AmaSlav - ubani lo? Umlando nezinganekwane lwamaSlav

Emlandweni lwamaSlav eziningi namabala amhlophe, okuyinto eyenza "Izazi" eziningi zanamuhla ngesisekelo kokuqagela amaqiniso unproven ukubeka phambili lezi zinkolelo-mbono kumnandi kakhulu ngemvelaphi kanye kumiswa isimo abantu Slavic. ngisho welithi "Slav" Ngokuvamile abantu abaningi abasiqondi futhi kubhekwe lapho bekhuluma "Russian". Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona umbono wokuthi Slav - lobuzwe. Konke lokhu ukudideka.

Ngobani lwamaSlav?

LwamaSlav ezakha umphakathi enkulu kunayo yonke eYurophu Ethno-namalimi wemiphakathi. Ngaphakathi nanso are ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: Eastern lwamaSlav (.. Okungukuthi, isiRashiya, Belarusians nase-Ukraine), Western (nabasePoland, amaCzech namaRomany, Sorbs neSlovakia) neSouth lwamaSlav (phakathi uyakuthiwa Bosniaks, namaSerbia, abaseMakedoniya, eCroatia, baseBulgaria, eMontenegro Slovenes). Slav - a hhayi ubuzwe njengesizwe - umqondo iyincane. izizwe ngamunye Slavic kwamiswa kuqhathaniswa ngasekupheleni, kuyilapho lwamaSlav (noma kunalokho, lwamaSlav lasendulo) zanikezelwa ezivela emphakathini Indo-European nengxenye iminyaka eyinkulungwane BC. e. Kwathatha eziningana, futhi abayazi abahambi basendulo. Ekuqa- ubudala lwamaSlav oshiwo ngu-mlando ezithile zamaRoma ngokuthi "Wends": ezivela emithonjeni ebhaliwe ukuthi ukuthi lezi zizwe Slavic elwa nawo eJalimane ezaziwayo.

Kukholakala ukuthi lapho kwazalelwa Slavic (ngokunembile, endaweni lapho kwathiwa bazohlawuliswa kwakhiwa njengoba umphakathi) kwaba indawo ephakathi Oder futhi Vistula (abanye abalobi bathi phakathi Oder kanye Yiqiniso phakathi Dnieper).

ethnonym

Lapha-ke kunengqondo ukucabanga umbuzo umsuka wenkulumo ethi "Slav." Ngo abantu Olden zazivame ngokuthi ngemva komfula kabani amabhange egade ziphila kilo. Dnieper endulo ngokuthi nje "Slavutich". wona kanye umsuka "inkazimulo" kungenzeka waqala emuva lé igama ovamile for zonke Indo kleu, okusho udumo noma notoriety. Kunenye inguqulo evamile: "Slovakia", "tslovak" futhi ekugcineni, "Slav" - kungcono nje "umuntu" noma "umuntu okhuluma ulimi lwethu." Abameleli bezizwe lezihambi bakhuluma ulimi angalwazi, abantu ngokuvamile njengenkulumo lasendulo. Igama azibiza kwabantu - isibonelo, "Mansi" noma "Nenets" - esikhatsini lesinyenti kuba, kusho "umuntu" noma "indoda."

Umnotho. senhlalo

Slav - umlimi. Hlakulela amadlozi umhlaba lwamaSlav wafunda emuva ezinsukwini lapho bonke Indo-baseYurophu kwadingeka ukuba nolimi olulodwa olwaziwayo. Esikhathini Northern Territory bakwenze umkhuba abayisebenzisayo yokugawula ezishile ezolimo eningizimu - yifusi. UGrew unyaluthi, ukolweni, ibhali, i-rye, Ifilakisi Hemp. izitshalo yemifino Akwaziwa: iklabishi, beet, turnips. AmaSlav babehlala ehlathini asemaqeleni zigaba, ngakho waziphatha futhi nokuzingela apiculture, kanye nokudoba. Futhi wawufuye izinkomo. AmaSlav benziwa izinga ngesikhathi izikhali, zobumba, amathuluzi wezolimo.

Okwakuhlalwa kuzo lapho kusaqalwa yentuthuko lwamaSlav yayikhona umphakathi tribal, okuyinto kancane kancane savela ibe umakhelwane. Ngenxa yalokho imikhankaso lempi abavamile wama phandle ukwazi; Ngifanele, balazi izwe futhi isistimu ohlanganyelwe salandelwa amakhosi asendulo.

