Makovsky Konstantin Egorovich: Biography, umsebenzi

Makovsky Konstantin Egorovich (1839-1915) - a darling ujabule fortune - wakhulela endaweni lapho konke ephefumula art. Wayethanda ubuhle zonke izinhlobo zawo futhi ukubonakaliswa futhi washesha bamba yayo emidwebweni yabo.

umndeni Makovsky

Makovsky umkhaya omkhulu, ehlanganisa uyise Yegor Ivanovich, owathanda ubuciko ngokwethembeka futhi wenza okuningi kakhulu ukuze adale School of Painting kanye Umfanekiso ku Moscow, umculi umama omuhle Lyubov Kornilievny, amadodana amathathu kwaboshwa nodade ababili futhi owayehlala efulethini elikhulu ku zokwamukela Moskva River yashayisa unqenqema. I ezibiyele ubonakala kusukela amafasitela. Kukho kwakukhona Glinka, Gogol, Pushkin, Shchepkin, futhi kamuva K. P. Bryullov, VA Tropinin. Zonke izingane zazikhula, ucabangela ukuqoqwa uyise, ukulalela izingxoxo mayelana ezobuciko, umculo, imidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye nezincwadi. Ubaba ngokuhlonipha libhekisela ubuciko, ucabangela ukuthi ofaka a lwesintu umuntu. Wayesebenza namadodana akhe, nibafundise ukwenza amakhophi yezicathulo zakhe ezingavamile. Kodwa ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ngenza Tropinin, ababemlandela eduze kwaboc. Zonke zangenela baba abadwebi, kodwa wasebenza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomculo. Makovsky Konstantin Egorovich, ukuqalisa ukudweba iminyaka esuka kwemine kuya eminyakeni eyishumi nambili waqala ukuthola imfundo professional.

kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo

Ngo 1851 smart umfana engena eMoscow School of Painting. Wayefanele othisha MI Scotty futhi SK Zaryanko. Kodwa ithonya elikhulu kuye Tropinin futhi Bryullov, ngaleso sikhathi owayese ngesikhathi zenith odumo. Eminyakeni eyisithupha e esikoleni wagijima efana flash, futhi manje Makovsky Konstantin Egorovich ngo-1857, wathumela ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-St Petersburg, ngesikhathi Academy of Fine Arts. Yayithanda Umdwebo zomlando. Ngomnyaka wesihlanu ukuqeqeshwa ngo-1862, wathola indondo umdwebo "I-ejenti wendodana Pretender Dmitri ngokubulala Borisa Godunova." Kulotshiwe njengoba umsebenzi zomlando romantic. Kodwa ngemva konyaka, ukwenqabela ukupenda ngesihloko esithi ehlongozwayo ngu Academy, Makovsky Konstantin Egorovich ephuma Academy of Arts. Wathola isihloko lomdwebi degrees 2 kuphela. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, wayeyoba i academician.

Ukuqalisa

Umdwebi abasha awuzange ishaqeke. Wayeke ayedumile ngokubhala nesithome Tsar umkhululi ngokuba embasi Russian eLondon ngo isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, konke endaweni eyodwa kweseshini. Lokhu ukunakekela umsebenzi wakhe asebukhosini akuyona bephoqeleka ukuba balinde oda kusukela amakhasimende imfashini. Esikhathini 60s umculi uye wasebenza phezu ekumeni izicukuthwane. Ngokwemvelo, ukudlondlobala nomholo wakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, Makovsky Konstantin Egorovich Yena uthola inkazimulo portraitist ekhaliphile. ekumeni kwakhe esisemthethweni mihle kakhulu, zinjengokubengezela kanye nokusungulwa. Ngokumangalisayo kahle ezibhaliwe imivimbo ukukhanya kanye Indwangu esobala kanye Velvety, amagugu elikhazimulayo on yakhe izandla, izintamo, izindlebe, kwamagoda segolide, amabhande endwangu ngokwabo Order. Ukujula Psychology ukuvezwa kuchazwa uhlamvu abazi kuhluke. Kodwa-ke akudingi amakhasimende ayo.

