Karl Benz: Biography futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Sasiyini imoto yokuqala emhlabeni?

Engxenyeni kwekhulu le-19 yesibili, umbuzo ukuthi maduze imoto yokuqala base bamukelwe kakade isinqumo. Kuphela abasala okungacaci kuyinto abazoba kuqala indlela yakhe. izinto eziningi ukusebenza kulesi siqondiso. Ezinye zazo ephethwe ukuthola amalungelo obunikazi ngezenzo zabo ngawo lowo nyaka. Ubani naka ngokomthetho umdali imoto? Okuxoxiswana ngakho esihlokweni kuyoba mayelana Karl Benz.

Benz - a railwayman lezinceku

Umsunguli wendlela uhlanga kwakukhona ngensimbi eziningana sitholwa njengefa. Ekhulwini leminyaka eledlule, lo msebenzi kudinga hhayi kuphela ukudala imikhiqizo metal, kodwa futhi bakwazi ukwakha kubo, okungukuthi ukuba kokubili wengcweti umakhenikha, kanye onjiniyela kanye technologists.

Karl Benz wayeyindodana eyodwa yalezi ngensimbi. Futhi sibonga ekuthuthukiseni ujantshi emazweni German Johann Georg Benz waba unjiniyela esitimela. Nokho, it is ngokushesha kwaholela nasekufeni kwakhe. Ezinyangeni ezine ngaphambi kokuzalwa UCharles, onguyise lakhe laselibambelela kakhulu umkhuhlane kuleli gumbi nge amafasitela evuliwe, ngenxa yalokho wabulawa i-pneumonia. Ezemfundo ka umsunguli esizayo asebenzelana ngayo umama owayengomunye a abakwamanye amazwe isiFulentshi.

Eyokuqala amakilasi

Ngemva kwaleso senzakalo wakhe umama ubaba ukungajabuli ababengenamandla okukuthola ukuvumela indodana yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo, uKarl Bents, exhunywe ukuphila kwakhe lo jantshi. Wabona naye kusho isikhulu sikahulumeni. Kodwa le nsizwa yasinamathela inqubo. Ngakho, ngaleso Lyceum yayinesithakazelo ekutadisheni zemvelo noma yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, ngokuvamile ibophe kweliklasi zifezeke ku okucwaninga esikoleni.

Craze kuye kwaholela umsebenzi wokuthwebula, okuyinto futhi wayinika nethuba lokuthola iholo lokuqala kudingeka umkhaya wakhe. iwashi ukukhanda lalingesinye umsebenzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, unina wamvumela ukuhlomisa studio egunjini eliphezulu ophahleni.

Ukuqeqeshwa lobuchwepheshe

Zonke izinto zokuzilibazisa indodana uyaqiniseka nonina ukuthi isikhundla sokuba isikhulu - hhayi umsebenzi kangcono kuye. Nge imvume yakhe Karl Bents wangena ecole Polytechnique. Nakuba isikole sifana nenkundla yesayensi ubunjiniyela isikhungo eJalimane. Kwakukhona abasebenza ekutholeni injini entsha. Yena bekumele kube esikhundleni injini umusi.

Zonke imibono eziye zihlotshaniswa ukudalwa injini enamandla futhi icwecwe, izinkontileka uKarl Benz.

Qala ibhizinisi lakho siqu

Ngemva kokuphothula the ecole Polytechnique, ngaleso sikhathi ayesithole isimo University, iphayona sahlala Imishini Plant. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi umklami kufanele uqale ukusebenza njengoba umakhenikha ngokuba "eqeda".

Karl Benz, ogama biography kubhekwa, wahamba uwayosebenzela amahora ayishumi nambili esitolo mnyama. Emva kweminyaka emibili kokuzama umsebenzi, kokuba yazuza okuhlangenwe nakho kudingekile, wesula. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva ukuphila Charles kwaba draftsman, umklami embonini zobunjiniyela. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi uqoqe imali okwabo. Benz elinye futhi iphupho ukudala ukuthutha self ezinezinjini.

Ushintsho eziphawulekayo ekuphileni kwakhe kwakungenxa ukufa kukamama kanye sebelazi abasha Bertha Iringa. Wayengumngane kusukela emndenini ocebile yombazi, kwaba nethonya elihle ku-kokuvula okwabo.

studio yakhe unjiniyela wadala ngokubambisana A. Ritter ku Mannheim. Iphupho ukudala imoto yakhe akazange ashiye Benz okomzuzwana, kodwa uyabakhathalela zezimali inhlalakahle umndeni, owakhula, iyadingeka ukwehlisa izimali zokuthuthukiswa zobunjiniyela.

I impumelelo lokuqala

Ngenxa impumelelo amabhizinisi abo Benz babezifaka engozini wazithola esesimweni esinzima ngokwezimali. Kwake kwathi cishe bancishwa okwabo emhlabathini. Ukuze ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga kwakudingekile ukuze udale into okunenjongo. Izithandani okukhipha kubonakala kokusungulwa, le yangaphakathi omlilo engine.

