Kanjani fungal amaseli?

A isikhathi eside kakhulu yezazi zasendulo ngokuyiphutha kuchasiselwe amakhowe eqenjini efanayo ne izitshalo. Futhi lokhu kwenziwa kuphela ngenxa kungububi babo abaseduze. Ngemva amakhowe njengoba izitshalo Awukwazi ukuhambisa. Futhi unganakile abawubheki njengezinyamazane. Nokho, ngokushesha nje emva kokuba ososayensi bakwazi ukuhlola amaseli, bathola ukuthi amangqamuzana fungal kuyafana amaseli isilwane. Ngakho-ke, la magciwane ayekile zibalwa njengoba izitshalo. Nokho, izilwane ayikwazi labizwa ngokuthi amaseli fungal, ngaphezu okufanayo nokuhlukile anezinye umehluko kusukela silwane. Kule ndaba, amakhowe abiwa umbuso ehlukile. Ngakho, ngokwemvelo kukhona imibuso ezinhlanu eziphilayo: izilwane, izitshalo, isikhunta, lamagciwane.

Izici eziyinhloko amaseli fungal

Isikhunta eukaryotes. Basuke eziphilayo, amaseli kabani core likhona ophilayo. Kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe ukwaziswa zofuzo elondolozwe ku-DNA. Eukaryotes, ngaphandle amakhowe izilwane nezitshalo.

Kukhona zombili isikhunta owumphumela, futhi amaningi.

amaseli fungal, njengazo zonke ezinye amaseli eukaryotic, liqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: i-plasma ulwelwesi, i-nucleus futhi cytoplasm. I sokugcina ziyimifanekiso organelles futhi inclusions. Organelles kukhona unomphela. Zenza kuseli imisebenzi ethize. Ukufakwa njengoba engazinzile. Bahlanganyela yenza umsebenzi isipele. Sinenkosi hhayi isakhiwo ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengoba organelles. Ngokuyisisekelo Ufike ashiye noma zinhlayiya izakhi fungal amaseli ingasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo.

Iseli fungal iyafana yeseli isitshalo?

Ukufana main itholakala lokuthi ukuthi isakhiwo cell fungal sihlinzekela udonga cell phezu ulwelwesi plasma. Imfundo enjalo akuyona nobuntu amaseli isilwane kodwa izitshalo ke ukhona. Nokho flora cell udonga yakhiwa of cellulose nesikhunta yakhiwa chitin.

Ukufana fungal futhi isilwane amaseli

Isici esiyinhloko elenza isakhiwo amaseli fungal zifana izilwane, kuba khona inclusions ka glycogen. Ngokungafani isitshalo ukuthi ukugcina isitashi, isikhunta, njengezilwane, glycogen yezikhali.

Esinye isici esifanayo - indlela ukuze supply cell. Isikhunta heterotrophs, isb ukulungele ukuthola udaba eziphilayo kusuka ngaphandle. Izitshalo nazo autotrophs. Bona photosynthesize, uthola izakhi zomzimba ngokuzimela.

organelles

amaseli fungal, okuyinto sibalo kungabonwa ngezansi, ine organelles efana mitochondria, ribosomes, reticulum endoplasmic, lysosomes, isikhungo cell kanye le Golgi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, vacuole zingase iseli ukhunta ubudala. Zonke organelles ebhalwe ngenhla ngokusekelwe eBhayibhelini enze umsebenzi wabo. Ake sixoxe ngazo e ipuleti iDemo.

Ngokungafani izitshalo, isikhunta amaseli aqukethe plastids. Ngo izitshalo, lezi organelles obhekene photosynthesis (chloroplast) futhi umbala amacembe (chromoplasts). Futhi, isikhunta sihluke izitshalo ukuthi ecaleni elaliphakathi kwabo kuphela ine cell vacuole ubudala. Plant cells futhi ukuthi lawa organelles, lonke umjikelezo wokuphila.

Umnyombo isikhunta

Njengoba ziyizidalwa eukaryotes, ngamunye iseli iqukethe i-nucleus. Kuhloswe ukuvikela ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo elondolozwe ku-DNA, kanye nokudidiyela zonke izinqubo ezenzeka kuseli.

Lesi sakhiwo has ulwelwesi zenuzi, lapho pores ekhethekile samanje ehlanganisa amaprotheni ethize - nukleoprionov. Ngokusebenzisa ezimbotsheni nengaphakathi Ungashintshanisa izinto ne cytoplasm.

Imvelo, esemgwaqweni ngaphakathi ulwelwesi, ngokuthi karyoplasm. Kuyinto ngesimo Ama-chromosomes e-DNA.

Ngokungafani nezitshalo nezilwane lamaseli ngokuvamile siqukethe eyodwa core (ngaphandle kungenzeka isibonelo polynuclear amaseli noma imisipha izicubu anuclear zegazi), ngokuvamile cell fungal has eyodwa, kodwa ababili noma cores ngaphezulu.

Isiphetho - ezihlukahlukene amakhowe

Ngakho lapho sesikubonile esiphethweni kanjani ukwakha amaseli zalezi zinto, ake kafushane ezihlukahlukene zabo.

Okokuqala, kukhona isikhunta unicellular futhi amaningi. Phakathi unicellular edume kakhulu futhi kabanzi yomuntu nemvubelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemiBhalo eminingana isikhunta unicellular, okuyizinto yisinanakazana ku nezinye izinto eziphilayo, kanjalo okubangela ezihlukahlukene izifo ezifana powdery isikhutha e zezitshalo noma zezilwane umbandamu.

isikhunta ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, kuye isakhiwo, luhlukaniswe amakilasi alandelayo: Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, oomycetes, Zygomycetes futhi Chytridiomycota.