Kangakanani luhlolo abantu abasaphila. luhlolo Forensic wezokwelapha: imithetho

Ukuhlola abantu abahlala kwenziwa ucwaningo yezakhamuzi ngoba ukulimala emzimbeni. inqubo enjalo wenziwa, njengoba umthetho, ukuze acacise izimo lokuziphatha okubi. Examination angaqokwa yinkantolo noma elinye igunya elikhethekile. Kwezinye izimo, le nqubo wenziwa ngaphansi kokucindezelwa. Cabangela eminye imininingwane imithetho ukuhlolwa.

Uhlolojikelele

Izakhamizi ukuhlolwa wenziwa esikhungweni wezokwelapha ezikhethekile. luhlolo Okuningi ngokucophelela abantu, ucwaningo izingubo wenza laboratories forensic. Inqubo wenziwa ngosuku emva ubugebengu. Kulokhu, ochwepheshe singakwazi ukubona amaqiniso ebalulekile ukubaluleka nobufakazi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubugebengu kufanele wageza emzimbeni kwenzeke izinqubo okuzivuselela. Ngakho-ke, lapho ngihlolwa ngemva kwanoma iyiphi inkathi kuba engeke asebenze.

injongo inqubo

Gxila luhlolo kungaba ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene. Injongo inqubo kungaba ukuhlonza "izimpawu ezikhethekile" umsolwa (Tattoos, izibazi nokunye.), Izitekhi secala, ukulimala. Ngokuvamile afeze survey isimo ukudakwa utshwala. Ngesikhathi inqubo, uchwepheshe wembula khona imihuzuko, ukulimala kanye nezinye iminonjana ezibonisa umonakalo empilweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-laboratory yase-luhlolo forensic linayo evumela ukusungula uhlobo izikhali, kanye okuye yokulinyazwa. Ngesikhathi inqubo, ngokuvamile ngaphansi wokuhlola kanye izingubo civil.

Nemisebenzi nezibopho

Inqubo wenza udokotela forensic. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlola, enesibopho niyikhulume yemfanelo nezibopho sabantu abathintekayo. Leli phuzu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa, ikakhulukazi uma ucwaningo zezisulu. Iqiniso lokuthi izakhamizi ngokuvamile zama ukwethula ukulimala ambalwa ifomu nehaba, ukwandisa isijeziso ngomoni noma uthole isaphulelo ezindleleni zokwelapha. Kule ndaba, udokotela kufanele uchaze degree of umthwalo futhi uchaze ngemiphumela engase yezenzo ezinjalo.

Owenza inqubo?

Ukudlula inhlolovo kungaba ngenxa ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo. Ngokwesibonelo, inhlolo-vo isakhamuzi kwenziwe maqondana nalapho kwenziwa umzamo nokubulala. Kulokhu, inqubo eyenziwa ngumuntu uchwepheshe wezokwelapha. Inhloso yalo oyisazi ukuthola imikhondo ubugebengu. Kwezinye izimo, luhlolo yabantu abaphilayo Kwenziwa umseshi. Nokho, isisebenzi singakwazi kuphela ukubuka izandla nobuso. Ukuze ukuhlola izingxenye lonke umzimba okudinga iqhaza udokotela. ngihlolwa ingqondo yabantu abaphilayo wenziwa udokotela abanekhono. Kufanele bakhethe amanye isipiliyoni yalo msebenzi ukuba nesimiso tight futhi ukunquma ngokunembile isimo yisakhamuzi.

Ukwenqaba zihlolwe

Kaningi wenziwa ngihlolwa abashayeli. Le nqubo kuyadingeka ukusungula khona emzimbeni kotshwala ezisalayo. ngihlolwa for ukudakwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngqo endaweni yeziboshwa. Traffic amaphoyisa abe nezinto ezidingekayo ukuze ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. Inqubo kwenziwa, uma kwakukhona ukungabaza mayelana amaphoyisa ukulinganisela isakhamuzi ngubani ngesikhathi beshayela. Kwezinye izimo, le isibotjhwa umelana. Iphoyisa unelungelo lokusebenzisa amandla ukuphoqelela luhlolo utshwala. Nokho, lokhu isilinganiso ubhekwa ngesikhathi.

