Ladoga Canal izolo nanamuhla

Omunye izakhiwo grand, okuyinto ubophekile eRussia Tsar uPetru Okokuqala, iyona Ladoga Canal. Ngaleso sikhathi, yena wadlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni umbuso, ukuqinisekisa elingenazinkinga ukuhweba nge-Europe hhayi kuphela. Eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili esiteshini waya imikhumbi yezimpahla. Namuhla-ke yindawo lapho izakhamuzi Leningrad Region uthanda uphumule nenhlanzi. Abaningi babo babe isivande sezihlahla ngasendaweni CHT "19 km Ladoga Canal."

zolwazi lwendawo

Ubani baseRussia awazi edume Lake Ladoga? Phela, kwaba ibhuloho esindisa impilo wezinkulungwane Leningrad phakathi nokuvinjelwa. Kuyinto ogwini echibini afinyelela Ladoga Canal. Schlisselburg naseNew Ladoga - idolobha, okuyinto zitholakala ensimini ka ukuphela kwayo kuphuma. Canal uxhuma kwemifula emikhulu emibili i - iNeva futhi Volkhov. Ubude bayo 117 amakhilomitha. Staraya Ladoga kuhambisana Ladoga Canal.

ukwakhiwa INGEMUVA

Kuyaziwa ukuthi 1703 umbusi waseRussia, uPeter Omkhulu waqala ukwakhiwa komuzi delta iNeva River, okuyinto ukudlala indima dolobha esikhathini esizayo. Iphuzu laliwukuthi ezinkulu, kodwa samuntu naso thiya izici sezwe ekhethelwe ukwakhiwa. Yena esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe emaxhaphozini eziningi komfula, ngakho ukunikezelwa izinto angase kwenziwe kuphela ebusika, lapho amachibi zambozwa ice obukhulu. Ngokuqondene Lake Ladoga, engafani enobudlova "like" futhi wabulala imikhumbi engaphezu kwekhulu nabantu okusanhlamvu okubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitsha ezazisetafuleni ku Vyshnevolotskaya mfula kusukela iVolga kuya aseBaltic, umane Azidalwanga ukuhamba echibini ngenxa nemvula encane. Storm yayishuba Ladoga, zazihlukile kancane olwandle futhi kwazimoto ezifana uma okuseceleni okubukhali.

A dolobha esizayo Kwadingeka ukuba kwakhiwe. Futhi lokhu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwakudingekile ukuba ukuqala ukuxhumana ukuhweba nge-Europe. Isixazululo elilungile uPetru kubhekwe ukudalwa isiteshi, okuzokwenza ukundlula kwechibi futhi uxhuma aseBaltic kanye emazweni aseScandinavia. It ekuqaleni ngokuthi kuKesari Petra Velikogo Canal ke Petrovsky, Ladoga, futhi namuhla njengoba Ladoga Canal ezaziwayo. Indaba yakhe yaqala ngo 1718 nge esinqumweni uPetru mina kuqale ukwakhiwa.

Ukwakhiwa isiteshi uPetru

Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemva kokuba isinqumo oshiwo ngenhla aqala eRussia isakhiwo inkathi lesithathu ngobukhulu sikaPeter Omkhulu (lokuqala nelesibili - kuba Petersburg Kronstadt).

Ngokwe okusalungiswa, Ladoga Canal kufanele abe ububanzi 25 amakhilomitha kanye ubude 111 amakhilomitha, ukuthatha kwaqala komakhelwane Novaya Ladoga futhi "finishiruya" e Shlisselburg. Indlela ekuqaleni yayo kuhlelwe ukuba ukuhlomisa.

Ukwakhiwa kwakuzoba nzima futhi zazibiza kakhulu. UMbusi ngisho kwethulwa kulo lonke Russian ekhethekile "isiteshi" intela amasenti 70 ngokuthi ziyothathwa kanjani ongumlimi ngamunye futhi 5 kopecks kusukela ruble ngamunye ezizuzwa ngokwenani elalisetshenziswa abathengisi.

Peter ngineminyaka engu mathupha ahileleke ukugcwaliseka kwemibono yakhe. Ungumnikazi uhlaka isiteshi kuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkosi uqobo uthuthwa wheelbarrows umhlabathi edamini esizayo ngosuku lokuqala ukwakhiwa.