Kukonke umlando Slavic endulo

Enyakatho lwamaSlav wahlala side by side nge aseBaltic nasengxenyeni izizwe zamaJalimane entshonalanga - ne amaCelt, empumalanga - ne AmaSkithe Sarmatians, futhi eningizimu - kanye lasendulo kwabaseMakedoniya, Thracians, Illyrians. Ekupheleni kwe-5th ekhulwini BC. e. bafika aseBaltic nasengxenyeni Black iziLwandle, kanye nelesi-8 safinyelela Lake Ladoga futhi kahle emazweni aseBalkan. Ngekhulu 10th lwamaSlav matasa izwe kusukela iVolga ukuba i-Elbe, kusukela eMedithera aseBaltic. Lo msebenzi kufuduka kwakubangelwa Ukuhlasela labantu abayimizulane elivela e-Asia Ephakathi, ukuhlaselwa omakhelwane-Jalimane, kanye ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu e-Europe: izizwe ezihlukahlukene baphoqeleka ukufuna mazwe amasha.

Umlando we-East European Plain lwamaSlav

Eastern lwamaSlav (okhokho Ukraine yesimanje, Belarusians futhi Russian) kuya 9 AD leminyaka. e. Bathatha izwe kusukela Carpathians sifinyelela phakathi Oka kanye Upper Don, kusukela Ladoga ukuba Dnieper Ephakathi. Bona baxhumene wendawo emazweni Finno-Ugric futhi aseBaltic. Kakade ekhulwini lesi-6, izizwe ezincane waqala ukungena imifelandawonye nomunye, okuyinto waba unyaka okwazalwa ngawo wekuba sive. Ngesikhathi inhloko ngayinye Union kwaba nomholi wezempi.

Amagama imifelandawonye zezizwe aziwa yonke inkambo esikoleni yomlando: ke drevlyans futhi vyatichi futhi northerners, futhi krivichi. Kodwa eyaziwa kakhulu, mhlawumbe, ukuhlanzwa kanye Ilmen Slovenes. Eyokuqala babehlala eduze kwe-sifinyelela phakathi Dnieper futhi wasungula Kiev, zokugcina waphila lweLake Ilmen futhi Novgorod eyakhelwe. Eyaphakama 9th ekhulwini "umzila kusuka amaViking namaGreki" zaba nengxenye ekwandiseni futhi, kamuva, inhlangano kweminye yale mizi. Ngakho ngonyaka ka-882 kwaba khona isimo lwamaSlav we Plain East European - eRussia.

izinganekwane Ephakeme

LwamaSlav akakwazi ngokuthi abantu basendulo. Ngokungafani abaseGibhithe namaNdiya, abazange babe nesikhathi sokuthuthukisa eziphambili ohlelweni basezinganekwaneni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinganekwane cosmogonic lwamaSlav (t. E. izinganekwane mayelana umsuka emhlabeni) Ziningi esifana ngakho Finno-Ugric. Futhi ukwethula neqanda elivela lapho 'bayazalwa' emhlabeni, futhi amadada amabili ngemiyalo yezikhulu ophakeme unkulunkulu esindayo daka kusukela phansi olwandle ukudala Terra firma. Ekuqaleni lwamaSlav bakhuleka Rod futhi Rozhanitsy kamuva - samuntu emvelo (Perun, Svarog, Mokosh Dazhdbog).

Kukhona umqondo bepharadesi - Iria (Vyrii), i-World Tree (Dube). Imibono zenkolo lwamaSlav athuthukiswe kanye emigqeni efanayo eyomunye kwabantu baseYurophu (ngemva lwamaSlav lasendulo - kuyinto European!): I deification imihlola zemvelo ukuze kuhlonishwe uNkulunkulu oyedwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekhulwini 10 BC ezaziwayo. e. Prince uVladimir ubezama "hlanganisa" bonke onkulunkulu yokwenza unkulunkulu ophakeme Perun - the usanta amasosha. Kodwa kabusha kuhlulekile, futhi isikhulu kwadingeka ukuba banake ubuKristu. Uphawu lobuKristu Ephoqelekile Nokho, zehlulekile ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele imibono yobuqaba: U-Eliya, nomProfethi, phathelana ukubizwa Perun, futhi Kristu uMariya waqala ukuba ngaye emibhalweni izintelezi imilingo.

izinganekwane aphansi

Maye, izinganekwane Slavic ngonkulunkulu namaqhawe awazange eqoshiwe. Kodwa laba bantu baye wadala evuthiwe izinganekwane aphansi, lapho abalingiswa - nemikhovu, mermaids, eyayisekhanda lami, Zalozhnev, Bannikov, ovinnik futhi poludenitsy - sekusaziwa yithi izingoma, yezinganekwane, izaga. Emuva e-kwekhulu lama-20 abalimi leminyaka watshela ethnographers mayelana nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani kusuka werewolf futhi isivumelwano amanzi. Ezinye izinsalela ubuqaba uyaphila engqondweni ethandwa kuze kube manje.