ukudlula ukuhlolwa

Ukuhlolwa ngokuvamile iqala nge enoboya ikhanda ndawo. Kulesi ingxenye microparticles angahlala sihluke yesehlakalo. Ukuhlola abantu abahlala kuhambisana ukuhlolwa indlebe yeNayile nazo emakhaleni. Zingase uthuli samanje futhi microparticulate. Nge izindawo uzifunde ngokucophelela ngaphansi izinzipho. Kungase kube izinhlayiya samanje ophilayo izicubu omonile, izinwele kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo azithathe, okuzokwenza ukusungula umsolwa. Ihlola izandla, njengoba kungase kwenzeke imihuzuko, iminonjana izikhali, izilonda, nemivimbo. Ukuhlola abantu abahlala Kwenziwa ngaphandle iqhaza lofakazi. Nokho, lo mseshi, unelungelo ukuze ubameme uma kunesidingo. Umthetho lilinganiselwe. Ikakhulukazi, uma ucwaningo izisulu kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza esimweni ukuchayeka kudinga kwabo, lo mseshi kungavunyelwe khona phakathi naleyo nqubo. Ukuhlolwa Inqubo elisungulwe Art. 181 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure. Emva inqubo, uphrothokholi (esihlokweni sakhe presents isampula). Surveys ezibhekwa izinqubo ezibalulekile kakhulu futhi kudingekile ngokuhamba kwecala.

izizathu

Izizathu ezivamile inikezwa luhlolo, zihlanganisa:

• Ukunqunywa ukulimala: komkhawulo, isimo futhi zaba namandla, degree of nokulahlekelwa umthamo jikelele umsebenzi, lo mshini nesenzakalo, uhlobo isikhali, izimbangela zazo.
• Ukusungulwa ngamacala ucansi nemibandela impikiswano: ukuthomba, ubulili kweqiniso, ababekade contact, ukukhulelwa, ikhono ngokobulili, livelile isisu nokubeletha, amathuba ukudlwengula.
• Incazelo ngoba esolwa infliction ngenhloso umonakalo empilweni noma ushintsho emvelweni yayo: sekulingisa, impilo jikelele, eyayenziwe cuphuluza sifo, okubi kakhulu, ukuzilimaza (ukuzilimaza).
• Ukusungula ungubani umuntu, ubudala.

inhlolovo Imiphumela

Basuke kubonelelwe kwecala on icala. Ukuphetha, uchwepheshe kumele ibe incazelo yazo zonke ezikhonjwe izilonda, imiphumela cwaningo. Uma ubheka idokhumenti ingubo kufakwe incazelo izici futhi imikhondo ubugebengu. Uzakwenzelwa ngemvume ngokuqondile onguchwepheshe. Ukuhlolwa imiphumela zidluliselwa kumuntu, wabulawa yisinqumo. Emva inqubo, izakhamuzi ukuhlinzeka ukwelashwa ezidingekayo.

ahlolwe kahle emzimbeni

Kunezikhathi lapho luhlolo eyodwa kuphela akwanele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isakhamuzi asitholayo ukuhlolwa ephelele. Ibizwa ngokuthi lapho ngihlolwa forensic. Uma le nqubo wenziwa esigulini esingalalisiwe esibhedlela ngaphandle iqhaza lo mseshi, udokotela kufanele abone ipasipoti isakhamuzi noma enye idokhumenti, lapho kukhona isithombe sakhe negama. Lezi idatha ahlelwe nasesiphethweni. Phakathi luhlolo ingase uchwepheshe esizwa ochwepheshe. Uma kudingekile, futhi wenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ne nolunye uvivinyo. Phakathi luhlolo, uchwepheshe uthola labo noma eminye imininingwane ngalesi sigameko, ngezimo sigameko, uma kufaneleka nezindaba uzibhekisa.

incazelo Izici

Phakathi inhlolovo zonke izilonda zinezikhathi ngokwehlukile. Incazelo kubonisa kwasendaweni, ukungcola ekhona kanye nezinye izici. Kahle ukuphrofayela evumela ukuba owakho umbono wabonisana ngokuphathelene ukuvumelana futhi okubangela komkhawulo, ukwakheka ibingekho, Isimo eyisihlobo owoniwe nowonile ngesikhathi isicelo, nokunye.

I degree of kobukhulu

Ngenxa yokulimala siqu kwezokwelapha forensic izenzo umonakalo empilweni, okuyinto waveza ephula imisebenzi bokuphila kwezitho, izinhlelo nezicubu, ubuqotho yokwakheka ngaphansi kwethonya iziphi izici zangaphandle. Ukuze ubone ukuthi uhlobo ukulimala wokuhlola ngempela kwenziwa. Kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, luhlolo kwenziwa imibhalo etholakalayo. Ngaphambi ukunquma kobukhulu umonakalo, onguchwepheshe ukuzixazulula eziningi nezinye izinkinga. Bona ikakhulukazi zithinta umonakalo uhlamvu uqobo (isilonda, nemihuzuko, a ilimaze, baphale, njll), ikakhulukazi ukuvela kwabo, ukunqunywa isicelo sabo, njalo njalo. On kanjani lezi zinkinga kuzoncika ukusungulwa kobukhulu kahle ziyaxazululwa.

