Inja izinhlobo izinhlobo: uhlu nge izincazelo kanye nezithombe

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba le ndoda yayike domesticated izimvu, izimbuzi, kanye-ke izinkomo, njalo umngane emadlelweni akhe baba inja. Lokhu umngane zemilenze emine is hhayi nje ngokusiza ngelusa izinkomo, kodwa futhi ukuze bazivikele lapho ehlaselwa izilwane ezidla inyama. Okokuqala izinja ezaziphila ngokufuya ngokuthi Abelusi ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka sezihlonziwe zohlobo inja izinhlobo.

Futhi sonke lesi sikhathi, emadwaleni lokuqala bakudala ukuboniswa ngokucophelela labo possess isethi ledzingekako izimfanelo:

• Isilinganiso usayizi umzimba Imizimba ezilinganiselwe.
• Ukukhuthazela ezicutshini athuthukile - imithwalo emikhulu futhi eside.
• elingenamikhono onephunga undercoat - sokuvikelwa sezulu noma ukushisa.
• Kahle athuthukile ukuzingela isazela (inja is akazange athikanyezwe emisebenzini yabo).
• izimfanelo nokuvikeleka Excellent, ukungabethembi abantu bangaphandle. Uma kudingeka, inja ungakwazi ukuxosha isilo.
• nokuzidela enkosini yayo.
• Sidinga isibindi nokuthembela isibindi.

zizalela Geography of ezaziphila ngokufuya izinja

Geography lamazwe lapho bebehlala khona: ezifuywa zohlobo inja izinhlobo, kuyinto ehluke ebanzi. Futhi uma ukuthuthukiswa imfuyo isimo, ikakhulukazi ngaphezulu inja izinhlobo kulesi sigaba, kuba ekhaya.

Ngokwesibonelo, iHungary isibe ekhaya ukuze izinhlobo ezinhlanu ezivamile ezaziphila ngokufuya izinja - Commander, amachashazi, Pumi, Mudi and isiHungary Kuvasz. Okokuqala okubili - eside-onezinwele ezimhloshana, kahle bakwazi ukukhuthazelela ngisho sezulu ababa nonya kakhulu. Pumi - uhlobo ngokulinganiswa ayemncane, ezifuywa bewela inhlamvu futhi Pomeranian. Isetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela sibe ngumqaphi umhlambi, kodwa futhi kusho inhlangano ebhekele, kanye fighter namagundane. A Hungarian ezaziphila ngokufuya inja (uMoody) - abasha nakakhulu zohlobo isuselwe bewela izinhlobo eziningana, kuhlanganise zezibhamu Pumi.

Slovakia, lapho kungekho bekhwela izintaba, futhi ngaleyo ndlela imfuyo zizalela ithuthukiswe ngezinga elincane, emlandweni waso, yaletha zohlobo omunye ezaziphila ngokufuya izinja - Sheepdog Slovak, okuyinto esihlobene Hungarian Kuvasz.

Adume kakhulu yisiNgisi ezaziphila ngokufuya izinja. Lokhu collie zonke ezaziwayo (collie), kanye shelties, bobtail. Kungaba avame ukubonakala nabancane handsome Corgi Welsh. Ukuthi lokhu zohlobo inja sakubona kukuhle asebukhosini uGeorge VI. Futhi lokhu inkosi inja zohlobo wanika isipho indodakazi yakhe Elizabeth II. Futhi zonke ngoba abameleli babo kakhulu smart, bayazi ukuthi kakhulu benqoba ubunzima futhi ukufeza imisebenzi yayo.

zohlobo Swiss ezaziphila ngokufuya izinja - omunye osele ezimbalwa, sibonga izenzo anekhono abalimi, njengoba injalo emsulwa kuze kube namuhla. Izinhlobo ezine abelusi yaseSwitzerland umbala ayingqayizivele tricolor - lena neqhaza elikhulu isayensi Switzerland cynology. Esikhulu entabeni inja (noma entabeni enkulu uMalusi Swiss) ngezinye buyabuna wonke 72 cm futhi ine ijazi bushelelezi. Bernese Intaba Inja (Bernese Intaba) has a eside-onezinwele ezimhloshana, nge buyabuna 65 cm Kodwa Appenzeller Sennenhund Entlebucher Intaba Inja futhi -. Esifushane onezinwele ezimhloshana, 58 futhi 35 cm, ngokulandelana. Isithombe sikhombisa Bernese Intaba Inja.

