Ukuthungatha Iqiniso E-ifilosofi nezidukisayo

umbuzo bangempela epistemology

Enye yezinkinga zezwe kubalulekile kakhulu namuhla udaba weqiniso. Ukumazi wakhe - enye yezinkinga ukuphokophela iningi epistemology.

Ososayensi abaningi, sihlola izindawo okwakubulawelwa kuzo umbuzo okuyiqiniso ifilosofi, banamathele umqondo classical weqiniso. Umsuka walo ingatholakala ngisho izimfundiso zika-Aristotle, zisekelwe yokuthi ulwazi ehambisanayo into, ngokoqobo, ngokoqobo.

Ukwazi umuntu nje ezihilelekile ekwakhekeni ulwazi, kodwa futhi umnikeza ukuhlolwa ngabe zivumelekile, kungakhathaliseki ezibalulekile noma olufanele. Kodwa uhlobo lasemcoka eluhlolo ukhonza kokuhlaziywa ngezindlela ezimbili - weqiniso nokuqamba amanga. Ngakho-ke, iqiniso wefilosofi akuyona into ethize noma into, futhi ulwazi kulezi zinkanyezi nezinto.

naletintfo Key inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela iqiniso ifilosofi

Umgomo wazo zonke izinhlobo ulwazi is yaniso. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe, kweqiniso namanga ifilosofi njalo khona ndawonye, njengoba abangane njalo. Ngakho-ke, hlala endaweni okuholela imfundiso yokuziphendukela ulwazi. Ngaphansi eduke kumele aqondwe ulwazi, okuyinto ayihambisani entweni futhi asishayisani nalo. Ukuthungatha Iqiniso E-ifilosofi, kunalokho, uhambisane entweni futhi oluhambisana kuso.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imfundiso yokuziphendukela iqiniso ifilosofi has izindlela ezimbili - classical kanye neo-classic.

Indlelanchubo yekusebentisa classical kuhlanganisa imiqondo elandelako:

- imibiko (inikeza ukuthi umcabango kanye ngokoqobo ukuhlangabezana nomunye, futhi umbono kuvumelana ngokoqobo);

- onegunya (limelela izinkolelo ezijulile noma ngokuphelele ithemba igunya);

- semantic (ngenxa yokuthi ngokuvamile kuba umphumela izitatimende mayelana isitatimende semantic kuyinto indida, kuvinjelwe kwencazelo iqiniso imfundiso);

- imfundiso yokuziphendukela iqiniso ifilosofi njengoba ubufakazi (iqiniso umbono egqamile futhi ecacile);

- imfundiso yokuziphendukela iqiniso njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho uqinisekisile.

Indlelanchubo yekusebentisa neoclassical inikeza umqondo onjalo:

- theory pragmatic (kuyinto ukusebenza futhi iwusizo yolwazi);

- esiku (iqiniso is phetho isivumelwano);

- ukuhambisana kwemicabango njengemisho theory (iqiniso uba nolwazi anokuhambisana).

Ubunikazi futhi umehluko phakathi kweqiniso namanga

Iqiniso liwukuthi ulwazi eyanele mayelana into. It is etholwe kuvisisa - kwenhlakanipho noma kwezinto sezinzwa - noma ngomlayezo kule kuvisisa. It elinesimo iqiniso ifilosofi ngokombono ubuqiniso bayo. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi iqiniso kuyinto engokoqobo subjective.

Kodwa ngaphandle ukweqisa namaphutha wesintu akuvamile kakhulu kungenzeka ukuba bafunde iqiniso. Ezidukisayo - ke ulwazi ayihambisani ngokoqobo futhi asikwazi ukwamukelwa njengamaKristu eqiniso. Umthombo iphutha ungokoqobo, it ubonisa ngokoqobo umgomo.

Kunoma ngokwesayensi ulwazi ukushayisana kwenzeka phakathi emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni izinkolelo. Kungenzeka kahle, futhi ethembekile. Ulwazi lwesayensi, njengoba umthetho, kukhona isihlobo. Ngoba ukwazi iqiniso ifilosofi ingokomlando: into yolwazi akakaze isiphelile. Unekhono ukushintsha, ukuze uthole izimfanelo ezahlukene futhi isibalo esingapheliyo ubudlelwano konke okuhambisana nakho.

Ngakho, iqiniso namanga nefilosofi ayafana futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ezahlukene.

yokufana kwawo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi, njenganoma iyiphi enye abamelene ngeke kube khona kungekho omunye komunye. Iqiniso - ezanele, indlela efanele yokucabanga nokunyakaza; eduke ingumfanekiso osontekile indlela.

Futhi, kungenziwa wagomela ngokuthi kweqiniso namanga zihlukile, ngenxa ungubani futhi umehluko aphi nokuthi ihlinzeka umehluko kanye nesazisi. Ezidukisayo limelela Abstraction lesezingeni leliphakeme - absolutizing - ukhomba cognition eyanquma kusuka ulwazi mayelana nale ndaba.

Ngakho-ke, umbuzo indlela ezihlobana kweqiniso namanga, unobuhlobo obuseduze iqiniso - kokubili kuphelele futhi isihlobo.

Ezidukisayo kumelwe zihlukaniswa kwabamanga. Amanga yinkulumo ukuhlanekezela iqiniso wenza ngamabomu, ngenhloso ukuze ufake ekudukiseni. amaphutha Scientific ekugcineni unqobe futhi ifike ulwazi lweqiniso.