubalwa i-. Ziyakwazi:

• isithiyo ububi ngentukuthelo.
• Ngqo amalahle impahla.
• Ukupholisa igebe.
• Ungangenisi amanzi.
• Roof ukwemboza.

Ukukhetha ukwahlukanisa ophahleni mansard, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele conductivity yayo ezishisayo. Lesi sici kubonisa ikhono material ukuba kudlule ukushisa egumbini noma ngaphandle. The ephansi conductivity ezishisayo, ngcono ukwahlukanisa, futhi kungcono uzovikela elisophahleni indlu. Noma yimuphi izinhlobo ophahleni lwezindlu zangasese kanye elisophahleni futhi igalaji iphelelwa ukushisa phakathi nenkathi ebandayo, kusukela izikhatha zomoya oshisayo evuka imithetho yemvelo.

Heat sihamba ukufulela ikhekhe futhi fed enamathela ukuthi embozwe yiqhwa ebusika. Uma izinga lokushisa komoya akuyona ngaphansana -2.5 degrees, iqhwa ngenxa isakhiwo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, umsebenzi we yangaphandle ukushisa yisivikelo.

Ngezinye kakhulu asebenzayo nokushisa iqhwa ophahleni iqala igcwale amanzi, kuphumele i uqweqwe ice. It kwandisa umthwalo phezu kophahla futhi, ngokungafani kuya iqhwa, ukushisa sihamba. Uma ukwahlukanisa of ophahleni ifakwe imithetho, phezu iqhwa ngeke zigcwale amanzi, ngokulandelana, futhi ngeke ibe uqweqwe ice.

Ehlobo, uma kushisa kakhulu, abamba ukushisa okudlulele engena ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu. Umoya ukufuthelana kangangokuba ngisho nalapho conditioner emoyeni ukulondoloza khona emkhathini evamile egumbini akunakwenzeka. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezifana kophahla elisophahleni Thermal futhi ngaphakathi.

Ngaphambi kokufaka ukufulela pie ngoba elisophahleni kuyakhethwa ezishisayo ekuvikeleni impahla. Uzokhetha incike isibalo izingqimba kanye ukushuba we ingxenye ukwahlukanisa. Izinto ezivamile futhi iyatholakala yilezi:

• polystyrene extruded.
• Polyurethane foam.
• Mineral and slag uvolo.
• uvolo Glass.
• ingilazi Foamed.

Heater lungasetshenziswa ngesisekelo ngezinto zemvelo: mhlanga amacansi, chips izinkuni, utshani, slag.