ukulandelana

Uhlobo kanye umonakalo Kumiswa ngokuhamba luhlolo. Ngokusho la izinkomba, uchwepheshe inquma lizinga yingozi empilweni isisulu ngesikhathi isicelo. Uma kunqunywa ukuthi umonakalo usongo, khona-ke kungokwalabo esigabeni zobugebengu ethuneni. Imiphumela yako awukwazi kuthinte ukuzimisela degree. Uma umonakalo ubelokhu eqashelwa njengoba ezisongela ukuphila, it is kunqunywa ubukhulu bemiphumela. Okutholakele, okuzokwenza onguchwepheshe, kumelwe babe abacabangelayo. Kulokhu, lo dokotela iyadingeka ukuze ubonise ekuphetheni ngalo izici futhi izinhlinzeko zoMthetho wamaZinga Regulation wakhonza njengesisekelo ziqu of umonakalo ezikhona.

Ukusungula isimo sempilo

Isidingo nenchazelo kuphakama ezimweni lapho abantu abagunyaziwe ungabaza e ikhono isisulu noma omunye obambe iqhaza kwi tigameko ubone okwenzekayo, ukunikeza incazelo enembile njengoba kuye ngezimo. Ukuzihlola okunjalo uqokwa nalapho isisulu, ubufakazi noma omunye umuntu uyenqaba ukuba abe khona ecaleni ngenxa yempilo ebuthaka. Imicimbi yalolu hlobo, ngenxa umklamo wawo, lwenziwa ikhomishini ngokuqondile abasafufusa. Bakhangwa ahlolisise ongoti abaqeqeshiwe. Lapho isidingo tesifundvo ibekwe esibhedlela. Ngokuhamba inhlolovo eyenziwa kokuhlaziya idatha ezihlobene ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa yisifo. Ikakhulu, uhlola emitholampilo ukucinga indikimba yendaba, izikhalazo, ulwazi kusuka ekhona amarekhodi zezokwelapha, nokunye.

ukukhubazeka

Umbuzo ka nenchazelo, ngokuvamile kwenzeka uma umqalisi usolwa umonakalo impahla kwezimangalo umonakalo substrate ezibhekwa kubazali mayelana nokuvalelwa izingane, izingane zabazali ekhubazekile noma ogulayo, nokunye. Ukunqunywa ukulahlekelwa okwesikhashana ikhono lokufeza imisebenzi professional eyenziwa ukulawula yezokwelapha ikhomishana, imitholampilo Ochwepheshe nasezibhedlela.

Definition of AIDS

Inqubo kwalolu hlobo ngokuvamile eyenziwa kule nkambo kwamacala ezidlwenguliwe. ukungcoliswa ngamabomu noma ukudala enye inhlangano izingozi ezinjalo Kuyicala. Igciwane itholakala lomzimba we isisulu (ngamathe, igazi, isidoda). Lapho inhlolovo idwetshwa ezithathelwanayo udokotela isifo. Uma kudingeka, kungase kubangelwe bacteriologist.

Ukucwiya futhi Awokuzenzisa

Njengomthetho, lolu hlobo okwenziwa maqondana nabantu abenza bakwazi ukuphunyula inkonzo. izakhamuzi okunjalo ebhekene necala lobugebengu ukwehluleka ukwenza empini. Uma ukungabaza mayelana nemvelo yokufakelwa lesi sifo umuntu kuncike esibhedlela. Isikhungo sakho sezokwelapha ihlelwe ngu okwashiwo ashukumisayo isiguli. Ukuhlolwa eyenziwa ephaneleni odokotela abaningana. Ngokubona kwayo, esebonisa isifo Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi zibangele izimpawu nokukhomba ukuthi uhlamvu yayo yokufakelwa.