Uye waba negalelo ukufuya izinja umalusi Belgium. Futhi kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinja ezifuywa Belgian inja izinhlobo izinga ezihambisana ezingeni eliphezulu futhi baziswa emhlabeni wonke. Yizinhlobonhlobo, amakhono esihle ukuqaphile, Imizimba efanayo, ukuphakama 62 cm ngesikhathi buyabuna - kukhona Belgian umalusi dogs. Ziyahlukahluka kuye kuphela umbala uhlobo elingenamikhono. Ngakho, Groenendael zohlobo izinja abe ijazi elimnyama eside, futhi abameleli Tervuren zohlobo sihluke umbala zethusi kuqala nge umthunzi omnyama. Omunye umalusi inja Malinois, esivela nombala ofanayo, kodwa ibhantshi emifushane futhi Friend. Kodwa lakenua - zohlobo onezinwele ka Belgian umalusi dogs.

Izinkomo Australian Inja

Ingabe Izinkomo zohlobo, futhi igama lakho lesibili, lo dokotela, ke wathola nge ngendlela amazinyo ubambe izinkomo Ezansi esitho indluzelekazi (kusukela isithende English -. The isithende) ushintsha umhlambi.
Australian izinkomo inja has a obuphelele umzimba 44-51 cm, umbala waso kuhluka obomvu umpofu omnyama. Lena kakhulu ephansi ukugcinwa kanye isilwane sithunywa ihlala isebenza futhi ukulungele ukuthatha isinyathelo esiwujuqu. izimo Ideal for izinja - uhlale ngaphandle isikhathi esiningi. Yena uthola kanye kahle nezinye izilwane eduze. Nge siqaphile futhi ngokuqinile, inja futhi ibonisa imiphumela okuhle ukuboshwa.

Umlando nesenzakalo zohlobo zivela e-maphakathi nekhulu XIX, lapho kwakukhona ukuthuthukiswa isimo Australian yaseNew South Wales. Kanye Abanikazi bamapulazi izinkomo zalethwa lapha umalusi dogs - Smithfield (NGABE black), futhi azikaze ingashintshwa ukuze ukushisa bekukukhulu kakhulu futhi enomsindo ukuthi bethukile izilwane.
Umzamo wokuqala ukuwela Smithfield Abalimi nge dingoes (ngo-1830) kwakungelona impumelelo: obomvu inja iDemo-tailed ethulile, kodwa okuhlabayo kakhulu. Uhlulekile bese uzama ukuwela collie anolaka ngenkunzi terrier. Futhi ngo-1840 zomninindawo Thomas Khol ngaphambilini waseScotland ezimbili Collie (omnyama okwesibhakabhaka kanye grey-black zemabula), bese wawela kanye dingoes. Ngakho-ke etholwe-Australia izinkomo inja nge nombala oluhlaza. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi into efanayo kwakwenziwa nomlimi John. Elliot yaseQueensland, kanti ezinye namanje ukubiza lokhu zohlobo Queensland. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, abalimi kaSydney admixed abelaphi igazi lwaseDalmatia, ngakho zohlobo eliyifa nezinala-roan iphethini "ihembe."
ukuqashelwa yayo zohlobo kwaba ngo-1903, sibonga Robert Kaleski, wasungula wokuqala ejwayelekile yayo. Ngo-1963, waphuma nge twist zanamuhla, futhi ngo-1987 wanyathelisa inguqulo yakhe yakamuva FCI. Ngo-1979, i-standard AKC sivunyiwe. Futhi zohlobo neyaziwayo waqinisekisa SCS, UKC, KCGB futhi ANKC.

Australian Kelpie

Igama zohlobo sashiwo umsebenzi by Louis Stevenson amanzi kelpie.

Kelpie Australian - lena inja ekhuthele kakhulu, nge inhlanganisela oncomekayo kwamandla kwemisipha nakalula nemilenze ezinkulu. It has intelligence okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukuba qotho kumuntu owehlukile, nokuzinikela emsebenzini. Naphezu kobungako nobuningi bayo naphakathi (43-58 cm ngesikhathi buyabuna), inja ubhekana izinkomo ngisho kokudla. It has a black coat esifushane, omnyama tan, tan, tan, tan, isihamu, ushokoledi nombala Smoky-blue.

