Cerebral nucleus basal.

Ngaphansi amagxolo zobuchopho elise iqembu anatomically ahlukene kwezakhiwo abhanqiwe - the ganglia basal (ganglia). Bekanye namanye naphakathi nuclei futhi diencephalon bona ukuthonya umsebenzi motor, okuyinto has a ngaphandle cerebellum umsebenzi. Umehluko wukuthi nuclei basal we ama- ingqondo ibe okokufaka ngqo kusuka cortex cerebral. Ganglia kuthinte cortex motor we zobuchopho ezithintekayo lapho umuntu imisebenzi lehlukene ekucabanga kwengcondvo netintfo ngokomzwelo.

ganglia Basal kakhulu ezithinta cortex cerebral. ukungasebenzi yabo kuholela ukuphazamiseka ukunyakaza. Lesi sifo ngenxa indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lateral motor amakhono. Uma ganglia basal ye-cerebral hemispheres obala isifo, izimpawu ezilandelayo: kahle imisipha ithoni nokuma komzimba. nucleus Basal ukuthambisa ukunyakaza ezenzeka phakathi "qala-up" we- cortex cerebral, futhi zivimbele ukunyakaza ezingafuneki. lelivakalako Eqondiswa wathola ngokulinganisa. Kusukela ezindaweni frontal, ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo izindawo sezinzwa kanye motor, kanye endaweni umqhele, amathempeli, intamo.

Cerebral nucleus basal sakhiwa striatum, kuhlanganise amygdala, kocingo, we-lenticular wangakwesokunxele futhi caudate-nucleus.

- Mindaleobraznoe umzimba itholakala esifundeni yesikhashana. Kulesi zone, uqweqwe kancane uqweqwe;

- Fence kuyinto phandle kusukela core (lens emise). It has uhlobo ukushuba ipuleti kwangu ezimbili. Ngaphambili okuyingxenye is uqweqwe. On onqenqemeni lateral we ezinkulu sici grey ndaba. Medial umngcele kocingo bushelelezi;

- we-lenticular wangakwesokunxele nucleus itholakala kwangaphandle kusukela caudate. namahlukuzo amancane ndaba ezimhlophe ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko.

- nucleus caudate ehilelekile ukwakheka uphondo engenhla lateral ventricle udonga.

I ganglia basal ungenalo indlela ngqo emgogodleni. Kusukela striatum kuya substantia nigra esifundeni kwamanetha futhi medial ibhola okhanyayo ahlelwe inhibitory (GABAergic) zesivikelo sesifuba. umumo wabo obusebenzayo esekelwe khona ukukhuluma ngethonya elandayo excitation ka nuclei thalamic izigaba motor cortex obangela ukunyakaza kunesidingo.

Inhlangano ngendlela eqondile kuyinto kubenzima. Inqubo liqukethe abacindezela excitation we thalamus enjinini cortex nezinye zone. Ingxenye yokuqala yale ithrekhi ukubopha yakhiwa GABAergic kwelivi striatal kuya lateral Globus pallidus. ukubopha Kugcine ithumela Imicu yotshani ukuze nucleus ye-thalamus. Imiphumela engumongo okuthakazelisayo Imicu yotshani egcwele. Ezinye zazo ithunyelwa okhanyayo ibhola lateral. Le micu asele uphokophele zone reticular we nigra substantia, kanye medial sphere okhanyayo. Kule kusobala ukuthi uma umphumela isebenze endleleni eqondile striatum kwandisa umsebenzi excitatory we- cortex motor, umsebenzi indlela engesobala buthakathaka.

Dysfunction ka nuclei subcortical kuholela sifo motor amakhono. Ziba noma ngokweqile noma ngingekho ngokuphelele. Njengoba isibonelo, kufanele kuholele isifo i-Parkinson. Abantu ababeka sezibekwe isifo ezinjalo, uthole ubuso imaskhi. Ukuhamba kwenziwa izinyathelo ezincane. Man kunzima qala futhi umise ezinyakazayo. Kube ethuthumela (eliqhaqhazelayo) nemilenze, kukhuphuke imisipha ithoni. Kukhona isifo i-Parkinson ngenxa conduction Izinzwa amaza kuya ukwephula imfuyo striatum. Ukunqotshwa kwe-striatum kuholela ukunyakaza ezingadingekile: jerking entanyeni ebusweni imisipha, esifubeni, izingalo, imilenze. Kungaphindze kube netikhatsi i msebenzi omkhulukazi ngesimo ukunyakaza zavela zomzimba.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe okusobala yokuphila-ikhono ukusebenza evamile ubuchopho. Ukusuka kancane ebuchosheni kuholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, abakhubazekile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuze ukukhubazeka ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ukulimala kufanele zigwenywe awuvezi ngokwakho izingozi ezingadingekile engozini ngokungadingekile.