Kwantung ibutho

Ngemva kokulahlekelwa neMpi Russian-Japanese (1904-05.), Umbusi eJapane Portsmunskomu ezweni seyenze ukudluliswa ngokulandelana endaweni Kwantung (eNhlonhlo Liaodong). Kule ndawo, ukuvunyelwa ukuba sibe inani elithile amabutho.

Akha Kwantung Army nomthelela nasekuqiniseni ithonya Japanese e China. Ngo-1931 waqala i esiphuthumayo kabusha of amabutho. Eyokuqala isibalo sezikhungo amasosha.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Kwantung Army yayinodumo kakhulu iqembu lezempi e-Japan. Izikhungo kulezi amabutho ukuqinisekisa ukukhuthazwa isitebhisi umsebenzi. Kwantung Army ngaleso sikhathi kwaba uhlobo base ukuqeqeshwa phansi amabutho.

Uhulumeni Japanese uzamile ngokushesha uhlelo ukuze kwakhiwe indawo yakwa-Manchuria izindawo ezihlukahlukene osendaweni ezibalulekile. Ekupheleni kwehlobo 1945 yayakhiwe ezine kokwehla amasayithi kanye airfields, imigwaqo ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nambili namakhulu ayisikhombisa nengxenye zezinkomo eziyinkulungwane nojantshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwamiswa emabhalekisini ukuze kuhlaliswe ayisikhombisa ukuhlukana (cishe isikhathi esisodwa amasosha eziyisigidi nesigamu), owasungulwa emadepho ukudla, izinhlamvu, nezinye izinto. Konke lokhu kuvumela isikhathi esifushane ukuba phaka full-scale isinyathelo sezempi uma kunesidingo.

Ngenxa yokuthi Japan abaphikisi bakhe main babekholelwa eSoviet Union, nesikhombisa endaweni enezivikelo eziqinile sidalwe ngomhlaka- komngcele-USSR. Ubude ingqikithi lezi zindawo kwaba cishe bungamakhilomitha amakhilomitha. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, le Kwantung Army zingase zisebenzise lezi zindawo enezivikelo eziqinile, nje ukuvikela kodwa nezalo isinyathelo okuhlaselayo.

Ngemva ukwehluleka isinyathelo sezempi ku Hanhin Gol futhi Lake Khasan e 1938-39. zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile zithathiwe-Japan ukuvimbela ingxabano nomakhelwane wayo enyakatho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngenkuthalo baqhubeka ukuqeqeshwa amabutho empi ekulweni neSoviet Union. Umyalo Kwantung Army lisungule uhlelo ukuba bahlasele eSoviet Union, leyemukelwa umbusi Japan ngo-1940. Nokho, ezinsukwini ezizayo, ngo-1941, ayamukelayo uhlelo "Kontokuen" (ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlasela zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa amabutho aseJalimane).

Umphumela Battle of kwaseStalingrad zaphoqa Japanese ukwenqaba akhiphe umkhankaso ekulweni neSoviet Union. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, i-Kwantung Army yahlakazeka ambalwa. Ngu ekwindla lika-1943, ingxenye engcono kakhulu amasosha atshalwa kuya eningizimu. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ukubunjwa ibutho zashaqa inkampani ye Ibutho ngalinye kanye nebutho ngamunye wezikhali kanye elihamba ibutho. Ehlobo lika-1945 eJapane China bathunyelwa nabaningi amathangi, ukulwa unjiniyela, wezikhali amayunithi. Replenishment amabutho eyenziwa ngezithukuthuku izifiki isi-Japanese (stock amadala futhi bavume ukubuthwa). izigaba Nokho, kwakhiwa eziyisithupha zehlulekile ukuba esikhundleni ingxenye bambamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi ezintsha, sisonke, wayengekho ukulungele isinyathelo sezempi, nesikhathi ukufunda ukwenza.

Ekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1945 iSoviet Union le ilwa neJapane. Enough eqeqeshwe kahle amabutho mobile of the Army Soviet kuqhathaniswa ngokushesha wakunqoba ukumelana izingxenye zihlakazeke. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela izindiza kanye amathangi avunyelwa ukuba angene ensimini ka Manchuria cishe ngaphandle kwezithikamezo, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola ukunqotshwa ngokwengeziwe Kwantung Army.

Njengengxenye yalezi amabutho empi ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 900. Ngakho cishe ingxenye yabo ezempi izingxenye asizayo (ubunjiniyela, okhonjiswe, ukususa amabhomu, nokuhlangana kwemicabango noma ezinye). amasosha Abangaba yizinkulungwane 90 wafa empini, mayelana 15,000 ababulalwa izifo kanti izilonda, inani elincane iyona.