INdlela Balts e Sea bebelokhu baziwa kusukela kudala,

Ukuze sithungathe endleleni Baltic kuya oLwandle Olumnyama, kubalulekile ukuqonda lapho lezi imigwaqo kungaholela, bobani aseBaltic, nakuba kusukela igama laba bantu kuyacaca ukuthi yayihlobene ngokuqondile nokuhlela oLwandle iBaltic. Ngokusobala, igama collective endulo ingeyamakhosi kwamaqembu ezinhlanga abahlala ngasosebeni lwale lokhu elula yamanzi. "Balta. Abantu Amber Yasolwandle "- yigama incwadi esizinikezele umlando yalezi zizwe. Ngaphansi kwalo "iKhabhinethi" eside ukufaka inqwaba yezizwe - estii Prussia, golyadi, Cours, Samogitians nabanye.

Indlela eyayikhona phambi Rurik

Black Sea, okuqondene Atlantic Ocean elisemcengezini, ngokusebenzisa Bosporus futhi iDardanelles sisebunzimeni ngenxa luya eMedithera, okuyinto yena, ehlangene Atlantic futhi Oceans Indian. It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi indlela ezabekwa kolwandle, ukubumbana emazweni amaningana, futhi zingene India sabantu basenyakatho mgwaqo esifushane kuka imvilophu yeYurophu evela entshonalanga. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ubizwa ngokuthi ulwandle esiwugwadule, Pont Axinus. Leli gama kususelwe ubunzima navigation nendluzula abukhali zezizwe abahlala ngasosebeni lwale ndawo. Noma kunjalo, izazi zezinkanyezi bafinyelele imigomo yabo, futhi Hercules ngokuphumelelayo Izenzo zakhe.

INdlela Balts e Sea ziye zabeka kudala, ngoba uhwebo lwalubalulekile ingxenye eyinhloko kakhulu ekuthuthukeni uthi lasendulo. Yiqiniso, Balts ungawa ku Sea eMedithera. Kodwa kulula, ngokushesha futhi eshibhile kuya ogwini wasePontu ngokuzalwa ababengashunyayezwa phezu kwemifula futhi izwe, ulwandle kanye ke wade wayiyisa eByzantium nangale.

Enye yalezi imigwaqo 'wayephuma amaViking amaGreki. " Kukhona nezinye izindlela kancane kudlule phezu kwemifula yeYurophu, kancane emhlabathini. Khona-ke, phezu Emnyama noma izilwandle Mediterranean kukhona phakathi kwamazwe aseNyakatho. Abathengisi bathole indlela engcono kakhulu imikhiqizo ethandwa. Kusukela enyakatho uboya kwenziwe, inhlaka, zasolwandle izindophi izihloko zamazinyo endlovu, insimbi, eluhlaza nokuningi. Kusukela wayiyisa eByzantium, kwadingeka eliphakeme ukuthuthukiswa, izincwadi eyenziwa nezimpawu, usilika, iwayini kanye nezinongo. "Inkathi Yokuchuma" Baltic zaba-II V leminyaka BC. At ekuqaleni we nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo Balts zidayiselwe imikhiqizo endaweni yawo izizwe zamaJalimane, othumele kubo (ikakhulukazi amber) eningizimu olwengeziwe. Indlela wabizwa ngokuthi - Amber.

Kusukela Baltic luya eMedithera

INdlela Balts e Sea ngokuyinhloko eByzantium noma kuleli koloni ogwini olusenyakatho yoLwandle Olumnyama bese ngokusebenzisa besebunzimeni - eRoma bese kuba iGrisi. Noma amanzi nezwe nemizila emabhishi Mediterranean, bese ngokusebenzisa Bosporus kuya Black.