Nokho, lo mbono sekuyisikhathi eside emoyeni, futhi izingqondo onjiniyela abaningi nabasunguli bezinto, ngakho kwakungekho lutho isimanga yokuthi N. Otto lobunikazi injini ngaphambi. Nokho, kwathi ukuba injini ezine-unhlangothi, ngakho umkakhe wathumela amabutho wakha injini ezimbili-unhlangothi. Benz izimoto ngekusasa kwadingeka ukuba enze phezu igesi nophethiloli.

Kube kwethulwa motor Eva kaNcibijane we aphumayo 1878. ukukhiqizwa serial waqala ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ngaso lesi sitshalo e Mannheim. Ngalesi Innovator ibhizinisi wayengumuntu elinganiselwe kakhulu ngamalungelo abo, ngakho kwesokunxele futhi waqala kusuka ekuqaleni nabanye abalingani. Kodwa kubatshali bezimali abasha kukhona ekujaheni ukutshala kudalwa imoto.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo lobunikazi kubuyisiwe uNikolaus Otto, futhi izinto, phakathi kwabo kwaba Benz, bandisa amabhizinisi abo kudalwa injini ezine-unhlangothi, eyenzelwe isicelo yezimoto.

Ukucinga abathengi

Ehlobo lika-1886 kwamiswa futhi esidlangalaleni ihlolwe imoto, ungumdali okwakukhona Karl Benz. I-patent sasayinwa izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kwaleso senzakalo futhi ithole inombolo 37435. I motor siphela inhlanganisela air uphethiloli ububi ngentukuthelo. Imoto ngokwayo eyayihamba ngamasondo amathathu, ngoba lena akuyona inkinga ujikeleza zokuvumelanisa isixazululiwe na.

Naphezu kokusungulwa yimpumelelo kusukela iphuzu lobuchwepheshe umbono kanye nokubuyekeza esihle cindezela, evenini injini kwakungelona siphumelele amaJalimane olandelanayo. Umsunguli kwadingeka ukukhangisa nenzalo yabo emibukisweni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise eMunich Paris.

Kanye uzama ukuveza yokuthengisa Karl baqhubeka ngcono zakhe emotweni. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha ngiyisosha 'motorvagen "yayinama amasondo amane, kwathiwa kwahambisana ngumuntu yokudlulisela ezimbili-esiteji. Kwakukhona entsha Benz brand onobuhle. Sales wakhula ikakhulukazi ngenxa France. izimoto kwesikhathi inkampani kahle emakethe eYurophu, e-Russia, i-Ningizimu Melika.

Ngekhulu lama-20 umlando imoto akazange ayeke, waqala ukuba bathole ithuba ukuba ungaguli kakhulu, wandisa zebhizinisi Benz.

Innovator wafa eneminyaka engu-84, wedlula namadodana akhe ibhizinisi, owahlela engu-ayisithupha e Ladenburg.

izici Technical imoto yokuqala

onjiniyela German ukudala imoto yabo ngasese, ngoba le ndaba yokungaziphathi patent wawubalulekile.

Izici Key:

• Imininingwane isisindo - 263 kg;
• ezine-unhlangothi injini ngesisindo - 96 kg;
• amanzi selehlile injini;
• Khetha okukodwa isilinda, bamba, drive hlangothi futhi phambili ekudluliselweni;
• ngamasondo amathathu;
• band ukubopha;
• uchungechunge drive.

Lolu hambo abadumile Berty Bents namadodana

unkosikazi umsunguli kwafeza indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwakhe. Wasekela umyeni wakhe imigomo yakhe kokubili ngokoMthetho impahla (ukuhlolwa ukutshala ekubhekaneni izinjini saletha Bertha isipho ngaphambi komshado), nangokuziphatha. Kukhona umlando (Benz imoto) mayelana nendlela owesifazane namadodana akhe wahamba wayovakashela ibanga cishe 110 km.

Kwathi ngo-August 1888. Umzila elisukela Mannheim ukuba Pfrotsgeym, nalapho kubikwa ukuthi unina Bertha. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, owesifazane nengane ku imoto efanayo emuva ekhaya.

Phakathi nalolo hambo, kwakukhona abanye nobunzima lapho ashade naye nezingane zakhe uzokwazi ukubhekana bebodwa:

• ngesakhiwo nge kuyanda emaweni unqobe ngakho - nendodana eyodwa ithole beshayela, nonina uyindodana yesibili kwaphoqa imoto engemuva;
• Ekhala of lesikhumba drive ibhande nezimagqabhagqabha eduze Bruchsal wezicathulo wendawo;
• indima abamhlaba ukwahlukanisa for drive kagesi wenziwa Stocking garter;
• sezimoto tube ne uphethiloli kuhlulekile ukusula pin elula.

Lolu hambo khona ukukhangisa umkhankaso kakhulu, njengoba latshela esesidlangalaleni ezazingabaza, ukuthi ngisho abesifazane nezingane ngaphansi amandla ukushayela, isidingo ingane uma zokugwema ukuphuka. Futhi, uhambo likhombe amaphutha umsebenzi imoto futhi uzilungise.

LinguBerta Bents is njengoba owesifazane wokuqala at kwesondo ezaziwayo. Yena won ilungelo ukushayela imoto ngonyaka ofanayo.