(- abantu abangu-60 000 kuyo yonke) serfs, izakhamuzi futhi amasosha: lenqwaba abantu Kusukela imisebenzi 1719 kuya 1723 abangu wawuqondiswa uMajor General Skornyakov-Pisarev ukhangwa ukwakhiwa. Abaningi babo bafa, akakwazanga ukumelana isimo sezulu elibuhlungu nemibandela ezinzima zokusebenza. Lokhu, kanye Omkhulu Northern neMpi, thiya umsebenzi uPetru kuhlelwe ukuba siqedwe ngo-iminyaka emibili.

Ngo 1773-m, bafike endaweni yesehlakalo futhi ebheka lesi simo, uMbusi akazange asijabulele kakhulu ne ijubane lomsebenzi. Furriers-Pisarev nabasizi bakhe - ababazi amaJalimane - baboshwa, labahluleli ukwakhiwa kwenye uPetru esimisiwe uLieutenant jikelele - Burchart-Christopher von Munnich.

Kwahamba livelier - Ladoga Canal wakhula ngokukhulu ukushesha. Munnich bakhangwa earthworks impi ukuthi asheshisa inqubo; futhi ezihlongozwayo ukuze ungeze iphrojekthi Gateway, ebekumele ukuvikela umsele kusukela kunyakaza yamanzi Lake Ladoga.

Kucondzaniswa izinhlelo ezanikezwa uPetru empini Persian, lapho iningi servicemen ababa nesandla ku esakhiweni wadluliswa, kodwa ngokuyinhloko lesi simo ayikashintshi.

Ngo-October 1724 kwaba ngomumo ukuba ahlukane we-canal exhumanisa edolobhaneni Novaya Ladoga Dubno. Kuleli sayithi UPetru uze ephethwe gibela futhi ukufika esiteshini kwaba elokugcina ngaye.

Ukwakha ngaphansi uCatherine Okokuqala

Ongasekho uPetru sobukhosi salandelwa Catherine kuqala. Lapho ukwakhiwa kuwo isikhathi esithile olungalé beluyokuba iqhwa kodwa Munnich, bolevshy umsebenzi kungekho esingaphansi inkosi ngasekupheleni, awenzile ukuze umsebenzi uqaliswe kabusha. Kusukela 1728 Ladoga Canal baqhubeka ukwakha ijubane ngesivinini esikhulu.

Kwasala elula lokugcina, kodwa kwaba nzima kakhulu ngenxa hlabathini onamadwala. Ku-ingxenye encane yokuxhuma emfuleni iNeva futhi Kobona, wathatha kakhulu ngendlela 2 iminyaka.

Ukwakhiwa umsele laqedwa ngo-October ka-1730.

Ukuvulwa kwe-Ladoga Canal

Manje-ke kwenzeka ukuthi kuvulwe brainchild of Peter Ngiye hhayi ukuze angene esikhundleni sakhe, nomkakhe uCatherine Okokuqala, kanye nomshana yabo Anne Ioannovne, Esikhundleni Catherine ukuba "iposi".

Emcimbini wokuvula senzeka ngo-March 19, 1730. Phakathi Empress wakhe u-Anna mathupha wabhubhisa lokwela udonga lokugcina (jumper) emzini Shlisselburg.

Ngokusho mzila, okuyinto isibe imisebenzi ngobukhulu wokubacindezela of the Old World, saqala izitsha Kwenzekani.

Iminyaka yokuqala ukusebenza

Isikhathi sokuqala zokuthutha amanzi wezimpahla eyalo ihhashi traction. Umgwaqo eduze Ladoga Canal lalilokhu ligcwele amahhashi (noma, kancane njalo, Burlakov), okuyinto esebenzisa Twine wadonsa Isivivinyo.

Ngaphambili le nqubo empini, kanye nezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezivela izingubo zomsebenzi.

Ukwethulwa kwe ukwakhiwa entsha siguqulwe ezizungezile ngokushesha okukhulu. A yisisusa esinamandla ekuthuthukiseni got a ukuhweba, ukudoba, ezolimo, wezandla. Labantu kancane kancane lakhula, wakha imizi, emadolobheni.

