Kiev: yokukhululwa emzini abahlaseli amaNazi (1943)

Okubaluleke kakhulu, yini usuku Novemba 6, 1943 - yokukhululwa Kiev. Ngalolu suku, kwakukhona umcimbi lapho ngomoya bated elinde abakhileyo kulo muzi wasendulo. Namuhla, lapho umlando wemvelo is kabusha futhi ngenkuthalo waqalisa ukubukeka okusha at kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ukwazi iqiniso ngezenzakalo leyo minyaka. Ikakhulukazi, bonke labo bakungabaze ubuqhawe walabo sibonga kwabo kwakukhona yokukhululwa Kiev (1943), kufanele sikhumbule ubugebengu amaNazi.

Ngisho Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kungase kube imiphumela isiguli sihlale isikhathi eside emzini amabutho ka-Third Reich, lapho ezimbili nje neminyaka umsebenzi e Babi Yar wadutshulwa amasosha ezitha nezakhamuzi ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 100, inani labantu lehla ayizinkulungwane 180, nezinkulungwane 150 izakhamuzi Ukraine ephethwe amaSoviet babe wathumela ngokumelene nentando yabo ukusebenza eJalimane.

Isimo ngaphambili ekuqaleni Novemba 1943

Agasti 26 waqala mpi for Dnepr, elandela omunye imisebenzi edume kakhulu emlandweni impi - empini le eKursk Bulge. amabutho aseSoviet kwadingeka ukuphoqelela ngamandla isithiyo amanzi, entshonalanga yasebhange eyaphenduka phakathi Wehrmacht ku umugqa enamandla ukuzivikela, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- "East Wall". Ngesikhathi esifanayo amaJalimane zazilindele lo amabutho aseSoviet uqale i okuhlukumezayo ubusika niwele Dnieper emva ice isethwe ku-ke.

Ngenxa yalokho yokuphumelela ecasula iRed Army lithumbe bridgehead ngebhange kwesokudla Dnieper waya enyakatho komfula naseningizimu Kiev. Ngakho zadalwa le izimfanelo okwesikhathi ekwindla okuhlaselayo eqinile.

Ukukhululwa Kiev kubahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa: Ukulungiselela ukusebenza

Ekuqaleni Okokuqala umyalo Ukrainian (ex Voronezh) phambi asebezifinyelele kakade isicelo pin amabili nje. Chief phakathi kwawo kwakukhona okumele zenziwe yi-the Bukrin bridgehead, elise-80 km eningizimu yedolobha Kiev, kanye asizayo - kusukela enyakatho. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo uhlelo, ngo-Okthoba kabili Uzame kuhlasela. Nokho, kokubili izikhathi ukushaya nge Burkinskiy isiqondiso kuhlulekile, kodwa siye sanwetshwa bridgehead, elalisendlini endaweni enyakatho Kiev Lyutezh. Into okwakutholakala ezosetshenziswa ehlasela okokugcina, injongo eyayizoba yokukhululwa Kiev. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amabutho phezu Burkinskiy bridgehead ayalwa ukuba 'tie "ke ngangokunokwenzeka amabutho Wehrmacht, futhi uma izimo mahle - ukuze ifohle iye phambili futhi uqale phambili. ngobuqili uye wasebenzisa le njongo. Ikakhulukazi, ukuze isitha abazange bakuqaphele nokudluliswa 3rd Guards Tank Army, Bukrin bridgehead izimoto armored esikhundleni onobuhle, okwakukhona ukudukisa abashayeli isitha ukundiza kwesimo endaweni nokuhlasela.

Amabutho ezitha phambi Empini Kiev

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-Novemba ku iRed Army endaweni Kiev ubelokhu esenkonzweni mayelana 7000 izibhamu ezigqulweni, izindiza 700 kanye 675 amathangi nezibhamu self ezinezinjini. Inani elifanayo bomlilo ekuhlaseleni kwakungamadodana isitha. Nokho, inani izibhamu ezingontuluntulu futhi amathangi ku iRed Army waba inzuzo okuncane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukumboza dolobha kusukela umyalo enyakatho-German wayala ukuba kwakhiwe 3 ebiyelweyo imigqa ukuzivikela, khona okwakufanele kuphazamise kakhulu ukunyakaza amabutho ethu.

