Izinzwa Cranial, lokuchezuka ezisuka kusukela isifo sabo

Isimiso sezinzwa ihlanganisa asebuchosheni nomgogodla, esukela imizwa yabo futhi ramifications abo. Zonke legatsha ezinzwa exhunywe kwi-peripheral nervous system. Kukhona 12 namabhuzu nezinzwa cranial spinal 31 ngazimbili. pair ngamunye unegama ayo kanye nenombolo, okuyinto luchazwa ngegama yesi-Roman. izinzwa Cranial asezindaweni base zobuchopho. On indlela yokwakheka izinzwa, eyakhululwa imisebenzi ke awo mathathu: motor, nemizwa exubile.

Ezizwelayo nezinzwa cranial akhiwa Imicu izinzwa esuke ngaphandle ingqondo. Lezi zihlanganisa izinzwa olfactory, ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa. Zinikeza vestibular umsebenzi, ukuzwa, ukubona kanye nephunga. Lowo mbhangqwana wokuqala iqala kusukela ezinzwa, okuyinto zitholakala mucosa acinene. Lapho kunqotshwa lokhu kwenzwa kukhona ukulahleka ephelele ikhono ukuhogela. Eyesibili pair - kungcono emsipheni optic, oluvela kumaseli ngwengwzi. yoma yakhe iholela ukwehla elibukhali acuity ezibukwayo, futhi ubumpumputhe ngezinye izikhathi ephelele. Laba bobabili yesishiyagalombili nezinzwa sokuzwa wemfanelo ngeyokuzwa, kanti umsebenzi we-apharathasi vestibular. Uma ukwephula yomsebenzi wakhe kukhona isiyezi, ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa, ataxia, ukungasebenzi vestibular.

Motor umsebenzi siqukethe ngazimbili ezinhlanu izinzwa. Sinenkosi imvelaphi yabo empandni motor nuclei. Wesithathu, wesine nelesithupha pair of izinzwa ezihambisana ngedivayisi futhi iso ukunyakaza. Oculomotor ezinzwa - lena pair lwesithathu. Lakhiwa endwangwini, kusukela uhlobo i-nucleus. Imicu yotshani Parasympathetic equkethwe emizweni ukuphakela imisipha iso. Athintekayo nezinzwa cranial III zinezikhathi pair of elingenhla ijwabu leso ptosis, squint etshiyeneyo kanye mydriasis. Uma sithinta emsipheni block IV embonweni waphawula izinto double. Lapho umbono lehliselwa phansi, yabonisa kancane engu- okotshani. Uma kwaphazamisa imisebenzi VI abducens, eshintsha ukunyakaza yeso phandle, lokhu kuholela squint convergent futhi umbono double.

Emsipheni ebusweni (VII) ilawula imisipha yobuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liqukethe zemicu kunobuciko ukuzwela Imicu yotshani autonomic, okuyinto lokulawula umsebenzi salivary nezindlala lacrimal. Secondary XI ezinzwa ulawula imisebenzi kohlobo oluthile kwemisipha. Nge ukuhlulwa kwakhe livela paresis noma ukukhubazeka kwemisipha. Odlule, hypoglossal ezinzwa XII elihlobene ne nemisipha yolimi. Uma ukwephula yalo msebenzi emsipheni waphawula izivimbelo ukuhamba ulimi phambili kanye nokusuka yayo eceleni ethintekile. Manifest yoma kwemisipha, ubuhlungu olimi, fibrillar ukudikiza.

umsebenzi ezixutshiwe nezinzwa cranial usebenze V, IX, futhi X ngazimbili. Okwesihlanu, emsipheni trigeminal elawula imisipha ukuhlafuna futhi inikeza nozwela umuntu. Glossopharyngeal (IX) ezinzwa unesibopho ukunambitheka salivating futhi isimo emphinjeni kanye nolimi. Vagus (X) ezinzwa inikeza ukuzwela izingxenye ezingemuva ngomlomo ingaphakathi, umphimbo kanye pharynx. Yena unesibopho ukusebenza imisipha. Cranial nezinzwa X ngazimbili parasympathetic ukunikeza ubuhlobo izitho zangaphakathi.

Uma sithinta emsipheni trigeminal, kukhona ubuhlungu ukuhlaselwa abukhali uhlamvu neuralgic ezindaweni ezifanele ebusweni. Basuke ephelezelwa ububomvu kanye Ukubhidliza. Esikhathini pair zokugula IX wezwa ubuhlungu emphinjeni, kukhona nenkinga yokugwinya, wazibona ukunambitheka disorder, amathe siyabhubha. Lapho kunqotshwa emsipheni vagus kukhona ngeziphambeko kwezitho zangaphakathi. Nge izilonda zamazwe amabili waphawula singagwinyi sifo, acinene ithoni izwi, ubuhlungu auricle. ukwephulwa okunjalo njalo ephelezelwa Izibikezelo ezinzima.