engu-ukusungulwa

Isidingo walolu hlobo kuphakama lapho azikho amadokhumenti ukuhlonza isakhamuzi. Ubudala ukuzimisela ungowenani ekuletheni ukuba umthwalo kwabancane futhi kwamanye amacala. Kufanele ukuthi le ndoda endala, kuya kuba nzima nakakhulu ukusungula indlela endala nguye. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinsaneni ubudala nokuzimisela Kwenziwa nge ukunemba engafinyelela kwengu-1 enyangeni, intsha -. 1-2 kweminyaka, abadala - kuze iminyaka 5, izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kwezingu-50 - kufike ku 5-10 kweminyaka. Phakathi Ukuhlola nezingane kubhekelwe ngaphansi kwezici eziningana. Ikakhulu, uyakucabangela isisindo, ubude, ubukhulu izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, kuyilapho kuqhuma, ushintsho, lizinga bafake amazinyo. Kusemqoka futhi izici eziphathelene ukuthomba (ukubukeka izinwele udebe eliphezulu, pubis, emakhwapheni, ibala lesikhumba, umthondo kanye scrotum, ekuqaleni umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uwubufakazi nokunye.). Ngezinye ubudala amadala, ucabangela izici ezifana kobukhulu imibimbi, degree of kuyaqina kwesembozo nokunye. ekunqumeni yobudala-X-ray luhlolo wenziwa. It ikuvumela ukukhomba izinguquko morphological emathanjeni.

Ukunquma ucansi ithi

Isidingo sokuba inqubo ekuqhubeni ezifana kuphakama njengoba lobugebengu kanye zemibango. Kwezinye izimo, isakhiwo se-Izitho zangasese zangaphandle akuhambisani Noma yibaphi abesilisa noma uhlobo besifazane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona ezihlukahlukene ukukhubazeka yokwakheka e kwesikhathi sombungu. Ezimweni ezingavamile Hermaphroditism (androgyny) kungenziwa agibele amahhashi. Ekunqumeni ubulili langempela kunakwe iqoqo izinkomba. Kucatshangelwe imvamisa zokwehlukaniswa, amaphupho ezimanzi, degree of ukuthambekela, izici kwesakhiwo izitho zobulili, isimo izimpawu yesibili, umsebenzi kwesimiso sokuzala iyonke. Ukusungulwa kweziGungu zofuzo ubulili ukuzimisela Kwenziwa chromosome isethi.

ubuqotho ngokocansi

nenchazelo lubaluleke ngayiphi uphenyo zobugebengu nocansi. Ukusungulwa bobuntombi, izimpawu ucansi kufanele zibe labafanelekako isinyathelo juvenile ukudlwengula, kuyilapho cohabiting nge ezincane. Examination ezimweni ezinjalo iqhutshwa khona abantu lwesithathu kusukela abasebenzi bezokwelapha. Ngaphambi kokwenza Ochwepheshe ukuhlolwa zifakazelwa ku ubuqiniso ngamunye kwemibhalo.

ikhono nocansi

ukusungulwa yabo ubhekwa inqubo ngempela ezingavamile. Njengomthetho, kudingeka ukuchaza wekhono lokuba nobuhlobo bobulili futhi umsebenzi umsebenzi zokuzala kwenzeka uphenyo okudlwengula, ukucabangela izicelo ukondla obushade naye emuva kwesehlukaniso, ekuhlakazekeni komshado. Ukuzihlola okunjalo umiselwa futhi ekunqumeni kobukhulu ukulimala eholele kulokhu ukulahlekelwa la makhono.

Izici ezivivinyweni amacala okuhlukumeza ngokocansi

Ngo phakathi kokwahlulela yezokwelapha wezazi ukudlwengula uphendula imibuzo elandelayo:

• Ingabe isisulu engalali ubuntombi futhi isikhathi eside kangakanani?
• Zikhona izimpawu sobuhlobo bobulili?
• Yaba yini imiphumela ngemva kokuya ocansini?
• Ingabe kukhona ukulimala emzimbeni, lokho uhlamvu yabo, ukubukeka indlela, kwasendaweni, kanzima isikhathi?

Ngaphezu ukwephula ubuqotho yokwakheka amashidi imbilapho, phezu ngocansi izobonisa:

• Ezithathelwana ngocansi ukutheleleka isebenze isibunu.
• Ukuba khona isidoda e sangasese.
• Ukukhulelwa isikhathi kuvumelana kokudlwengulwa isikhathi komkhawulo.

Futhi kule izingubo ethintekile zingaletha amathrekhi ahlukile microparticles. Njengoba for umonakalo, umzimba kungenzeka imihuzuko samanje, imihuzuko, ukusikeka kanye nezinye izimpawu umzabalazo yowesifazane umdlwenguli. Indawo yabo kanye nesimo eqhathaniswa ubufakazi bowesifazane ngezimo yengozi.

isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwezisulu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphenyweni kwamacala obugebengu nasekubhekiseni izimangalo zomphakathi. Inkambiso esifike ngesikhathi, incazelo enembile ebhaliwe yomonakalo ikuvumela ukuba unqume ngokuqiniseka izinga lokuqina kwawo. Ngokwesisekelo sokwaziswa okutholiwe, inkantolo yakha umbono, ngokusho ukuthi isungula kanjani isijeziso, yenza isinqumo esithile kulolu cala.