Umlando nesenzakalo zohlobo bengayiqondi ngokugcwele. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ke kuhlehlela emuva 1870 version yathi chithi saka ukuthi ukuvela zohlobo kwaba umphumela ukweqa le collie umngcele nge zasendle inja Dingo. Kelpie Australian inakho imikhuba ehambisana inja zasendle. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukwaluka egoba ikhanda lakhe phansi, sengathi ukweqa ku inyamazane. Ngokuvamile, inja lokhu uhlobo lwenkomo olungakwazi ngibe ngedwa ukuze ngihlaziye ziklaba nezimvu eziyizinkulungwane. Emsebenzini wabo ayesebenzisa izindlela ezifana iluma isilwane abadelelayo yizinyawo, futhi imihlane yabo jumping nokufezwa ekuqaleni we komunye umkhawulo umhlambi.
Zohlobo wayebhekwa FCI ejwayelekile.

inja Azorean

Lolu hlobo kukalutshwana kakhulu. Kuphela ngqo Azores, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imincintiswano kanye nemibukiso, angahlangabezana nabameleli bayo. Nakuba ekhaya Azores izinkomo inja iyathandwa njalo - izimfanelo ezinhle usebenza nokuzinikela olungenamkhawulo kubanikazi lezi zilwane ukwenza intandokazi wangempela umndeni.

inja Azores Izinkomo basonta isigaba, kukhona Ubumnene okunengqondo ephapheme ngokuphelele ukubhekana kangcono nale umsebenzi nokuklaba kwezinkomo nezinye izinkomo, ukuhola kahle yenkonzo yokuqapha. Zohlobo libhekene ukuphakama ngesikhathi buyabuna, angafundwa 48-60 cm, futhi emfushane elingenamikhono brindle.

Lokhu zohlobo inja has elinye igama - Cao de Fila de Sao Miguel (Kau Fila de Sao Miguel) - nsé igama elikhulu Azores. Iqiniso lokuthi esikhathini sokwanda esebenzayo impahla yawo Portugal, Azores Kwatholakala 1427, unyaka Henry the Navigator. Ukuba khona uhlaza futhi ukungabi ezincelisayo ziba isithiyo ukukhokhela iziqhingi abantu. Khona-ke uHenry wanikwa Ukuze uqale esiqhingini saseSan Miguel izinkomo, futhi 1439 lapho Kwakuseshwa ku imihlambi obuningi izilwane kancane kancane siphela zasendle ngaphandle khona abantu. Yilokho lapho kuba khona isidingo ngenxa inja ezaziphila ngokufuya. Izinja izifiki amazwe sezishabalele, kodwa beyizalaniselana zabo nabanye moloss wabeletha enye zohlobo, okuyinto wathola igama layo yokudumisa isiqhingi.
Ngenxa ngabodwa pheze ephelele amakhulu eminyaka e-Azores Izinkomo Izinja igcinwe ubumsulwa zohlobo. Kwakuthinta kuphela ekuthuthukiseni lobudlelwano bangaphandle kuye kwavula ingozi yokulahleka pureblood wakhe. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1995, kwathiwa esachazwa ejwayelekile zohlobo, obonwa FCI.

ZaseCaucasia uMalusi Inja

Breed uMalusi Caucasian - omunye omdala (ke eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2000).
Libuye ingenye kwezinhlobo ezinkulu (kufika ku-75 cm ngesikhathi buyabuna, 45-70 kg). Ngu uhlobo inja noboya zalolu hlobo zimfushane-onezinwele ezimhloshana, nge eliphakathi nendawo, futhi eside-onezinwele ezimhloshana eside. Kodwa zonke zibe undercoat obukhulu. Umbala kungaba impisi-grey, onsundu, ophuzi, obomvu kanye variegated.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo umlando zohlobo. On omunye wabo, zohlobo is owehla evela izinja Tibetan futhi libhekisela 1211 BC. e., lapho umbusi Chinese Zhou wanikeza esinye salezi izinja. Nokho, kukhona izithombe kwezilwane noma izinsalela ezifanayo URARTU Caucasian (VII c. BC. E.).
Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini okufushane noma babenamathele, omunye into icacile - the abalimi lasendulo, inja abazalanisi kwabathatha enkazimulweni. Inja kuyinto smart, ezinzima abhekana ngayo umalusi yenkonzo yokuqapha, has ukuzimisela nesibindi.

collie

ukubukeka Bright lihle inkonzo izici zalesi inja captivate ngisho nalabo sengqondo ongachemile abangane bethu abane-ezinemilenze. Yiqiniso, kuba collie, collie. Intengo umdlwane nge lozalo ngamabomu iqala ruble 15,000 - ngoba amalungu awo aba esezingeni ubuhle Canine, ukwethembeka nokuhlakanipha.

