Lexicology ukuthi izifundo? Yegatsha isayensi ukutadisha ulwazimagama

Lexicology - isayensi ogxile nesilulumagama ngolimi oluthile. It has imithetho yayo kanye nezigaba. Lexicology ukuthi izifundo? Lokhu isayensi nezici ezihlukahlukene amazwi, kanye nemisebenzi yabo kanye nentuthuko.

Umcabango

Lexicology - isayensi study nesilulumagama ulimi kanye nezici zayo. Isihloko lesi sigaba wesayensi yezilimi okulandelayo:

• Imisebenzi ye-amayunithi lucebe.
• Inkinga yokukhuluma njengoba liyisici esiyisisekelo abamelwe kolimi.
• Izinhlobo namayunithi lucebe.
• Isakhiwo nesilulumagama ulimi.

Lena akuyona uhlu oluphelele izifundo ukuthi lexicology. Lokhu isayensi uphathelene ukuthuthukisa ekwandiseni nesilulumagama, kanye ngokucabangela ukuxhumana futhi umehluko phakathi amayunithi lucebe.

into yokutadisha

Igama kanye nencazelo yalo - luyisisekelo wesayensi eziningi. Lezi izinkinga asebenzelana ngayo morphology, kanye izindawo ezahlukene kwakhiwa kwemagama. Nokho, uma la mazwi sciences izindlela ukutadisha takhi teluhlelo lelulwimi noma ukuhlola onobuhle ezahlukene for ezahlukeneyo ezahlukene kwakhiwa kwemagama ke, ukuthi uhlola lexicology, isetshenziswa ngqo ukuze bakwazi imininingwane amazwi kakhulu. amayunithi lucebe zibonakala hhayi nje uchungechunge izinhlamvu nemisindo, futhi kuyinto uhlelo oluhlangene ukuthi ine imisebenzi zokuxhumana yayo, izigaba kanye imiqondo. Kuyinto into ukutadisha Leksikhografu. Sidingida amazwi hhayi elilodwa futhi isichazamazwi lonke njengoba into yonke futhi indivisible.

Le ndlela has izici zayo siqu. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba kuthiwe isigaba amayunithi lucebe amagama nje kuphela, kodwa futhi isethi namatemu banendima ethile zezibalo.

inkinga izwi

Lexicology ka yolimi lwanamuhla Russian ligxile into bese isihloko isifundo sakhe. Njengoba igama elithi zithathwa njengeziNdawo ezingamaGugu uhlobo iyunithi ukuthi ine ubudlelwano phakathi ifomu kanye nokuqukethwe, kubhekwa ezicini ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Wezakhiwo. Tadisha ifomu Igama, isimo sawo futhi izingxenye zalo ingxenye.
• Semantic. Esikhuluma ngokubaluleka amayunithi lucebe.
• Functional. Sidingida indima amazwi ekukhulumeni isakhiwo ulimi.

Uma sikhuluma isici lokuqala, lexicology - isayensi elikhulula letitsite sokunquma umehluko nobunikazi ngemagama latimele. Ngenxa yalesi amayunithi lucebe kuqhathaniswa ne imishwana, kanye nokuthuthukisa ngohlaka kohlaziyo elikuvumela ukusetha amazwi invariants.

Ngokuqondene isici semantic, ukuthi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuhlela isayensi ahlukene - semasiology. Sidingida ubudlelwano phakathi igama into ethile. Kubalulekile Lexicology. It study izwi nencazelo yalo, kanye nezigaba zayo ngazinye nezinhlobo elikuvumela ukugqamisa imiqondo ezifana monosimiya (ubunjalo) kanye polisimiya (emagama). Lexicology futhi iphenya izimbangela ukuthi zisenza sibe noma ukulahleka izwi namagugu abo.

isici Functional ucabangela iyunithi lucebe njengento ephathelene nezinye izakhi ezifanayo futhi yakha lonke uhlelo lolimi. Lapha indima ebalulekile nokuxhumana lolufanele lwesilulumagama nelulwimi okuyinto, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusekela kanye ngakolunye - nomkhawulo nomunye.

Umqondo nesilulumagama

Lexicology ephatha inkulumo njengoba uhlelo ukuthi siqukethe subsystems eziningana. amayunithi lucebe emacembu ahlukile ngobukhulu, ifomu kanye nokuqukethwe. Lena yingxenye yalokho study lexicology. Silulumagama wafunda kanyekanye ngezindlela ezimbili: njengoba ubudlelwane iqembu phakathi amayunithi ngabanye nokuthi zikuphi efanele maqondana nomunye. Ngenxa yalesi ulimi zingahlukaniswa izigaba ehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, ipholisemi omabizwafane, ladidako, omqondofana, aphikisanayo, tetralogy et al.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke igatsha wesayensi yezilimi, kuhlanganise Russian noma ngesiNgisi Lexicology, study amaqembu bulkier lwamagama abizwa ngokuthi Amasimu. Ngokuvamile kusekelwe emkhakheni nucleus, isibonelo, inombolo ethile abalulekile, kanye imingcele okuyizinto ezahlukene paradigmatic, semantic, lolimi noma ezinye izinhlobo ubudlelwane nalezi amayunithi lucebe.

