Kubhala ulwazi nabaseGibhithe lasendulo. Izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kolimi. Ukuvela of Medicine Science

Impucuko esavela eduze nomlambo iNayili neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4,000 edlule, igcina eziningi izimfihlo. izimo ezikahle endaweni, sezulu esipholile lwabangela ukuthuthukiswa zakuqala kakhulu amagatsha ahlukahlukene isayensi ubuciko. Kubhala ulwazi nabaseGibhithe lasendulo - isihloko ucwaningo ososayensi abaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ematheksthi lokuqala inani esekhona zadalwa azungeze 3000 BC. e., kamuva savela futhi izikhumbuzo yobuciko kanye nomlando. Nokho, sibheke kubo kabanzi futhi kanjalo uyokuqonda nalokho izimfihlo uyasala yamandulo.

imiqondo Jikelele ulimi namakhono

Lonke ulwazi esinalo namuhla mayelana eGibhithe lasendulo, etholwe ngenxa le abavubukuli. Imibhalo ehlukahlukene balungiselela atholakele izilimi efile. Bona babehilelekile efunda okwakubhalwe kulowo mbhalo emashumini. Bona equkethwe ulwazi mayelana zonke izici zokuphila ngaphansi kohlaka le impucuko, ukuqala kwakho nemithetho kanye enkonzweni atsi, ophela zokupheka zokupheka. It kuvela ukuthi zibhalwe futhi ulwazi yaseGibhithe lasendulo, amandla nezinto zethu esingazisebenzisa ukutadisha manje ongenakuzihlukanisa. Decrypting lolimi labantu, siyokwazi ukuvula iningi izimfihlakalo zayo. Ngoba umlando lokubhala siqala ngokuyihlukanisa izinkathi emine eyinhloko.

Isikhathi sokuqala: yokubhala

ngokubhala basendulo baseGibithe uvele esikhathini sangaphambi dynastic, lapho isimo ngokwayo zazingekho ngisho nokuba khona. Nokho, lab 'onkulunkulu nabapristi yalaba bantu babe engcwele futhi inviolable ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi sibonga lezi imibono "iNkosi yomhlaba," abaseGibithe kwakhiwa uhlelo yabo yokuqala yokubhala. Imifanekiso yakhona waseGibhithe lasendulo kwakuhluke kakhulu Chinese yesimanje noma Japanese. Lezi zithombe zazihambisana ezinemibala (namuhla sibathola monochromatic ngenxa ngomphumela odabukisayo wokuphelelwa isikhathi), okuyinto ukuboniswa izinto, imicimbi, abantu. Kafushane, abantu ayezikhuluma ngilokho abakubonileko, a izinto kancane lula. izinhlamvu Ukubhala kungaba yisiphi isiqondiso - kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele noma okuphambene nalokho, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Into esemqoka ukuthi umphumela waba ojabulisayo.

Inkathi ezimbili: ieratika

Isikhathi yamaGreki laseGibhithe ihlobene eduze Greece futhi wonke uMbuso WaseRoma. Ngaphezu exchange of ubuchwepheshe lempi, nokwenziwa ngokolimi iphutha. Kubhala ulwazi nabaseGibhithe lasendulo systematized ngokusebenzisa zamagama owavela Europe lasendulo. Kube uhlobo lokuqala lokubhala ngekuhlanganisa - ieratika. Khona-ke lolu limi olusha etemibhalo yayitholakala kuphela ikhethelo umphakathi, futhi ihlanganiswe imibhalo engcwele kanye amadokhumenti omthetho.

Isigaba sesithathu yentuthuko: elalihunyushelwe

Ekuqaleni kwawo-nokwenziwa nangenkathi eyenzekile labantu yaseGibithe lasendulo. Yayikhukhula Arabhu owakhuphula amasiko abo, izinkolelo, futhi-ke, ulimi. Phakathi nabo bonke abantu zezendlalelo ke kwaduma uhlobo ngokuyinhloko entsha yokubhala - elalihunyushelwe, okuyinto ngokubukeka sifana Arabhu yesimanje. On futhi kwenza emabhukwini omphakathi izincwadi ukwabelana, Umlandvomphilo, futhi memos. Noma kunjalo ieratika usenayo incwadi esemthethweni yezwe futhi isetshenziswe ekukhulekeleni negunya.

Inkathi Okwesine: Coptic

Lena esigabeni sokugcina ukuthuthukiswa kolimi eGibhithe lasendulo iskripthi, owathatha elalihunyushelwe. Ngokungafani ezazingaphambi kwayo, le Coptic Wayephethe incwadi yayo zamagama, ngendlela ehlukile of yokubiza amagama, isipelingi, ukwengeza amaqoqo ezinhlamvu amazwi umusho ngamunye. Ngezindlela eziningi, lokhu kufana isiGreki, kodwa kungokwalabo-Afro-Asiatic umndeni ulimi. Kubhala ulwazi nabaseGibhithe lasendulo, ezihlobene nezikhathi ngaphambili, ososayensi babe uyakwazi ukuwuqonda kuphela ngokusebenzisa ngekuhlanganisa Coptic. Lolu limi ngaphezulu abaseGibhithe lasendulo lihunyushwe Imibhalo nezifinyezo wawoyise. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19, IsiCoptic lalisetshenziswa izimfundiso, futhi kamuva usuvele uchaziwe phakathi kwababusi abafileyo.

Pyramid - onalo izimfihlo

Ulwazi nabaseGibhithe lasendulo aba isisekelo isayensi yesimanje. Akekho yezimpucuko ngakho hhayi wathuthuka kanje, futhi kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yaleli zwe ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona hhayi njengoba eziphambili ekhaya uhlelo. Kungenxa amarekhodi, ayegcinwa kulezi izindawo, sithola izinzuzo zezempilo kuqala. Nazo zimemezela mayelana nendlela ukuphulukisa kuhlasimulise okulimala ebuchosheni, ngesineke, yini amakhambi ukusiphilisa ezifweni ezithile. AbaseGibithe wayazi ukuthi izinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni, kungani zivela ebusuku futhi kuphi zinyamalale emini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibalo baseGibhithe lasendulo - yilokhu esikubonile zifunda esikoleni namuhla. Umqulu izibalo, isilinganiso mass kwemigomo ezothando nge shot engaziwa futhi - ke yasungulwa ngokunembile eSigodini saseNayile.