Ukukhululwa Kiev (1943): Isigaba sokuqala ukusebenza

Qala okuhlaselayo wanikezwa ekuseni 3 Novemba. Okokuqala, wezikhali ukulungiselela enamandla, kulandelwa ivunguza isuka entshonalanga, ngokudlula Kiev owawuse. It eyenziwa Army 60 futhi 38th ngokusekelwa amabutho Omhlangano Omkhulu Wesihlanu Guards Tank Corps. It waqala yangempela emoyeni impi wadutshulwa lapho phansi 31 isitha izindiza, futhi zonke Aces Soviet wenza 1150 nokuhlasela. yabambana ngezihluthu senzeka phansi. Ngenxa yalokho, ekupheleni kosuku kwathi isiteleka yethu amandla wathutha wonke phambi at ibanga km 5 kuya 12.

Imicimbi: 4 Novemba 1943

Kyïv wenkululeko waba kancane imisiwe ngenxa uma isimo sezulu sisibi. Iqiniso liwukuthi emini ngoNovemba 4 kwaba drizzling imvula. Ukuze baqinise ingcindezi ehlasela amasosha aseSoviet empini yokuqala yethulwa Guards Cavalry Corps futhi alondoloza, kuhlanganise lokuqala eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia Brigade, iphansi kwesandla sika-L. Svoboda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebusuku ku okuhlaselayo, okuyinto baqhubeka ebusuku, ubuhanjelwe Amayunithi Okwesithathu Guards Tank Army, wakhuluma spotlight ukuthi itwetwe kuwo wonke umuntu phakathi kwamasosha German.

Novemba 5

Enye ekuseni amathangi Soviet wafika Svyatoshino bavala umgwaqo omkhulu yokuxhuma Kiev ukuba Zhitomir, kanjalo ukusika Kiev iqembu zamabutho asele yamaNazi. usuku lonke kwakukhona izimpi iqhaza elihamba, wezikhali, izindiza kanye nezimoto armored, lapho isitha balahlekelwa kakhulu futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ashona.

Novemba 6

Ekugcineni, amasosha aseSoviet angena ngalo Kiev ebusuku. Ukukhululwa edolobheni zenzeka msinyana, njengokungathi i-Red Flag wavuswa phezu kwalo e amahora 00 futhi imizuzu engu-30, futhi ngo-4 ezimpondweni ekuseni emzini kwezibhamu ekugcineni ubohle.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakulinganiselwa ukuthi amaviyo Okokuqala Ukrainian Front wahlulwa ethangini 2, 9 elihamba ukwahlukana nokukhubekisa eyodwa division embonini yezezimoto.

Isigaba sokugcina wokusebenza

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Novemba umyalo iqembu German wamabutho "South" balwe kuhlelwe endaweni Krivoy rog, Nikopol futhi Apostolovo, ayikwazanga laliqhubela inhloko-dolobha Ukraine ephethwe amaSoviet, izinqolobane zalo, inqobo ukwahlukana armored futhi embonini yezezimoto. Lokhu isimo washesha yokukhululwa Kiev kusukela amaNazi phakathi Novemba 7th amabutho Yokuqala Ukrainian Front ephethwe ukukhulula wafika emzini ka Fastow. Nokho, ngo-November 10-11, amayunithi wasekela German efika ukusiza le emuva amabutho Wehrmacht, kwathoma counterattacks lokuqala sina-German. Nokho, ngemva kwesonto (13 November) wadedelwa Zhitomir. Ukuhlasela wawunamandla kangangokuba ingxenye Seventh Army Corps Wehrmacht saphela ashona, kuphela ukufinyelela km 50 eningizimu Kiev. Kulesi 13 futhi Army 60 kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Novemba bafika umugqa ezingxenyeni zasempumalanga futhi enyakatho Narovlya Korosten, Ovruch futhi Yelsk.