Kukhona izinguqulo eziningana umsuka igama zohlobo. On omunye wabo, ihlobene uhlobo Scottish imvu colley. Ngakolunye - enegama elithi coaly, okusho "amalahle". Futhi igama lesithathu kusikisela uxhumano lesiNgisi elithi collar, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "collar" futhi ukhombe lokho mane langa futhi frill, esivela zohlobo. ukubukeka YeNkosi, ukuma uyaziqhenya ngabameleli bayo, imizimba enemisipha eqinile, ukunyakaza ngomusa, kanye izinwele omkhulu aminyene futhi eside, sasizazisa Korolevoy Viktoriey, uhambo benqamula emazweni Scottish. Futhi kusukela 1860 Collie waqala iqhaza nemibukiso. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, zizalela umsebenzi nge zohlobo wayegxilile kuphela yangaphandle futhi engenzi uthinte ukusebenza inja izici.

Namuhla Collie - uwukwenziwa samuntu ukuhlakanipha kanye ubuhle emhlabeni Canine. ingqondo Cijela ivumela inja yakhe zingafundi nje iqoqo esezingeni imiyalo, kodwa futhi zifunde ukubaluleka kokuphila iqoqo lamagama. Izinja ulalela smart, wenze abangane enkulu nabasizi izingane. Ngamafuphi, uma unquma ukuba umdlwane collie, intengo ukhokhela uhlobo purebred, nakuba kuyinto kunalokho enkulu, kodwa ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele okulindele kusukela wenzuzo.

Umalusi basePortugal

Umalusi Portuguese Sekuyisikhathi eside iyigugu kakhulu ngenxa yayo izimfanelo ezaziphila ngokufuya. Indlela yokuziphatha yayo igqugquzela izinkomo sebekhathele ukukhonkotha kwazo futhi tazhe noiseless dlula izimvu nezinkomo uma kokudla.
Kuyinto inja naphakathi (42-55 cm, 12-18 kg) ijazi obukhulu eside futhi kancane elibuhlungu. Akukho undercoat. abameleli Modern zohlobo kukhona umbala zabaNsundu, kodwa kukhona abantu futhi ngimpunga, tan, umbala ophuzi kanye nonsundu.
Njengoba ungase ukuqagela kusuka igama, kuba uhlobo bomdabu Portugal, nokuningi ngokunembile - izifunda yayo Alentejo futhi Ribatero. Ochwepheshe bayavuma ngobuhlobo obuseduze izinhlobo ezifana briar, Iberia futhi Catalan Sheepdog.
Lovely iwashi izinga, ukubekezelelana yezimo ezihlukahlukene sezulu kanye lula e ukudla namandla, ngesinye isikhathi ukuqapha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ezolile futhi poise - zonke lezi izimfanelo esivela ku-Portuguese Abelusi.

Romanian umalusi inja

Romanian umalusi zohlobo iphutha, cishe ngenxa yokweqa izinhlobo ezahlukene ezaziphila ngokufuya izinja, mhlawumbe, Slavic futhi Turkish.
Ngoba izinja zalolu hlobo libhekene umbala omhlophe (noma izilongotshane brown), okuyinto ekahle kakhulu - inja akesabi izimvu, ngeke kudidaniswe nezimpisi. Elingenamikhono iqondile, awugqinsi, ubude ophansi. Inja has a ukuphakama ngesikhathi buyabuna mayelana 58-66 cm, nesisindo uhla 32-45 kg, amathambo eqinile, intamo esifushane futhi eqinile, kahle kakhulu ezicutshini asethuthukile.

Umalusi Romanian - abelusi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu, ngokuphelele bazivumelanisa nezimo zendawo nokhahlo. Kuyinto inja eziqinile kakhulu ngempendulo umbani-fast and ulaka isegazini. Zohlobo isici ezingavamile futhi kancane-eyaziwa komngcele ezweni lenkaba yawo.