Amaforamu lexicology

Njenganoma iyiphi enye isayensi, lexicology has ohlelweni lwaso eyala ukuthi banesibopho sesaba ukuhlanganyela ezicini ezithile entweni futhi isihloko cwaningo:

• Semasiology. It is waziphatha incazelo yamagama nemishwana.
• Onomasiology. Sidingida inqubo nokutjho izinto zenzakalo.
• Etymology. Ihlola umsuka amazwi.
• Onomastics. Ukwenza amagama abo. Lokhu kusebenza kokubili amagama abantu kanye namagama ndawo.
• Stylistics. Ukuhlola lokho okushiwo amazwi namazwi imvelo inshokutsi lebhacile.
• Lexicography. It is waziphatha inhlangano nezindlela bokwakha izichazamagama.
• Phraseology. Ihlola tisho Inkulumo eziphikelelayo.

Amaforamu lexicology babe isigaba zabo, kanye into bese isihloko cwaningo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwaba ezinye izinhlobo zalesi isayensi. Ikakhulukazi, sikhuluma jikelele, ngasese, zomlando, ukuqhathanisa kanye isicelo lexicology. Uhlobo lokuqala unesibopho imithetho jikelele ulimi, ezihlanganisa isakhiwo yayo, izigaba yentuthuko, kanye neminye imisebenzi. Lexicology Private iphenya ngolimi oluthile. uhlobo zomlando unesibopho ukuthuthukiswa izwi ngokuqondene umlando amagama lezinto kanye izenzakalo. Ngokuqhathanisa Lexicology iphenya amazwi ukuhlonza ubuhlobo phakathi kwezilimi ezahlukene. Uhlobo yokugcina unesibopho izinqubo ezifana isiko yokukhuluma, ikakhulu umsebenzi wokuhumushela, pedagogy kwezilimi Leksikhografu.

Isigaba amayunithi lucebe

Nesilulumagama yiluphi ulimi kwehlukahlukana futhi heterogeneity. Ngakho, izigaba ukukhululwa ezithinta siqu izici zabo ezihlukile izici. lexicology Russian oyibona kusengaphambili subtypes ezilandelayo:

• Ngo Ububanzi: obscheupotreblyaemye amazwi namayunithi lucebe, ezisetshenziswa ezimweni ezikhethekile (isayensi, izinkondlo, lomdabu, sigodzi, njll ..).
• Ngu ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo: amayunithi hlangothi futhi ethinta imizwelo.
• Ngokusho ekuthuthukiseni zomlando: neologisms futhi archaisms.
• Esikhathini sawo sokuphila ngemvelaphi nokuthuthuka: nemave kanye ebolekiwe, njll ..
• Ngokuya ukusebenza - yekwentiwa amayunithi lucebe, kanye occasionalisms.

Banikezwe ukuthuthukiswa esiqhubekayo ulimi, imingcele phakathi kwamagama ibingakaziwa, futhi sebengakwazi eqenjini eyodwa kuya kwenye.

izinkinga

Njenganoma iyiphi enye isayensi, lexicology is ekubhekaneni nezinkinga ezithile. ochwepheshe anamuhla lokhu okulandelayo:

• Imvamisa zamagama embhalweni.
• Umehluko phakathi izinto lucebe ngokubhala nasenkulumweni.
• amazwi Amathuba ezikuvumela ukudala amagama amasha ngoba izinto kanye izenzakalo.
• Ukushintsha ulimi yamanani.

Isayensi nayo ukuhlola okukhethwa kukho inhlanganisela yamagama on emazingeni ehlukene: i semantic futhi lucebe.

izindlela silulumagama

Lexicology iphenya kokuphakanyiswa kwamagama ongakhetha. Lokhu kusho ukusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene kanye nezindlela ekwandiseni ulwazimagama. Lokhu kungase kusetshenziswe njengoba izinsiza sangaphakathi ngolimi oluthile, futhi ukubandakanywa nezinye amayunithi lucebe limi. Kukhona ngezindlela ezilandelayo ubuyise nesilulumagama:

• Kwakhiwa kwemagama - ukudalwa amagama amasha.
• Ukwakhiwa nezincazelo entsha ngoba amazwi ekhona: polysemy, ukudluliswa amagugu kanye nabanye.
• Ezemfundo imishwana eziphikelelayo.
• Kwemali.

Lezi zinqubo nobuntu yiluphi ulimi, kodwa esimweni ngasinye anezici abo nezici ehlukile.

izindlela

Izidingo zabo lexicology uyawuthanda izindlela jikelele ucwaningo namalimi wemiphakathi. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Distribution. Ingabe unesibopho sokunquma lucebe iyunithi ozimele, futhi inombolo yamanani abanye.
• Wokumelana. Uhlola lo mkhuba bomcondvofana kanye ukwahlukahlukana amazwi.
• indlela Uphiko. Unesibopho cleavage amayunithi lucebe e yezingxenye ngazinye nokwakheka kwawo jikelele esethembise umshado.
• Uguquko. Asetshenziswa inqubo kwemagama ukuze ukuhlonza izingxenye eyinhloko izwi.
• indlela ezibalo. Kuncuma nokuvama ukusetshenziswa amayunithi lucebe, kanye sokubalwa ezinhlobo zazo semantic, paradigmatic nezinye uxhumano.

Ulwazi etholwe izindlela yalezi zindlela, wasebenzisa isayensi ethile komunye umkhakha, ezifana Psycholinguistics, Neurolinguistics, kanye eziningi social sciences.