Njengoba izwe kugujwa ukunqoba

Ukukhululwa Kiev kusukela amaNazi (yimanje: Novemba 6, 1943) kwamhlangabeza abantu baseSoviet ngomuzwa wenjabulo enkulu. Kulesi senzakalo, eMoscow nganikwa lingukuhlonipha volleys 24. Kwathatha irekhodi kwezibhamu abathintekayo.

Ukuze isibindi kungemalengiso futsi ubuqhawe empini, okwaphumela yokukhululwa Kiev, ngemiyalezo kanye izindondo abantu 17 500 ziye ukhishwa. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona induna 139 amasosha Yokuqala eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia lamabutho. Ngokuphathelene Abezempi ukuthi, banner awo enamathiselwe Order of Suvorov besigaba sesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye 65 kweSoviet futhi compounds kwanikezelwa Ukuhlonishwa lapha Kiev. Phakathi kwabo, amabutho iphansi kwesandla sika-uColonel Jikelele K. Moskalenko, uLieutenant General Ivan Chernyakhovsky, P. Rybalko, S. Krasovsky futhi uMajor General P. Korol'kova.

Imiphumela

Kiev Liberation (Usuku: Novemba 6, 1943) kwakubaluleke amasu isimo Okukhulu Patriotic neMpi nezimpi. Phakathi ukusebenza, amabutho kweSoviet Union wahlasela elihamba eziyisishiyagalolunye, omunye ezinezinjini futhi ezimbili ukwahlukana armored we Wehrmacht enqobe wabhubhisa amathangi 600, 1,200 izibhamu ezigqulweni, kanye 90 izindiza. i bridgehead ezibalulekile ngasogwini lomfula km Dnieper 230 ubude futhi kuze km kuya ku-145 ngo-ukujula, okuyinto kamuva baba nendima ebalulekile zempi ukuze kukhululwe Ilungelo-Bank Ukraine yadalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umyalo Soviet wakwazi ukuphazamisa ojenene German zilungele balwe kule ndawo Kirovograd.

yezinqumo

izinduna Soviet, kuhlelwe futhi kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa, okwaphumela yokukhululwa Kiev, nawo angeniswe ezinye amaphutha. Ikakhulukazi, njengoba amayunithi ekuthuthukiseni Red Army wahluleka ukuqeda amabutho main isitha ngemuva kukaNovemba 15, wakwazi ukuba esiphikisayo ukuhlaselwa, futhi kuze kube nguDisemba 22 amasosha ethu yehlulekile sifinyelele intuthuko enkulu kulo mkhakha.

izisulu

Isibalo sabashone kuwo womabili amaqembu alwayo safinyelela latinkhulungwane letinyentana. Ikakhulu, i-izibalo ezilandelayo zinikwa historiography Soviet ukuchaza iRed Army ukulahlekelwa: abantu 6491 wabulala, 24 078 - abalimele. Ngokuqondene amaviyo Wehrmacht, amasosha 389 abulewe kwathi amanye alimala 3018.

Impendulo emaphephandabeni

Ukukhululwa Kiev kanye impumelelo amasosha aseSoviet ngo-Right-Bank Ukraine kubange resonance ububanzi. Ikakhulukazi yesiteleka babe komunci wesiNgisi bese ucindezela American, elalibheka lo mcimbi njengoba ukunqotshwa enkulu sokubusa kwamaNazi. Ngokwesibonelo, umbiko we abadumile Radio London Kwaphawulwa ukuthi lapho amabutho we Wehrmacht matasa Kiev, amaJalimane, wazishaya isifuba wathi akakude ukunqotshwa ngokuphelele iRed Army kulo lonke eningizimu-mpumalanga, futhi ngemva yokukhululwa inhloko-dolobha yase-Ukraine isivele eJalimane kwaqala ukuzwa ukukhala kwensimbi emngcwabeni.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi kwaba njani yokukhululwa Kiev, kanye yiziphi kwadla amaqembu alwayo, futhi imiphumela yalo msebenzi abaye baba neqhaza obengeziwe ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.