Ekumeni amalungu asebukhosini kanye nabasizi babo

Kusukela kakhulu elinomhlwenga ukuguga kakhulu kuyoba komdwebi enkantolo Makovsky. Wayala portrait kaKesari futhi iNdlovukazi, Grand Duke futhi Grand Duchess, futhi indawo yabo esiphakeme. Zonke lezi imidwebo libonise okwandisa amakhono omsebenzi umdwebi. Aesthetically azilona uyabukeka emehlweni. Beautiful amamodeli ngokwabo kanye wonke nethimba elibazungezile. "Portrait of Countess Maria Mikhailovna Volkonskaya" ngokumelene ngaphansi kwesimo burgundy drapes ezijulile. kakhulu Isihlalo lapho ihlala lo Countess, nokubomvu, zalungisa ngegolide, kuso ngobudedengu aphonswe phezu izimpawulo ngombala Ermine. INhloko Countess nge izinwele elula bushelelezi ehlotshiswe umqhele amnyama ngamatshe ayigugu, okuyinto ezokwenzeka isitayela umhlobiso entanyeni. Snow-white imodeli ingubo kuphazanyiswa obucayi isikhumba esimhlophe yezandla namahlombe. intamo round lihlotshiswe umdweshu okwesibhakabhaka, izimpaphe ibhroshi nge emeralds. Ezandleni zakhe, ihlobe namasongo amasongo, - fan isigamu-evulekile. Imifekethiso kusukela okuya phansi ukuze umphetho izimbali ayevumela kanye amahlamvu umhlobiso uqeda ingubo. Imodeli uyabulawa isithunzi ethule.

domesticity

Esikhathini esithile Makovsky amadlingozi, isitayela okwangempela. Lena inkathi rapprochement ne Wanderers. Makovsky Konstantin Egorovich, ogama imidwebo libonise imidwebo isihawu phezu ukuphila kwabantu abavamile Petersburg, isibonelo, "Umfelokazi" noma "wezingubo", akuhlangene ne okwangempela ezibucayi kufanele. Kodwa kwakungegazi 70s Makovsky ukuthuthela eduze nezwe omculo Petersburg ngo-1866 ashade actress Elena Timofyevna Burkova. Ngo ekhaya kwabo kube mnandi futhi banomoya wokungenisa izihambi kukhona abaqambi, abaculi, abaculi namalungu "Onamandla idlanzana". Kodwa injabulo ka-umbhangqwana osemusha kwenzakala eyesikhashana - umfazi wagula waphathwa isifo sofuba futhi washona ngo-1873. Ngo 1874, "Phakathi komsindo ibhola," umculi Makovsky Konstantin Egorovich bajwayelane intombazanyana wobuhle abatelekile - Yulia Pavlovna Letkovoy. Akayena kuphela enhle njengoba ingelosi, kodwa zomculo. soprano Ikuye, uKonstantin Nina akuyona kuphela enhle, uzilungise, uthandeka kanjani, kodwa futhi unalo Baritone enhle, futhi ucula esiteji okhokhelwayo. Ngakho bheka ngaphambi komshado Makovsky Konstantin Egorovich. I-portrait kwezakhe. Ngokuvamile, umshado senzeka ngo-1875. Umehluko yobudala akazange awabakhathazi e engamashumi amabili. Kodwa ngo-1873 - 1876 iminyaka umculi wahambela Afrika, ngokunembile, eCairo. Kusuka lapho, umculi Makovsky Konstantin Egorovich imidwebo kanye imidwebo kuletha angavamile. umbala wabo egqamile empumalanga nezithombe ugcwele zokuphila ngokuqiniseka. A lwasemaphusheni ubuhle futhi olunothile, okuxhunyanwa flavour okubabayo aseMpumalanga, Umdwebo "Isandiso of Sacred Carpet e Cairo" (1896), iyoba kumbusi. Makovsky umndeni uhlala e-Paris, ukuhlangana khona nomkhaya Viardot ke Petersburg, kuxhunyanwa abaculi Russian. emshadweni wabo, okuyisona kuze 1898, okuzelwe izingane ezintathu. Kodwa umculi yokubonisana uthando wahosha ukunakwa ubuhle ebukekayo Maria Alekseevnu Matavtinu ashada naye ngemva kwesehlukaniso. Lokhu kusiza saba nezingane ezine. Umdwebi bathandile ukudweba nezingane, futhi ekumeni umndeni. Baqhubeka kakhulu.

