Igama elithi "imisebenzi emakethe evulekile" kusho .. Ingqikithi imisebenzi emakethe evulekile futhi isicelo sabo emazweni ahlukahlukene

Igama elithi "evulekile imisebenzi emakethe" kusho iqoqo izenzo ibhange central ukushintsha zezimali uhlelo lwezimali. Ekusebenteni, kukhona nokwanda noma ukuncipha supply lwemali kazwelonke ejikelezayo. Kuze kube yimanje, izibopho kahulumeni zidayiswa noma ngithenge yibhange emaphakathi emakethe evulekile (kungakho igama) futhi ehilelekile lokuyihlenga ukuthengiselana, okuyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu yesimanje komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali insimbi izikhungo ukuhweba ngemali. Umgomo wayo lomkhulu njalo ukuqinisekisa ezanele zezimali ezingeni, lapho kusungulwa i-kudingekile senzalo, lwemali, ukuwa kwamandla emali esikhathini esifushane kanye nokugcina ububanzi yecebo base yemali.

Ingqikithi inqubo

Igama elithi "imisebenzi emakethe evulekile" kusho ibhange elikhulu nohlobo kunomthelela oqonde ngqo ku zezimali. It has akhawunti ekhethekile Loro izikhungo kwezohwebo. ibhalansi yabo ibonisa emaphakathi imali ebhange lwemali abafanele. Ukwandisa inani ekulandiseni aliholeli a saziso olwengeziwe kuyi imali yamaphepha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imali lanamuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu ngesimo Amarekhodi ngogesi, kunokuba lezinto ngokomzimba. Ngakho-ke, ibhange central ungakwazi kweso ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa isamba akhawunti Loro. Nokho, imali electronic umklomelo zemali banknotes. Ngakho-ke, ngemva ukukhulisa inani ku-akhawunti Loro Central Bank kufanele kube isilungele udaba olwengeziwe. Nokho, kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi imali kudinga isikhungo sezezimali kwezohwebo.

repo ukuthengiselana

Igama elithi "evulekile imisebenzi emakethe" kusho emazweni asethuthukile, ibhange elikhulu nohlobo akamane nje ukunikeza ebolekiwe, ukuthatha izimpahla njengoba eseduze ukuthi ithathwa njengokuhlola efanelekayo. Lokho okwakudingeka ukuze kukhokhwe yokugcina kufanele amboze lemali olunikezwa izikhungo commercial zezimali kanye credit ngesikweletu. Ukusetshenziswa repos ukugwema iyehla iyenyuka okungenasidingo zenzalo, exchange rate kanye kwamandla emali, ehambisana ne-ushintsho elibukhali komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali. Ukuhlinzekwa futhi sokuthi emnothweni kazwelonke ngeke balahlekelwa uma kwenzeka ucabanga umboleki sika.

Interconnection nge zenzalo

Igama elithi "imisebenzi emakethe evulekile" kusho ithuluzi komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali, okubandakanya ethengiwe noma ukuthengiswa emaphakathi izibopho ebhange. Injongo eyinhloko izenzo ezinjalo kuba okuhlobene ukulawulwa usayizi base yemali futhi short-term abolekise amazinga. Futhi, ngesikhathi le misebenzi kuyahlukahluka izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali futhi izinga lokushintshisana. Konke kuyafana ne izimpahla. Uma Central Bank iqala ukuthengisa izibopho kahulumeni, i-zezimali uhlelo lwezimali kuyehla. Esikhathini emuva kuba imali encane. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kule jikelele ukufunwa imali. Ngakho, amazinga enzalo basukume, lwemali kazwelonke wamqinisa emali incipha. Uma udinga ukusika zenzalo, ibhange central ethengisa kumasheya ezindawo zikahulumeni. Lokhu kwandisa supply imali. Eqinisweni, impela ngokwezimali-credit inhlangano enkulu Ungahlala nomthelela ezingeni amanani. Kodwa Central Bank has imithombo engapheli, ukuze uphinde udlale isimo.

E-US,

Ngemva kunezinkinga zemali yonke, Fed waqala ukukhokha inzalo ngokweqile izinqolobane ebhange. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi ngamabhange elikhiphe credits ababoleka ethambile. Izenzo we Central Bank ngo emakethe exchange angaphandle lingama ngobusuku obubodwa repo imisebenzi. Zisetshenziswa ukunyuselwa yesikhashana supply imali. I Fed futhi angenele repo reverse. Zisetshenziswa uma kudingekile ukunciphisa supply imali. Repos esetshenziselwa isinxephezelo yesikhashana izinguquko izinqolobane ebhange. I Fed uqhuba sebanga ukudayiswa sokugcina noma ukuthengwa izibopho kahulumeni noma ezinye amagugu zezimali.

Ngo-EU,

I-European Union uye wasebenzisa izinsimbi ezifanayo wesi yemali. ECB uchaza inqubomgomo yemali njengoba ezine. Lokho ezisetshenziswa imisebenzi incike elamukelekile futhi isidingo sokushintsha emkhakheni wezezimali esikhathini esifushane noma eside.

Esikhathini Russian Federation

Central Bank of Russia futhi isebenzisa ukuthengiselana okukhulunywa njengengxenye inqubomgomo yayo. Nokho, umgamu wawo lincane kakhulu e-US. Injongo Bank of Russia wukuqinisekisa ukuzinza ruble, ukusebenza bushelelezi kanye nokuqinisa emkhakheni wezezimali. REPO imisebenzi ngenxa Russian Federation ithuluzi zokulawula empeleni esasisesisha, kodwa esetshenziswa kabanzi futhi banamathemba kuhle ukuqhubeka.