Highland Dagestan: imvelo, ukukhululeka, izinkinga zemvelo

Elinye lamaRiphabliki ahle kakhulu eRussian Federation yiDagestan. Leli gama lavela ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa futhi lisho "izwe lezintaba". Leli lizwe lezinqolobane, ekhoneni lemvelo emangalisayo.

I-Dagestan ehlukahlukene

Indawo ye-Highland Dagestan iyintaba yasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeCaucasus naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe laseCaspian. Lona yiyona ingxenye engxenyeni enkulu yeYurophu yaseRussia. Ubude buyi-400 km ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. I-latitude ingaba ngu-200 km. Imigqa yasogwini yeCaspian ilula ngo-530 km. Umngcele weRiphabhulikhi imifula emibili : iKuma (enyakatho) neSamur (eningizimu). Isibalo sabantu abaningi futhi sinezizwe eziningi.

Insimu ngokwayo ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu, izici zemvelo zazo ezihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. I-51% ye-republic yonke iphansi. Amantombazane asenyakatho-ntshonalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga, ahlukaniswe ngamabhodlela nezigodi, athatha u-12% futhi abizwa ngokuthi yi-foothill. I-Highland Dagestan ingu-37% we-republic. Insimu enentaba - ukuguqulwa kusuka emikhawulweni emikhulu kuya ezinqabeni ezincane, ezifinyelela kumamitha angu-2500.

I-Arc Dagestan

Cishe isigamu se-republic sinendawo yezintaba. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi iningi lalo liyizintaba zasemaphandleni. Kunezintaba ezingaphezu kuka-30 eziye zawela umugqa wamamitha angu-4000. Futhi inqwaba yezintaba, amamitha ayo cishe afinyelele kuloluphawu. Indawo yonke yezintaba i-25,500 km2. Ngakho-ke, ukuphakama okuvamile kwe-republic kuyinto ngamamitha angu-960 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Intaba ephakeme kakhulu yiBazarduziu, ukuphakama kwayo kungu-4466 m.

Amadwala, isisekelo sezintaba, ahlukaniswa ngokucacile yizifunda. Ama-shales omnyama nobumba, ama-dolominzed kanye ne-alkaline lamestones, ama-sandstones atholakala kakhulu. Isiqhwa seqhwa, iBoos noShab ibhuloho.

Izintaba ezinamamitha angu-225 ubude ziqhekeza emgodini ojikelezayo, ngaleyo ndlela zakha udonga lwamatshe olufaka i-Dagestan yangaphakathi. Kukhona lapho umkhumbi omkhulu wezihambeli zezihambi.

Imigwaqo yezokuvakasha yeDagestan idabula ezintabeni, eziyihlobiso zesifunda. Iziqongo ezimibalabala, imigwaqo evelele, igridi yemifudlana yezintaba kanye nokudlulela kuzo zonke izigaba zinkimbinkimbi yizindawo eziyinhloko zokuhambela abagibeli.

Indawo yesimo sezulu sezintaba

Isimo sezwe sase-republic sincike endaweni yomhlabathi. Indawo, lapho ubude ngaphezu kwezinga elwandle lingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000, intaba. Le ndawo isendaweni engaba ngu-40% yendawo yonke ye-republic. Naphezu kwemehluko ebusweni, isimo sezulu singathiwa yi-Continental continental.

I-Dagestan ephakeme kakhulu yezintaba ibhekene nezinguquko ezishisayo zokushisa ezinkomba eziqhathaniswa nezwe eliphansi. Ezingeni zamamitha angu-3000, izinga lokushisa aliphakamisi ngaphezu kwe-0 ° C phakathi nonyaka. Inyanga ebanda kunazo zonke ngoJanuwari, ububanzi bayo buyingxenye -4 ° C kuya ku -7 ° C. Ayikho iqhwa elikhulu, kodwa likwazi ukumboza umhlabathi unyaka wonke. Inyanga efudumele ngu-Agasti. Uhlobo olubanda lubandayo phezulu kodwa lufudumala ezigodini.

Imvula ayifani. Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi, ingxenye enkulu yemvula iyawa. Ngokuvamile ukuduma kwezulu. Izikhukhula zingabambezeleka isikhathi samasonto ambalwa. Izikhukhula zigcwalisa imifula, futhi zidiliza amabhuloho futhi zihlanza izindlela.

