Kuyini imvukuzane kwamakhemikhali? Ukuzimisela amafomula

Nge elithi "imvukuzane" ebhekene umfundi ngamunye kuqala isifundo kwamakhemikhali. Nge imiqondo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezifana izinyo lomhlathi mass, izinyo lomhlathi lokuhlushwa, molarity kuphela okunzima ukuyiqonda, engazi ukuthi imvukuzane. It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi imvukuzane - omunye imiqondo ebaluleke kakhulu kwamakhemikhali. Izinkinga eziningi azinakuxazululwa ngaphandle ekutholeni inani amavukuzi.

definition

Ngakho-ke yini imvukuzane kwamakhemikhali? Incazelo Sinike ulula: a unit lapho inani uzwakalise efana ingenye SI amayunithi. Ukunqunywa lokho imvukuzane kwamakhemikhali, futhi kungenziwa zavela ngale ndlela: 1 imvukuzane okulingana ukuthi inani into equkethwe njengoba izinhlayiya isakhi 12 g we-carbon-12.

Kwatholakala ukuthi 12 g we leli nani ama-athomu IKhompyuthaYami equkethwe kuyinto anda ilingane Avogadro njalo.

Umsuka umqondo

Bambalwa kwaqondwa ngokuthi i-chemistry imvukuzane usebenzisa izincazelo, cabanga umlando lo mqondo. Njengoba elivame ukuqondwa ngayo, igama elithi "imvukuzane" laqanjwa usokhemisi German Wilhelm Oswald, owanqoba uMklomelo KaNobel ngo-1909. Igama elithi "imvukuzane" ngokusobala sivela elithi "i-molecule."

Eqinisweni abathandwayo - the Avogadro umbono wokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo esikhathini amavolumu efanayo yamagesi ezahlukene eziqukethwe esilinganayo ketshezi wafakwa phambili eside ngaphambi Oswald, kanye njalo ngokwayo yabalelwa Avogadro ngasekuqaleni XIX leminyaka. Okusho ukuthi, yize umqondo wegama elithi "amavukuzi" futhi kwakungekho, wona kanye umqondo wokuthandana inani izinto kakade kwaba.

ifomula eyisisekelo

Inani ketshezi ihlukile, kuncike idatha yenkinga. Lolu hlobo inqubo elungiselelwe ezivamile lapho lesi silinganiso uwukubonakaliswa isilinganiso kuya izinyo lomhlathi isisindo mass:

n = m / Wesilisa

Kuthiwa inani daba - ukubaluleka kwengosi kuba okufakiwe. Okungukuthi, ukubala inani lale ubukhulu for ingxube, kubalulekile kuqala ukunquma yokuthi liphansi izinga ngayinye izakhi zayo kanye uzengeze.

Enye ifomula isetshenziswa, uma ubuningi izinhlayiya eyaziwa:

n = N / N _a

Uma inkinga kubonisa ukuthi le nqubo ithatha indawo ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, ungasebenzisa mithetho elandelayo: ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, iyiphi igesi ithatha umthamo invariant - 22.4 amalitha. Khona-ke ungasebenzisa Inkulumo elandelayo:

NV / V _m

Inani lemithi imelelwa Clapeyron kwesibalo:

n = PV / (RT)

Ukwazi ukuthi imvukuzane kwamakhemikhali ne ifomula eziyisisekelo sokunquma inani amavukuzi lomcebo, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba uxazulule izinkinga eziningi ngokushesha okungaka. Uma wazi inani impahla ungathola mass, ivolumu, ukuminyana, kanye neminye imingcele.