Imoto ukubaluleka Staraya Ladoga (ke Petrovsky) isiteshi Kwakunzima overestimate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena yanikezelwa isimo luhlobo lempi zamasu.

Incithakalo nokuzalwa kabusha

Eminyakeni eyishumi ukwakhiwa sikaPeter Omkhulu lisebenze kahle. Kodwa ukuntuleka nokuqondisa okufanele, ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa wadlala indima ezimbi. Isiteshi waqala ugoqe. Kuhlwa laphinde labhidlika kuphuma emithambekeni ebhidlikayo, amanzi akwanele, wayeselahlekelwe kabi ngithuka.

Lesi simo esidabukisayo wamangalelwa Munnich. Ngokusho inkantolo, uLieutenant General wathunyelwa bedingiselwe eSiberia.

Ukulungisa isimo 1759-1762 wazama A. P. Gannibal (aka - Arap Petra Elikhulu), kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Futhi kubuya ireferensi kuCatherine yesibili Munnich uphatha wokutakula siteshi njengofanelwe ukubhujiswa okuphelele. Wenzé ukwabiwa kwezimali e-Treasury ukusula wesiteshi ukulungisa izindawo agugile.

Unentshisekelo impumelelo imisebenzi eyenziwa mathupha Ekaterina ukubukwa kwesiteshi, futhi isinyathelo sakhe siqu, wathola umnyango omusha. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kwakunesinye yokungena e Shlisselburg. Konke lokhu kuye kwandisa umthamo we Umthambo amanzi, futhi Isivivinyo yakhe waqala ukuhamba nzima nakakhulu. Ngaphezu amaloli, nakhona uqala ukwenziwa nomgibeli zokuthutha ezikebheni ekhethekile - treshkotah. Navigation wawuqala omunye izinsuku ezingamakhulu amabili ngonyaka.

Ukuvela of the "owalandela"

Isimo Russian iye yathuthukiswa izinga ukuhweba wakhula, isiteshi Staraya Ladoga Sekunzima ukugcwalisa "izibopho" ayokubeka phezu kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe kwesinye isiteshi.

ukwakhiwa yamuva waqala ngo-1861 yaphela kudala njengoba 1865. Ekuqaleni isiteshi yethiwa u-Alexander II, owaqala iphrojekthi, bese wabizwa ngokuthi Ladoga.

Kuyinto lesi sakhiwo, esangweni ezinamandla kakhudlwana futhi eziphambili, eyayintula ububanzi 50-60 amamitha, bathatha ngodlí i-main "hit". A Staraya Ladoga (aka Peter) isiteshi ngaso lokuthumela ayeke ngisho nangemva isomiso sango-1826, kwaba phezu "eceleni." Ngokusho kwakhe, "olwenziwa" izihlenga, izikebhe notshani, kanye izitsha ezingenalutho ebuya Petersburg.

Lapho ekuqaleni kwawo-20 leminyaka th iziteshi parallel ujantshi ekhonkiwe, kwehle kakhulu isidingo kokubili nemifula.

Ladoga Canal namuhla

Kodwa iyini ngempela le Ladoga Canal namuhla? Photo of ezicindezelayo yakhe ... It is cishe yomile futhi yene nemihlanga utshani. Le phrojekthi ezinkulu Petra Velikogo kuyinto ngempela ezidabukisayo - ezizindeni eziningi ububanzi ingeqi imitha. Kungcono ukubheka ingxenye isiteshi, okuyinto sidlula endaweni ka-Shlisselburg - amahlozi ababaningi kakhulu, ngisho kwezinye izindawo ungakwazi ukubhukuda ngesikebhe esincane. Phansi echibini liphahlwe ungqimba obukhulu ngodaka esilazayo imisinga, cishe ayikho.

Noma kunjalo, Hydro uyaqhubeka ukuba ekulalelweni esifundeni. Ngokwesibonelo, abezindaba ungakwazi ngokuvamile ukuthola ulwazi mayelana izingozi ku Staraya Ladoga isiteshi lapho abashayeli esibi lindiza ithrekhi bese ngqo emanzini. Eziningi zalezi izingozi, ngeshwa, iphele Abashona.

