Iziqondiso zokuphatha kanye nezomthetho

imithetho yokuqondisa ungumhleli onegunya isimo umyalelo (kuphoqelekile). Basuke ngibopha futhi babe inhlangano kwesakhiwo. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa umthetho zokuphatha sihlinzekela umthethonqubo ekuxhumaneni komphakathi okuyingxenye uhlamvu zokuphatha. Lobu budlelwano akhiwa emikhakheni lehlukene imphilo yesive.

iziqondiso zokuphatha kanye nezomthetho benezingane eziningi izici. Ngakho, zonke lezi ziqondiso olufanele abhekwa uhlobo amalungiselelo angokomthetho. Njengoba into control isicelo umthetho zokuphatha kukhona ubudlelwane ethize zokuphatha. isikhundla kuhlongozwe kuyizindlela yokukhuluma (ukuqaliswa) we umphakathi emkhakheni yokuphathwa komphakathi.

iziqondiso zokuphatha kanye nezomthetho uzaqiniswa yi ogunyaziwe zikahulumeni, amahhovisi kahulumeni wasekhaya, ukuphathwa izinhlangano, izikhungo kanye namabhizinisi.

Izinhlinzeko okukhulunywa afakiwe isakhiwo izenzo zomthetho, wanika amandla ezahlukene ezingokomthetho. Lezi zenzo zihlanganisa, isibonelo, imithetho, iziqondiso.

Yonke imithetho zokuphatha endowed ummeleli-esibophezelayo, inqobo izinyathelo ezikhethekile sesifunda nokuphoqwa. Injongo ukudalwa la malungiselelo - balondoloze inqubo nezokuphatha kunesidingo. Ezithile izinhlobo umthetho zokuphatha esetshenziswa alawule ekuxhumaneni komphakathi okuyingxenye ayisihloko neminye imikhakha zomthetho (kwemvelo, umhlaba, zezimali, ukusebenza, njll).

Isakhiwo izikhundla kubhekwe kuyinto Sakhiwo sangekhatsi, izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi exhunywe ngokunengqondo. Izingxenye iziqondiso zokuphatha kanye zomthetho zihlanganisa:

1. Hypothesis. Le ngxenye libhekisela izimo kumiswa iqala ngaphansi okufanele isebenze isikhundla (evamile).
2. Ilungele isimo esithile. Le ngxenye equkethe imithetho ethize setha (wabikezela) ukuziphatha control abahlanganyeli.
3. Imvume. Lo msuka icacisa nemiphumela okuyinto kuphakama ayephuli dispositions.

Phakathi izinhlobo ezinkulu umthetho zokuphatha kumele ezigqanyisiwe:

1. Ngokuhambisana kuncike wesi: neziqinile futhi zenqubo. Esimweni sokuqala, amalungiselelo baqinise ngesimo esingokomthetho ubudlelwane nokuphathwa ngqo alawule kubo. imithetho ngokwenqubo ichaze oda nemibandela ukugcwaliseka amalungiselelo neziqinile.
2. Ngokuhambisana imisebenzi: zokulawula, zokuzivikela. kwamazinga zokulawula alawule omuhle (inhloso) ukuphathwa ukuxhumana. hlinzeka Avikelayo ezihlobene isivikelo okuphephile.
3. Ngokuhambisana indlela yokulawulwa zomthetho: saziso, inkomba, discretionary, isisusa. imithetho okuphoqelekile ihlanganise lokho okufanele ukwenze categorical, izidingo ezihlobene samuntu ukuziphatha ngaphakathi emkhakheni ukuphathwa. hlinzeka discretionary ukunikeza ukuziphatha ukukhetha, ngokuvumelana okunye zomthetho ethulwa. imithetho Isincomo liyasho ukunikela efaneleka kakhulu (ngempumelelo) indlela yokuxazulula le noma inkinga. izinqubomgomo Isisusa wawuhlanganisa nezinyathelo ekhuthazayo esebenza ekusebenzisaneni wabahlanganyeli esimweni izenzo iyafaneleka.
4. Ngokuhambisana okuqukethwe iziqondiso: iyakwenqabela okudinga, ayinikele amalungelo. Owokuqala uqukethe imikhawulo zomthetho ku ekusebenziseni imisebenzi ethile emkhakheni yokuphathwa komphakathi. Ubopha amalungiselelo fixed neembopho ubuhlobo amaqembu linqume ukuziphatha okuthile. Iqembu yokugcina kuhlanganisa kwezinkambiso eqinisekisa amalungelo subjective amaqembu ekuhlanganyeleni. Ngakho-ke uzwakalise ukuthi kungenzeka umuntu ukuze bafeze imisebenzi ngokubona kwayo ngaphakathi zohlaka izidingo.