Lapho ayehlala khona Ermak umkhaya? Lapho waminza Ermak?

Ukunqoba eSiberia ngo Yermak - kuwukuziphatha okuyinto e nobukhulu bayo ingafaniswa kuphela ukunqoba Melika uHernán Cortés. Nokho, uma umnqobi abadumile iSpanishi, ungathola ulwazi oluningi oluchaza ngokuphila isikhulu Russian niyamazi amaqiniso ambalwa, futhi lokho ngempela impikiswano.

okwazalelwa Ermak

Njengoba yaziwa, ukunqoba eSiberia kwakuno ngekhulu le-16. Ngeshwa, ngaleso sikhathi isenzakalo ezifana ingane emkhayeni ompofu, ngokuvamile Abekho kuveza documentary. Akumangazi ukuthi namuhla akunakwenzeka ukunikeza impendulo eqondile yalo mbuzo othi: "Lapho wahlala Ermak umndeni ngesikhathi sokuzalwa?" Eminye imininingwane ngalolu daba ungaphakathi irekhodi Cherepanovsky, elichaza indlela Ngokuzayo isikhulu Umkhulu wasiza 'abantu oyiqhawe "Murom, wavalelwa ejele iminyaka okuyinto, kanye nomndeni wakhe esezinzile izigodi stroganoff. Nokho, abacwaningi abaningi bayanqikaza ukwethemba lo mbhalo wesandla, ikakhulukazi njengoba iningi labantu libonakala abalobi coachman abanekhono kusukela Tobolsk Ilya Cherepanov. Enye idokhumenti - "The Tale of eZweni laseSiberia" - njengoba indawo lapho umndeni owahlala khona Ermak eside ngaphambi kokuba azalwe, kubonisa Suzdal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla ezixoxwa uyisemkhulu namadodana akhe, elinye lawo ukuthi egama layo linguThimothewu, wathuthela Yuryevets-Povolsky, lapho kwakudingeka abazukulu ezinhlanu, kuhlanganise Basil. Njengoba kwashiwo kuyi-"Legend", kuba kamuva lo mfana eyayizoba umnqobi eSiberia.

okufushane Pomeranian ngemvelaphi Ataman

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umbuzo lapho umndeni owahlala khona Ermak, kufanele waphendula: "Edolobhaneni Borok Arkhangelsk Isifunda". Ukuze le nguqulo yegama isikhulu sika yangempela yayingewona Ermolai noma Yermil, futhi kuzofanele eVolga, ngokuzama ukubaleka indlala ukuthi esinamathambo North Russian. Kukhona insizwa afakiwe le "chury" (inceku Squire) kuya Cossack asebekhulile, futhi kusukela 1563 waqala ukuhamba amatende.

Life ngaphambi Ermak laseSiberia uhambo

Ulwazi kuphela obuphathekayo mayelana isikhulu biography ngaphambi kokuvela enkantolo ngesikhathi amazwe Stroganov - yizinkumbulo nabo-Cossacks. Ikakhulu, i-Veterans ezimbili baye babonisa ukuthi abantu iseyintsha kwabo inkonzo iVolga emizaneni ngaphansi umnqobi eSiberia. Ngakho, umbuzo lapho ayehlala Ermak mayelana 1565, zingaphendulwa, ukuthi yena wayengemuva iVolga esifundeni kanye kwakuyinqubo okwase kuyiminyaka umbuso umholi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi engengaphansi kwengu iminyaka engu-20. Olunye ulwazi mayelana migilingwane izikhali walondoloza Ermak. Ngokwesibonelo, incwadi evela Usigaxamabhande komuzi Lithuanian ka Mogilev King Stefan Batory ungabona ukuthi wahlanganyela iMpi Livonian njengoba uLieutenant Cossack futhi owayevelele ngesikhathi evimbezela inqaba Mogilev. Kamuva, iyunithi akhe kwasiza Khvorostinin ukumisa ngaphambi abaseSweden. Kepha ukuthi umfazi nabantwana bakwa-Ermak khona, khona-ke akukho ukuphathwa kwegama labo ayitholakalanga kunoma imuphi umthombo.

Ermak stroganoff

Ngo-1582, abathengisi abadumile Stroganov wamenywa ukuba inkonzo Cossack brigade, ehlanganisa 540 Cossacks. Umholi wabo kwaba Ermak isikhulu, okuyinto ngisho ke kwaba udumo eyiqhawe elinesibindi kanye umkhuzi kakhulu. Inhloso stroganoff yayiwukuvikela emazweni awo ekuhlaseleni njalo amabutho we laseSiberia Khan Kuchum. Amasosha efika e Chusovskye amadolobha ehlobo 1582 kwaze kwaba u-September, bese baya ukulwa ngoba ibhande itshe, ngalezo zinsuku wabizwa ngokuthi zase-Ural. Kukhona amarekhodi stroganoff "wayevule umnyango ngoba amadoda empi izinqolobane zabo," futhi wabalungiselela zonke adingekayo ukuze ukushaywa.