inja Czech

Umalusi zamaBohemia - omunye izinhlobo endala, futhi mhlawumbe owandulela uMalusi abadumile German.
Lezi Abelusi 50-55 cm ubude nesisindo - 15-25 kg. Bona wakhona ikhanda kanye empumulweni side. izindlebe ezicijile, obujwayelekile amaphakathi, zitholakala endaweni ibangana nomunye futhi ibekwe kakhulu. umzimba emzimbeni kwemisipha Ubuye skeleton eqinile. It uqeda ephelele saber Ingaphandle umsila okwenyanga. Elingenamikhono iqondile, eside (kufika ku-12 cm), kanye noboya obukhulu undercoat kahle athuthukile, ukuze inja ehlupheka yesithwathwa omkhulu futhi ezinzima futhi sishiswa ilanga lasehlobo. Elingenamikhono kuyinto omnyama tan umbala umbala obomvu kanye ebomvu izihlathi, azungeze amehlo, esifubeni, kwegilo ngaphambili entanyeni futhi emikhawulweni.
Nge ubude nesisindo leliphasi kunaleyo ezinye izinja ukusebenza, zamaBohemia uMalusi esivumelana ngaphezulu okuqukethwe, ezikwazi, esebenzayo kakhulu futhi ngokushesha uzoqala ukusebenza.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngaphezu esemthethweni, zohlobo has amanye amagama, enye yazo - Chodsko inja (kusukela Czech isizwe "ihamba", sekuyisikhathi eside evikelwe ezintabeni eCzech Republic endleleni eya eJalimane). Umlando zohlobo iqala nge ekhulwini XIII, kwathi ngekhulu XVI, ukutshalwa yayo kwakuyinqubo okwase kuyiminyaka umbuso ezingeni okhokhelwayo.

Khona-ke, ngo-1984, ukubuyiselwa zohlobo ngomsebenzi Willem-Jan uKurtz Findeysa. Olunye uhlelo Dog Training izithombe eshicilelwe Chodsko kuMalusi isikhalazo abafundi ukubika khona izinja enjalo. Ngakho, esikhathini kusuka ngo-1985 kuya 1992. 35 nangezinhlaka izinja zalolu hlobo ibhalisiwe. Ngo-1997, isikhulu ejwayelekile uMalusi zamaBohemia laqanjwa Findeysom.

South Russian

Isici esiphawulekayo zohlobo futhi uyaziqhenya ezinweleni zakhe. Okokuqala, kuba soft, abushelelezi futhi eside. Ekhanda izinwele basibekele ubuso, futhi ufika ichopho ekhaleni, izinyawo, it yakha wafana amabhuzu. Elingenamikhono umbala zingahluka kusuka elimhlophe aphuzi ngibhema. Kodwa lokhu ayiyona ingozi uma kubonakala Uma unganakile, ingaphandle efihla bemvelo sasivumela nolaka, yakhelwe ukuba baphathe kahle umalusi futhi bagade.

Njengoba kahle kwakukhona South Russian Ovcharka? Umlando zohlobo avela 1797, lapho umkhiqizo, kanye umbhangqwana wokuqala we esihle-uvolo yezimvu Spanish balethwa usizo pastoralists, abelusi Asturian Abelusi. Njengoba abelusi kakhulu, lezi izinja kwadingeka ethile ebalulekile. onesiqu esifushane futhi ngaphezu okuncane kwenza zibe sengcupheni kakhulu Steppenwolf wendawo. Ngakho-ke, kwakudingeka aguqule pastoralists izinja bawungenisa namandla ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngesikhathi esifanayo amakhono akhona ezaziphila ngokufuya. Tides of Asturias zemilenze emine abelusi igazi Tatar abelusi, greyhounds wendawo Borzoi isiRashiya, baletha izinja nezimfanelo ezinjengokwethembeka ukukhuthazela, isivinini running kanye nastiness izilwane eziphila ngezinye. Uma lokhu inja linesizotha okuqukethwe, ehlakaniphile, futhi unothando naye futhi ukusabela umbani. Breeding owawusedolobheni izindlu abadumile Askania Nova, ngakho zohlobo owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi uMalusi Russian eNingizimu. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi futhi wabhekisela kamalusi njengesingathekiso Ukraine.

Kodwa ngeshwa, yathandwa kakhulu ngakho abuzange. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngesikhathi wokuQala nowesiBili Umhlaba Izimpi, ngokuqondene zokunciphisa isibalo imvu, ukuthuthukiswa zohlobo kumile. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1945 kube unyaka wesishiyagalolunye babe zezinhlobo kuphela ezingavamile zohlobo e Ongoti yayo, kanye abelusi bendawo. Yiqiniso, njengoba inani labantu izinja liye landa, kodwa ukuthandwa zohlobo ayizange itholakale. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, umsebenzi isilwane kangangokuthi kuthatha eningi isikhala ezimweni izindlu akunakwenzeka. izimvu Modern Awudingi isevisi izinja eziningi kangaka. Kodwa abanye amakhono, okuyinto zohlobo inja izinhlobo unekhono futhi kungukuthi yingcweti uMalusi Russian eNingizimu.