Kwesosha - ubani lo? Ngubani kwesosha futhi siyini isimo salo international?

Kwasukasukela eYurophu yayenzelwe wamabutho imbangi yafinyelela endle bese unquma imibuzo ubani ophethe, ogama indawo futhi ababenza ezinye zezombusazwe "Yimpi." Kodwa ngenkathi izinduna eziningi waqasha okuthiwa ruterov ezaziphanga abulala abantu ngaphandle imithetho, futhi Knights babe okuthiwa abangenacala. Ngakho-ke, kuye kwaba nemibuzo ephakanyiswayo mayelana nokuthi ubani ongaba nje ukulwa izimpi, njengoba labo bantu kufanele ngokuthi. Ngakho igama elithi "kwesosha" yavela. Igama livela kithi kusukela isiFulentshi, ke lasho umuntu uhileleke ngokuqondile kunoma iziphi izinxushunxushu ngezikhali ezandleni zabo.

Bobani zamasosha

Abantu abanjalo baye ekhona, kodwa ngesimo esingokomthetho ekhethekile atholwe esanda kutholakala. Lokhu kwenzeke ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule, ngo-1907, lapho amukela le okuthiwa Okwesine Hague Convention. Kulomuzi Dutch, lapho, ngokwemfundiso yesiko, asebenzelana ngayo ezindabeni eziningi ezibalulekile international, inkomfa ekhethekile owawuse.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngempela inkulumo mpikiswano eside futhi acrimonious, abahlanganyeli abavumile bodwa nenqubo ngawo kungenzeka amasosha zamabutho ezilwayo ngokuthi ngendlela ekhethekile. Ngakho zamasosha komthetho wamazwe omhlaba - iyona abantu abahilelekile zinqobe, kodwa luhluke namanye amaqembu abasebenzisa izindlela zobudlova.

Imininingwane kanye netintfo letehlukile

Yiqiniso, kulolu hlobo lokulwa kwamasosha olusemthethweni. Kodwa njengoba ezempi ziqhutshwa hhayi kuphela wamabutho njalo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zonke izinhlobo nabezempi by, kwanqunywa ukuthi zamasosha ayini. Ngenxa yalesi amabutho sokuzithandela kumele afinyelele izimfuneko ezithile. Okokuqala, kufanele ube induna ngubani banesibophezelo sezenzo zabo. Kufanele abe ezinye zezimpawu evelela noma kwindlela kuyoba kucace ukuthi amasosha hhayi nezakhamuzi. Futhi laba bantu kufanele bagqoke isikhali obala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uhambisane nomthetho zezenhlalakahle ekuziphatheni ezempi, kanye ezempi njalo.

Lokho uncika zamasosha

Phela, inani ezinjalo "fighters neyaziwayo" Ungafaka nezakhamuzi ayeseqhuba izingalo ngenxa ehlasela okungazelelwe yebutho isitha, uma amabutho njalo akazange ukuphatha ukuvikela le nsimu futhi Ushiye amayunithi abo lapho. Kodwa kumelwe nazo zonke nalezi zindlela ezingenhla. Nokho, izakhamuzi zamazwe e-eyaba ilungu Protocol Okokuqala ukuze izivumelwano ezenziwa eGeneva ka-1948, akubange kusadingeka ngiwuphuze ukugqoka okuwuphawu. Nokho, ezinye izidingo, kufaka phakathi Ukuthwala evulekile izikhali, ukuze uhlangothi ukuthi ubani ukudubula, ukuhlala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kwesosha - umuntu ngokuzithandela azichaye ubungozi kwalimala noma abulawe. Endabeni ka bamba yizitha, ufanelwe ukuba Pow isimo. Futhi ubhekane naso kufanele, ngokulandelana.

Uma sikhuluma pilot lempi, ukuthi akuvumelekile ukudubula uma umhlaba ngezindiza ezincane kusuka izindiza ababeke, bese kufanele ucele sokunikela.

kwesosha Ngafaka futhi unprivileged

Lokhu umahluko phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukene fighters esekelwe elandelayo: ngenkathi belwa de empeleni waba, de jure amaqembu abantu athize singase singahlangabezani nenqubo ye-Hague Convention. Ngokwesibonelo, uma amasosha noma abezempi esingu iziboshwa, baqothulwa umthetho zezenhlalakahle kwalimala noma kwephule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhloli, amasosha, ubani angawi ngaphansi izigaba ezingenhla eziyinkokhelo zamasosha unprivileged. umthetho International idinga ukuthi uma kwenzeka ukuthi singabaza lokho okuqondwe lokulwa ngeyomuntu, okokuqala eziqukethwe isiboshwa sempi, bese-ke enquma isiphetho inkantolo ekhethekile.

Yini ulindele kwesosha?

It kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. Protocol engeziwe ukuze izivumelwano ezenziwa eGeneva ka 1977 inikeza isimo zamasosha elwa amaqembu, ngisho noma amandla noma igunya akuyona ngokomthetho amaqembu alwayo. Ukuze fighters kakhulu isimo obhekene, noma okungenani umyalo wakhe. Inikeza kuye ilungelo ukubulala kanye ukudubula ukubulala, kodwa akanawo ilungelo oda ukuba zingqubuzana nemithetho impi kanye namalungelo esintu.

Zamasosha ngokuthi muva nje kuphela kubahlanganyeli ukungqubuzana ngamazwe, kodwa futhi abameleli isandla yizilwi nesidlubulundayo, uma sikhuluma izinkinga sangaphakathi ezweni elilodwa. Kodwa kulokhu kufanele athobele zomthetho. Ngokuqondene zamasosha unprivileged, basuke ivikelwe esiThathu naweSine Geneva Imihlangano. Kufanele bakulindele ubulungiswa fair.

Ngobani-non-zamasosha

Ngokuphambene nalokho okukholelwa yiningi, ukuthi akukhona kuphela abazihlelele nezakhamuzi. Zamasosha kanye non-zamasosha -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, umehluko phakathi kwabantu abangeyona emabuthweni ahlomile (akubalulekile kangako, njalo noma ivolontiya), kodwa hhayi ukulwa uqobo. Laba bantu bangenza ukukhonza impi, ukuba okwenziwa yizintatheli, abameli, abefundisi, kodwa akazange iqhaza empini. Bona abavunyelwe ukusebenzisa izikhali ngenhloso yokuzivikela. Ngakho-ke, umthetho wamazwe omhlaba zezenhlalakahle unqabela abenze Okuqondiwe isinyathelo sezempi, ngaphandle ezimweni lapho bona sebeqala ujoyine ukulwa futhi ulahlekelwe isimo sabo. Uma zivalelwa, awayona iziboshwa zempi. ukubulala kwawo kuyicala wokulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu.

Ngokuba non-zamasosha nazo abantu abangekho de fighters jure, kodwa akazange iqhaza izimpi. States ukuthi awuzange izibophezele zonke kudingeka ukuze ithobele zezenhlalakahle umthetho izivumelwano ezifana Rome Statute-International Criminal Court ngeke ziphoqelelwe ukuba, okungenani, hhayi-non-zamasosha bahlushwa, hhayi ukuze athobise isithunzi sabo, ungathathi abathunjwa nokunye.