Ukunqoba eSiberia

Njengoba aphethe imoto Ermak Struga esetshenziswa. Zonke Cossacks babe 80 imikhumbi eyayiya ngoba ukushaywa kwabantu 840 bezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Ngemva ekuphumeni ngokusebenzisa amanzi kudlule Tagil, Ermak waphoqeleka ukuba udonse kanye phansi Struga Zheravlya udonse kuze kufike emfuleni bese ufika Tobol, loMfula lapho impi senzeka ngemakhilayoni laseSiberia Khan Kuchum. Njengoba wayinqoba impi, le Cossacks bawuthumba umuzi Kashlyk. Khona-ke ukukhothamela Ermak zaqala ukufika abameleli abantu bomdabu, okuyinto Ataman "abahlangane naye ngomusa 'futhi baphoqwa ukuba bafunge ukuthi bayoqhubeka bezithoba le Tsar Russian. Ngo-1582 wayiswa Ivanu Groznomu elilodwa ozakwabo nezindaba ezinhle ukunqoba yeSiberia. Inkosi yayijabulile nezindaba wathumela Yermak izipho abacebile 300 empi wangisiza. Lamabutho efika eSiberia ekwindla ka-1583. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi fortune wamuka isikhulu, eziningi izinduna zayo kwabulawa lapho belwa namaphoyisa AmaTatar.

Lapho waminza Ermak: ukuthi utshele Cossacks

Ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe, isikhulu adumile kwase kudlulile kakade umuntu sasivumela owaziwa, ngakho eminyakeni embalwa ngemva ukulwa empini yokugcina ibutho Cossacks Kuchum ngomyalo uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Tobolsk Kipriyano ukuthi uphenyo futhi esola lokusinda lihlobanisa Ermak. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikeza ubufakazi futhi amaTatar abambisana e amabutho khan.

Uma sihlanganise wonke amaqiniso eyethulwe ofakazi, isithombe esilandelayo siyavela: impi yokugcina esenzeka Awe-Pommel Vagayskoy lapho Cossacks bamisa. Bafaka "izilenge" palatki- phezu loMfula Irtysh, budebuduze amageja zabo, lapho iqhawe ngamunye kwadingeka indawo yayo futhi helmsman yayo. Ngalobo busuku, kwaba nesivunguvungu Kwagqashuka, ngakho lamabutho Kuchum ephethwe ukubamangaza. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu iningi Cossacks kungaba emikhunjini yabo futhi useyili. Ngaphezu kwalokho impikiswano kuzoqala ngo imithombo ebhalwe phansi. Ikakhulukazi, idokhumenti esalotshwa emazwini abasinde Veterans amabutho Ermak, wabonisa ukuthi benihlambalaza yena njengoba isikhulu ngaziphonsa nedlanzana elincane labangane, futhi bona kwesokunxele yesigameko mpi Strugi. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu nezinye ulwazi oluqukethwe amarekhodi sinodialnoy ukuthi namadiyakoni zaba sekwephuzile, futhi lapho ungafunda ngalokho wonke Cossacks wathatha ekufeni kanye Ermak, futhi munye kuphela babalekela, ekhuluma kokunqotshwa kwe lamabutho.

ukufa Ermak sika nge amazwi AmaTatar

Into ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi ulwazi mayelana isikhulu bafela amagagasi ngesikhathi Irtysh Vagayskoy uyakhothama itholakala kuphela okurekhodiwe owenziwe kusukela amazwi AmaTatar. Ikakhulukazi, amasosha amaningi wangaphambili Khan Kuchum wagomela ngokuthi Ermak namanje wakunqoba abahlaseli futhi uzama ukuthola okuya Cossack imikhumbi yacwila. Kulokhu, akukho amarekhodi akhombisa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi phezu Ataman zempi.

Izinganekwane lomthumbi yeSiberia

Njengoba ukuphila nokufa isikhulu omkhulu leminyaka elidlule usezuze okuningi nezinganekwane. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye legends okukhulunywe Kukhanseliwe unkosikazi Ermak. Njengoba kushiwo isiko Cossack, kanye lwesiTatar Murza Sargachskoy lesifunda, abafisa ukuthola ubungane Ermak, wamyisa ekamu ngendodakazi yakhe enhle, futhi owavolontiya ukumthatha abe ngumkakhe. Nokho Ataman ungafuni futhi wathumela emzini wakhe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, wonke umuntu uyazi indaba uchungechunge mail, okuthiwa ezinikelwe Ermaku Ivan le Kubi futhi waba imbangela yokufa hero. Ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, ngisho noma isikhulu kwaba ezansi noMfula Irtysh ngenxa zempi esindayo, abakwazanga kube yisipho inkosi.

Umlando - incwadi ongasoze ebhaliwe kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has a lot of Amakhasi ezimhlophe ezingakwenza uphuphume umcwaningi ecophelelayo. Zingase ngolunye usuku ukuba ukwazi ukuthola lapho umndeni owahlala khona Ermak, noma bazokwazi ukusitshela yimuphi amaqiniso athakazelisa regarding identity hero kazwelonke we-Russia, owanqoba i-lokhokho bakhe expanses enkulukazi eSiberia.