Kodwa hhayi nje ngezikhathi ezinjalo eyinhlekelele khumbula bendawo siteshi. Okokuqala, ogwini salo SNT ebizwe - "19 km Ladoga Canal"; kanti okwesibili, lapha kungaba ukudoba ezinhle!

umphakathi engadini

Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, ezweni eduze isiteshi akhethwe balimi amateur. Isimo labelwe iziza abantu lapha, futhi bayajabula banikela okuhlalekayo ekwakheni izindlu ezikhulayo izithelo nemifino. Enye yalezi izinto - ". 19 km Ladoga Canal" SNT Itholakala oluwumbukwane, lizungezwe izimfunda ehlathini, lapho ehlobo ugcwele amakhowe futhi ebusika ungakwazi zokushushuluza. izihlahla Birch, uphayini sonwele zikhule ezindaweni kanye balimi.

umhlaba e CHT "19 km Ladoga Canal", ukubuyekezwa zazo ikakhulukazi omuhle - lena iphupho labantu abahlala emadolobheni amaningi abafuna ukwazi ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphumula kuzo okumatasa muzi ithanga bemvelo.

I Association kuyinto umgwaqo asphalt kusayithi has a esiteshini ukudonsa, amanzi wokunisela kungenziwa othathwe emithonjeni.

Ladoga Canal: ukudoba kanye nezici zayo

Namuhla, lapho navigation esiteshini Staraya Ladoga wayeka ngokuphelele, akazange alahlekelwe inani layo ngokuya lokudoba. Yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka kuzo zonke izindawo (abanye okuningi yomile, kanye nezinye ngeke sithathe ngenxa dacha, noma imihlanga), kodwa ezinye izindawo lapho "isinkwa."

Kungcono ukuya esiteshini ukudoba osesikebheni motor. Kodwa komakhelwane Novaya Ladoga ezindaweni eziningi lapho kuyinto elula ukuze usakaze nenduku yokudoba iflothi noma ukuphotha kusukela ogwini. Atholakala Staraya Ladoga carp, perch, tench, bream, roach, isiphika, ide, bream, rotan, perch, Pike namanye zinhlobo izinhlanzi. Kukhona isikhala yokucwenga ezinjalo, okuvumela ukuba bangene emanzini futhi "ukuzingela" ekukhiqizeni izandla cishe elingenalutho. Sicela abadobi babamba umlomo nesplavnyh isiteshi nemingenela.

Ukudoba kungenzeka nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ukuze ukhethe ilungelo ngenela kanye lolo, ningaqiniseka ukuthi impumelelo.

Staraya Ladoga - into ngaphansi kwesivikelo UNESCO

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi isiteshi Staraya Ladoga, waphawula ngonyaka odlule unyaka wayo 285th, is esiqashwe UNESCO. Inhlangano ayifakile impahla ohlwini eziyiNgcebo Yomhlaba, ngoba zomlando eziligugu.

Ngeshwa, isiphetho the siteshi kuze ayengekho umphumela. Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, it is kancane befa. Amanzi angaphansi, imfucumfucu osebeni ezingasho njalo ngonyaka. Ngisho isimo ayinakho izinhlelo sikala kabusha Staraya Ladoga. Uma alulame futhi uyobe kuphela kulezo zindawo ukuthi zitholakala Shlisselburg futhi Novaya Ladoga.

isimangaliso ezenziwe umuntu

Umhlaba kungasiko okudaliwe wezandla zomuntu ukuthi ezikushiya ukhexile. Petrovsky isiteshi (aka Staroladozhsky) - omunye wabo. Abantu besikhathi sethu, spoilt entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi abantu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, ngaphandle imishini ekhethekile nezinye izinto, bakwazi ukwakha umshini ezinjalo. Namuhla, kubonakala sengathi i-fantasy yangempela. Kodwa eqinisweni, akukho magic wayengekho lapho. Vele izinkulungwane zezisebenzi ukwakhiwa baye badela ukuphila kwabo ngenxa zokufeza iphupho sikaPeter Omkhulu futhi wenza cishe ayinakwenzeka.

Lezi izisulu osikweleta khona kwabo kanye isiteshi uqobo kanye edolobheni, okuyiwona konke uqalwe futhi ubani lwaluyoba inhlokodolobha ekhazimulayo Empire Russian.