Kokungenela Humanitarian - inselele ngokuqondile umqondo yobukhosi?

Kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ngamazwe umthetho kokungenela - ukungenela enobudlova elilodwa lelitimele ezindabeni zangaphakathi noma zangaphandle lomunye - lempi, ukwaziswa kwezombangazwe noma kwezomnotho.

Udaba okuyisihloko mpikiswano normative futhi enokwehla, oqala okwamanje ukuthi lwakhiwe ngumtsetfo wemave emhlaba, futhi akukho definition zomthetho ejwayelekile alikho kuye. Nokho, wachaza ngale ndlela: ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, amabutho angaphandle kukhona enesibopho esingakanani sokuba angenele ezindabeni ngomunye uRhulumende, ukumvikela kubantu abanegciwane ukwephulwa olubanzi amalungelo abo obuntu, ngisho noma ungqubuzana uthi.

Nakuba, isimiso, ukungenela - kuwukuziphatha emthethweni, abanye kokungenela ezimweni ezinjalo zithathwa njengezilimi ezisemthethweni.

Isibonelo salolu hlobo mpikiswano le ukubukwa yayiqhutshelwa 1996 at isiphakamiso Canada ukuba angenele eZaire (manje Congo), ukuvikela izigidi ongumHutu ababaleki, abasinde nokuqothulwa kwesizwe eRwanda. Kwakumelwe engozini nolokubhujiswa yi Tutsis, abase lasekela uhulumeni eRwanda, futhi ngenxa Zairian Yombango. I baseCanada wagomela ngokuthi amalungelo lezakhamuzi, futhi lokhu bulingana yimuphi omunye mibandela. Labo abamelene, ethi izidingo zezenhlalakahle babodvwa ngeke bakhone ulungisisa ukuphazamiseka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liye wagomela ukuthi kokungenela eside ngokwako igcwele ukungaqiniseki.

Yini okufanele yenziwe esimweni esibucayi ezifana nokuqothulwa kwesizwe eRwanda, lapho umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba uzama ukubulala?

Esimeni semakhaya umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ukungenelela isimo ezindabeni kwenye ukuze kuvikelwe abantu abangenacala zithathwa njengeziNdawo ezingamaGugu kokungenela yobuntu, uma kukhona imvume ye-UN Security Council. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi leli zwe, obambe ukuvunyelwa-UN Security Council, ukugcwalisa kusolwa "Umsebenzi"? Noma liyakufundisa lokho kusala "ihhashi iThrojani", ukuhlukumeza amandla namandla? Musa ukukhonza, ngokomthetho kungenelela izaba ezingabekwa uthi decoupling izingxabano emazweni angaphandle?

Uma amazwe ngaphandle ukusekela zasekhaya ngokuba ngaphandle kwegazi kwenchubomgomo, ukuthumela amabutho akhe ahlomile amasha kwi insimu yezinye uthi, ngezinga elikhulu bona eziziphishekela kuzozizuzisa ewumngcingo kazwelonke: ekunqotshweni indawo, ukuthola izinzuzo geo-amasu, ukulawula izinsiza zemvelo eziyigugu. Abaholi ukumzuza ukusekela komphakathi echaza izenzo zabo ngokuya imigomo ephakeme yokuziphatha - ukuthula, ubulungiswa, intando yeningi ezindaweni ingxabano. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi lapho amazwe aseYurophu wamakoloni ekhulwini le-19 imikhankaso ngokomlando abaningi umkhankaso, esekelwe ngokucabangisisa amagugu obuntu

In Rwanda, ngo-1991, njengoba kulindeleke, ukungenela French ngaphansi UN kohlelo olubizwa kuyoba ukuqhuba "Operation Turquoise". Kodwa, usebenzisa kuphoqelekile zosizo ikhava, France waqhubeka ezama angalawula izenzakalo esifundeni Great Lakes.

Ngo-2003, ayehlasela US-British kanye nomsebenzi we-Iraq sezihlonziwe futhi njengoba kokungenela zezenhlalakahle ngu uNdunankulu waseBrithani Toni Blerom.

Ikhumbula ukuthi kokungenela classical kuyinto, isimiso, ezepolitiki kanye zihlanganisa ukunqunywa intando komuntu ngenkani, futhi kugcina kungenele zezenhlalakahle - inselele ngokuqondile lo mqondo yobukhosi.

Umphakathi eNyakatho Melika naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, nazo zonke inkulumo mayelana nobubele abanye abantu kulula ukuvumelana ukusetshenziswa ebutho lempi ukuze ekupheleni, ngokuvumelana kubo, enhlekeleleni kwelinye izwe, hhayi ukucabanga kanzulu ngalokho intengo ezinjalo "ububele" e ngokuziphatha, kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho?

Namuhla, kokungenela zezenhlalakahle - kungcono ikakhulukazi brainchild eNhlangano yeziZwe, ezinye izinhlangano abakwazi ukusebenza ngokuthula esishintshashintshayo ingxabano. La maqembu kukhona ardent sabashumayeli yayo. usomaqhinga waseFrance Bernard Kouchner ngisho yawenza zomthetho theory usosayensi Mario Bettati "ilungelo angenele."

Igama elithi lingasetshenziswa kwamanye amagugu. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba iqoqo izinyathelo kwezomnotho inqubomgomo yangaphakathi: ukuthenga kokungenela okusanhlamvu ukungenelela. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo - kuba zezindlela isimo uzama ukulawula amanani kwemikhiqizo yezolimo (izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukudla, okusanhlamvu).