Kuyini zamalahle, futhi bayini?

Isihloko ekutshela ngalokho amalahle ukuthi kuzosetshenziswa izinto ezinikeza amandla amalahle ezinjalo, njengoba yakheke futhi kulokho izindawo isetshenziswa esikhathini sethu.

definition

Zonke okungenani kanye, kodwa uke wezwa izwi elinje zamalahle nobe amalahle. Ngakho kuyini? Uma impendulo yalo mbuzo ubheke isichazamazwi ochazayo Ozhegova futhi kukhona ungathola izincazelo ezilandelayo: amalahle - ukuzibona, izinsalela okuqinile fuel imfuyo, okuyinto wabunjwa ezitshalweni lasendulo. Amalahle obizwa nangokuthi, isibonelo, ukhuni izinsalela ebilayo - namalahle umlilo, esithandweni somlilo umlilo, nokunye. By the way, amalahle ngemva kokuba thathaza lokhu ukusetshenziswa ayilungile, kuleso simo ibizwa ngokuthi slag izinsalela.

Futhi, umbuzo: "Kuyini emalahleni," ukhuni Kuhle kokusho - ithambekele lungaqhubeka ashisayo ngisho nangemva nokunwetshiwe ukwelashwa ukushisa. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lena izakhiwo wabo ozuzisayo asetshenziswa womshini insimbi ore nabasebenza ngensimbi ukulondoloza okushisa aphezulu e amaziko. Futhi namalahle eyaphathelaniswa esetshenziswa njengoba esinye sezici abamelwe black powder. Kodwa kamuva isikimu zasendulo "saltpeter, isibabule namalahle," washiya esivuna a ongenantuthu powder entsha. Ngakho siyaqonda ukuthi onjalo amalahle, sihlolisise amalahle - amaminerali ukuthi ngake ngasizwa abantu benze izinguquko kwezezimboni.

kumiswa

Kuhle kokusho yokuthi amalahle amaminerali kuqala ukuthi abantu bafunda indlela yokwenza futhi ziyasebenza.

Ukwakheka amadamu awo ayinhloko waqala, ngokososayensi, iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-400 edlule. Khona-ke iningi ezweni laligcwele emaxhaphozini futhi amahlathi emvula. Kancane kancane zanqwabelana phansi kwezitshalo, futhi ezindaweni lapho amanzi amile futhi kabi ku-mpilo, kancane kancane kwakheka amalahle ezimbiwa phansi ikusasa. Isinyathelo Its wokuqala kwaba Turf, futhi kancane kancane Umfutho futhi onomfutho ukuze itshe.

Ngandlela-thile kamuva, imfundo ezibanzi yalolu hlobo uphethiloli kumile. Kukholakala ukuthi udaba wukuthi amakhowe abavamile, noma kunalokho, isikhunta ukuthi babangela. Lokho wajinge wanamatsela izinto ezisiza kumiswa amalahle. Ngenxa ukunyakaza njalo ungqimba lomhlaba kanye eshintshashintshayo amazwekazi, abanye amalahle ezivuzayo ezijulile kancane kancane baphuma, abantu baye bafunda ukusebenzisa amaminerali - amalahle.

NGESIKHATHI senguquko kwezezimboni

Esikhathini Russian Empire amalahle esetshenziswa incane, futhi ukukhiqizwa yayo esemqoka waqala engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIX, ngemuva kokutholakala ezifakwa ocebile. Nokho, ithemba lolu hlobo uphethiloli waqonda ngisho uPetru ngokwakhe kuqala.

Ngakho lapho eseneminyaka engu-emkhankasweni Azov, waboniswa black amaminerali ukuthi ishiswa kahle. Kamuva, kusukela 1722, lo isimemezelo sasebukhosini esithinta wahlela uhambo ngoba kwehlwaywe imali yayo.

Kuyini carbon wezinsalela zamandulo? Lokhu amaminerali abamnyama, obukhulu, kodwa ziyaqothuka nge amandla omlilo okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa. It ihlukaniswe yaba ezintathu izinhlobo.

Okokuqala - lokhu anthracite. Okuqukethwe carbon kwalo 95%. Eqolo futhi ephezulu amandla uhlobo nophethiloli. It isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ngezinhloso ezimbonini.

Esesibili - kuyinto amalahle. Yasungulwa emadwaleni sedimentary, iphesenti carbon therein 75-95. Futhi-ke iqukethe semali umswakama ngenxa okuyinto wokhela betshisa hhayi kwafana anthracite.

Eyesithathu nezokugcina - kuyinto ansundu. Kuyinto kakhulu Peat abasha kwakhiwa kusukela izinsalela iqukethe kusuka 65 kuya 75% carbon.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIX e laseRussia laqala ukwanda kanye nokusebenzisa lo mthombo. Nokho, njengoba emhlabeni wonke. A hlobo olusha uphethiloli ngeke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa umkhakha, isibonelo okukhiphayo efanayo ingulube yensimbi, elalikade ayikwazanga ekhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu.

Ukukhiqiza Isicelo

He khiqiza izindlela ezimbili: komhlaba ongaphandle. Okuvame kakhulu kuqala njengoba Izitolo yayo ngaphandle komhlaba iyivelakancane futhi yasheshe yaphela. Lapho kudingeka kwakhiwe emayini komhlaba, lapho of zokwakheka umhlaba ukujula kugaywa amalahle ngezindlela ezahlukene, bese akhushulwe, lapho ekuhlungeni ukulayisha.

Le nqubo lihlotshaniswa ehlukile ingozi - lowo doti, izikhukhula, ukuqhuma methane. Ngaphandle amalahle uthuli ngokuvamile iqukethe carcinogens, futhi abavukuzi kufanele bagqoke respirators athiya okumelwe uphefumule futhi ukhulume, ngenxa yalokho, exchange igesi egazini.

Yamalahle isetshenziswa eziningi izimboni ezisukela amandla, siphetha izindlu evamile emzaneni amalahle.

ingozi

Naphezu eziphansi zokukhiqiza kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa amandla omlilo of amalahle kubangela umonakalo elisemqoka kuya imvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi phakathi amandla omlilo lukhipha esiningi carbon dioxide lapho eshubisa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini.

Ngakho siyaqonda ukuthi amalahle yiwo njengoba zinjalo, okuyinto lekukhicitwa ngayo umgamu wawo. Kuze kube namuhla, lokhu fuel akayi ndawo, kodwa zigcine zalo mpilo, ukuthi lisenza sicabange ngayo ukufuna eminye imithombo kagesi.