Uhlelo lomfula

Ukukhululeka kweDagestan yezintaba kwafaka isandla ekuveleni kwenethiwekhi enamandla kakhulu yemifula. Endaweni engu-50 270 km² kunemifula engaba ngu-6255. Kodwa lapha kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi iningi lazo lide ubude obungaphezu kuka-10 km. I-Highland Dagestan yanikeza imifula emibili enkulu kunazo zonke e-republic. I-Sulak iphuma ezintabeni enyakatho, neSamur - eningizimu.

Abantu abahlukahlukene bavame ukubiza amaSulak "ngamanzi ezimvu" noma "abanenkani". Ubude bayo buyi-169 km. Lo ngumnikazi wezinkulu kunazo zonke eRussia canyon. Ubude bayo buyi-50 km. Ukujula okuphezulu kunamamitha angu-1920. I-Samur yayibizwa ngokuthi "umfula we-Chevecher." Lona ngumfula wesibili we-Dagestan. Ubude bayo buyi-213 km.

Ngokuvamile, u-92% wemifula yonke intaba, ama-8% asele asezindaweni eziphansi nasezintabeni. I-flow rate velocity yi-1-2 m / s. Emanzini aphezulu, ijubane landa. Imifula igcwala amanzi amaningi. Ngaphandle komfula uGulgerychay.

Imifula ngayinye ingokwesitsha seCaspian, kodwa kuphela okungama-20 kuwo awela olwandle. Ngaphambi kweCaspian, ama-deltas akhiwa, ashintshe isiqondiso sabo njalo ngonyaka.

Ingcebo yesifunda sezintaba

I-dagestan ihlukaniswe ngamabhande amathathu, okuyilowo nalowo unezici zayo.

Izintaba ezisezintabeni zindawo yesikhova kanye nenhlabathi yehlathi. Emagqumeni amaningi nasemithambekeni kukhona i-chernozem entabeni. Kunamazwe asezintabeni, emahlathini nasemahlathini.

Izindawo eziphansi zisetshenziselwa ukulima. Indawo yezintaba igcwele amasimu amahlathi (angaphezu kuka-10%). Ihlathi lakhiwa ama-oki. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu yehlathi elincane le-beech-hornbeam. Ezingaphakathi kunezihlahla ze-birch neziphayini. I-Plateau - idlelo lezimvu. Ingxenye encane kakhulu yezintaba yiziqongo. Ama-mosses abandayo kuphela nama-lichen ahlala khona.

Izilwane zasendle zeDagestan yezintaba zihlukile. Le nsimu yakhiwe uhambo lweDagestan, ibhere elimnyama elimnyama, inyamazane ehloniphekile yaseCaucasia, inyamazane, imbuzi ye-bezoar nezingwe. Abacwaningi abaningi bamangala emhlabeni wezinyoni. I-Ulars, iKeklik, i-Alpine jackdaws nezinkozi zibona ukuthi iziqhingi ziba yindawo engcono kakhulu yokuphila.

Ecology kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo

Ukuziqhenya kwalesi sifundazwe kungumthombo wemvelo nemvelo yamapaki. Njalo ngonyaka amasimu amaningi angaphansi kokuvikelwa kukahulumeni. Ingcebo yezwe idinga ukuvikelwa nokunakekelwa. Ukuze kugcinwe i-flora nezilwane eziyingqayizivele umsebenzi oyinhloko weziphathimandla zamanje.

Kodwa namuhla kunezinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo ze-Dagestan yezintaba. Imithombo engcolile kakhulu yamanzi okuphuza. Ukulimala kuletha umsebenzi wesintu. Ngesinye isikhathi imifula ehlanzekile igonywa entabeni yemfucuza yasendlini. Ukulimala okuncane kungeniswa ukwebiwa kwamaminerali nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Imoya ingcolile yizimboni kanye namafemu. Uhlelo olubi lokulahla udoti.

Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke kulezi zindawo ezinhle kakhulu isimo sengqondo sokunganaki kwezakhamuzi zendawo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi yonke i-Dagestan isendaweni yezintaba. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okungahleliwe kuholela ekutheni imithambeka ibhujiswa. Njalo ngonyaka, inqubo yokukhukhula yanda. Ngakho-ke, izwe lingashintsha ngokuphelele ukubukeka kwalo noma liphele ngokuphelele.