Imidwebo izindikimba zomlando

Makovsky etholakele uyise abanothando lokuqoqa amaqoqo. Ufuna futhi ezidinga izinto zokuphila lasendulo, imigexo, izingubo zokugqoka, okungase kusetshenziswe Umdwebo njalo. Compositionally, ziyafana isigaba waseshashalazini, njengoba umculi ubelokhu enesithakazelo yaseshashalazini njalo. Enje "okuhleliwe" isithombe angabhekwa "Boyarsky edilini lomshado ekhulwini XVII" (1883). Lokhu multi-sibalo Umdwebo zokuhlobisa kuthinta, ngokuchichima edwetshwe ezibizayo yasendlini izinto (amazinyo endlovu), izinto phesheya nokuthola izinkomishi ezakheke ehlukahlukene yinqaba, izingubo exotic izindwangu ka brocade futhi velvet rytogo. Idili luphela, futhi wenze isidlo isignesha - dada. Umdwebo efana neminye imisebenzi eminingi ngokuhlangenwe umculi, "washiya" phesheya, ekuqaleni wayenomkhuba Melika, futhi manje - eNetherlands. Futhi, imisebenzi ezimibalabala nezinye ngokuhlangenwe umculi, balandela kamuva - "Gqoka likamakoti abhekisela ngayo ealtare" (1890), "noma ukuqabulana isiko" (1895), ngokusekelwe isiqephu kusukela inoveli by UTolstoy "Isiliva Prince", nabanye abaningi kulolu chungechunge. Le misebenzi kufanele kucatjangwe ngako ngekucophelela, obujabulela imininingwane, imininingwane bonke ubuhle babo, ujabulela segolide noma isiliva umbala wabo ezivamile. Ehlukile "Boyarsky uhlobo" yasungulwa Konstantin Egorovich Makovsky. Incazelo izithombe ukusetshenziswa kancane, kuphela emehlweni sesibukeli futhi bambonise ukuthungwa izindwangu kanye umhlobiso izakhiwo, kanye nomzimba omncane isikhumba obucayi ebusweni amantombazane, amahloni abo, kokuzitika izingubo. Konke lokhu othanda kakhulu abezinye izizwe, futhi iningi nemisebenzi emaqoqweni yangasese phesheya. Makovsky Art Kulindeleke ukuvela kufanekisa futhi Art Nouveau. Iphinde nje waphuphuthekisa ubuhle ngiyaphupha.

Abesifazane kanye amakhanda zezingane

Lezi imidwebo encane eyayithandwa kakhulu. Beautiful ubuso ku boyaryshen umnqwazo nje ukunikeza ithuba uthinte ubumsulwa wentombazane ubuhle, wayakha Airy izindwangu, multi-irowu ubuhlalu, uhlanganyela namacici. amehlo Huge ukuthi ufuna minza, amnyama amashiya Sable vrazlet, izindebe okububende kanye emakhoneni ephakanyiswe - konke nobabazekayo. Akumangalisi ngokuphindaphindiwe yakopishwa noma ishicilelwe ngifaka.

ukufa umdwebi sika

Makovsky Konstantin Egorovich, ogama biography kokuphelele kwakukhona ukujabula, nalapho afike ashonela khona ngaphambi inguquko, ngo-1915. Wayeneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nesithupha. Washiya ifa abalulekile, ingxenye okuyinto okuthengiswa umfelokazi. Yena ungcwatshwe Petersburg mculi. Kodwa ngemva kwezenzakalo-mbuso ka-ithuna lalahleka.