I amber imigwaqo eyaziwa kakhulu okuholela luya eMedithera, ubungase ezifana namanzi kanye umzila onqamula ezweni osuka emlonyeni Elbe eduze Weser-German ukuze ujike entshonalanga, eduze lasePaderborn yanamuhla, maqondana Rhine, lapho baya Basel. Nalapha futhi waqala kwesigaba somhlaba ukuze osebeni Rhône, lapho izimpahla ukuwela uLwandle iMedithera.

Eyesibili indlela eyayithandwa ukuthi okubuya Gdansk Bay. Ngaphezu kwalokho eduze nemifula Vistula, Warta, Morava ukuba iDanube uye eVienna, bese elomile ukuba ogwini lwase-Adriatic. Lezi lasendulo amber traffic lula ukulethwa itshe ilanga emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke kusukela ezikhathini komlando. Amber itholakala imibhoshongo ecijile yaseGibithe futhi Emathuneni asendulo ngesiGreki.

amber imizila

Kamuva, lapho indlela aseBaltic e Sea ezazakhiwe (walawula izizwe empini, bafinyelela esivumelwaneni ngokuphepha wezimpahla), imikhiqizo steel ithunyelwa ngokushesha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi bona Balts (Prussians kwasekuqaleni, njengoba kwakunjalo lokhu isizwe owakhiwe abacebe amber nogu oLwandle iBaltic) itshe solar awuzange iphathwa hhayi misela - babuthela kulahliwe amagagasi izipho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zenza kusimangaze Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthola izidingo inhlaka, okuyinto ibanga ukusuka oLwandle iBaltic zenani ziqhubeka zithuthuka. Ezikhathini zasendulo, maphakathi solar itshe ukucutshungulwa Aquileia laliwumuzi eRoma yasendulo. Ukusebenzisa amber imizila okuholela ogwini Mediterranean, abathengisi baphoqeleka ukuba uthole eConstantinople ngokusebenzisa sisebunzimeni. Ngo umgwaqo jikelele izoxhumanisa aseBaltic kanye Black Sea Coast kamuva kwaba kakhulu.

Likuphi amanzi, lapho zazikhishwa

INdlela Balts oLwandle abamnyama ngakho sungula omunye izazi-mlando zasendulo ngephutha wagomela ngokuthi lezi kwezilwandle kuthiwa kuhlobene Strait. Kuzo zonke imigwaqo, kukhona ezintathu ethandwa kakhulu.

Esokuqala kwaba phezu Vistula, Sana'a, Dnieper. Esesibili - kwi Neman futhi le nemingenela ka Dnieper, ukuthi nje ngokuthi "kusukela amaViking amaGreki." Umugqa wesithathu lakhiwa futhi yingcweti e III-V eminyaka Neve futhi Dnieper. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi bangabafokazi wonke amanzi ezweni, okusho ezinye izingxenye umzila sakhungathekiswa noma udonse (by cash on izingodo udonse isitsha), noma izimpahla sigudluke umhlaba kwezidingo izinhlelo.

Kamuva emiseleni enambiwa endaweni izintamo. Zonke izindlela ezaholela kusukela Baltic kuya oLwandle Olumnyama, ekuqaleni kwaholela Dnieper ke, odlulayo imibundu esiyingozi Dnipro e Pont Axinus. Kamuva, abaningi izimpahla zilethwe enyakatho lemigwaqo, kodwa ekuqaleni iningi wezimpahla kwaba inhlaka, futhi ngakho ayebhekwa amber.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, besebenzisa yezindlela zasolwandle yoLwandle Olumnyama, izimpahla zazidilivwa WaseByzantium, inhloko-dolobha elalisendaweni ogwini kolwandle, noma amaGreki asendulo esekelwe kuleli koloni, okwakukhona ikakhulukazi enyakatho Black Sea coast. Iqiniso lokuthi, naphezu kwengozi engase imehlele, umgwaqo ngokuxhumanisa oLwandle Olumnyama ne-Mediterranean, ziye ukusetshenziselwa kusukela kudala, etha kuhlanganise izindaba eziqanjiwe nezinganekwane yaseGrisi yasendulo.