Izimbangela zenhliziyo zibubula ingane, izimpawu

Inhliziyo iyisitho esibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Kuvela emsebenzini wakhe ongaphazanyiswa ukuthi zonke izinqubo emzimbeni womuntu zithembele. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukuphambuka emsebenzini wakhe kubangela ukukhathazeka nokukhathazeka. Inkulumo ethi "imisindo enhliziyweni" ngezinye izikhathi ivame ukwesaba abantu kakhulu. Kodwa eqinisweni, lokhu akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukusungula izizathu zomsindo enhliziyweni kumntwana i-cardiologist futhi kuphela emva kwe-US kanye ne-electrocardiogram. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwesikhathi akufanele ukwesaba.

Imisindo enhliziyweni ingenzeka kunoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi kwenzeka kaningi. Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi izingane ezintathu (ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu), omunye ubhekwa ngumchwepheshe onokuphambuka okunjalo. Kodwa ungesabi ngesikhathi esisodwa, lokhu akuwona njalo uphawu lwesifo senhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbangela zenhliziyo ezibubulayo ezinganeni zingase zihlotshaniswe nokuthi umzimba wakhe awukwakhiwa ngokugcwele.

Izinhlobo zomsindo enhliziyweni

Imisindo enhliziyweni ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• I-Organic - ohlelweni lwe-cardiovascular pathology kungenzeka;
• Ukusebenza - enhliziyweni nezitsha ezinkulu azikho amaphutha noma izinguquko ezinkulu.

Ubuchwepheshe benamuhla bokuxilonga buye kwafakazela ukuthi noma yikuphi umsindo njalo kunesinye isizathu noma isizathu esithile sezibalo. Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi konke kuyizinto eziphilayo. Futhi kulungile nakakhulu ukwahlukanisa ekugululeni futhi okuthiwa unecala. Lezi zinsuku zivela ngezici ezincane zesimo senhliziyo, ezingenalo umthelela omkhulu emsebenzini wegungu futhi aziphuli ukugeleza kwegazi. Izingane eziphilile zingathinteka uma i-anemia ikhona noma ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo (unyaka wokuqala wokuphila, iminyaka engu-4-6, iminyaka engu-12-14), futhi kwezinye izimo eziningi.

Lesi senzakalo singenzeka ngokuzumayo, kodwa singakwazi ukuthola ukukhononda kwenhliziyo enganeni ekuzalweni. Izimbangela zeminyaka engu-7 kamuva zingase zenzeke kancane - kwenzeka futhi njalo. Okusho ukuthi, emva kwesikhashana, zonke izingoma enhliziyweni zingakwazi ukuzimela zodwa.

Izingoma ezingenacala kanye nezokwelapha

U-Innocent uhlanganisa umsindo owenziwe ngokuba khona kwamakhotho engeziwe enhliziyweni, etholakala ngokungavamile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingavela ngenxa yokuthi:

• Ukukhula okusheshayo kwengane (inhliziyo nje ayihambisani nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo);
• Ukwandisa ukuguquguquka kwengane (izinhliziyo ze-valves kalula);
• I-hemoglobin ephansi;
• Izici zengqondo zesakhiwo sezitho zangaphakathi;
• Ubukhona benhliziyo encane encane;
• Izifo ezithathelwanayo - izimbangela eziningi zenhliziyo ezibubula ezinganeni.

Umsindo ophikisayo uhambisana nezimpawu ezifana ne-cyanosis yesibindi, i-cyanosis yeminwe nezipikili, ukuphefumulela njalo.

Izimbangela zenhliziyo zikhononda ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala

Isimo esinjalo kuleso sikhwama sigabisa abazali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi lokhu kulungele ngokuphelele, kusukela ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okuphelele akukho ndlela yokunikeza isibikezelo sokuqala.

Izimbangela zenhliziyo ezibubula ezinganeni zalesikhathi zingahluka kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, ixhunywe neqiniso lokuthi umzimba udlula kusukela ekujikelezeni kwe-intrauterine kuya ejwayelekile, i-extrauterine. Izitsha ezithathelwanayo ze-fetus zithwala igazi elixubekile. Lokhu kungenxa yezici ezikhethekile zesimiso senhliziyo.

Ukubunjwa kwegazi okuxubile

Izakhiwo ezintathu ezenzakalelayo zidala igazi elixutshwe.

1. Ukuhamba kwe-Arterial (noma i- Batalov). Ixhuma i-aorta ne-pulmary trunk
   Phakathi kwabo. Ngokuvamile liyeka ukusebenza ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, kodwa kwezinye izimo liyaqhubeka isebenza izinyanga ezimbili. Uma i-EchoCG ibonise ukuthi emva kwalesi sikhathi umzila uyaqhubeka ukusebenza, khona-ke lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuba khona kwesifo senhliziyo esiswini.
2. Iwindi le-oval lisendaweni ye-interumrial septum. Ngemuva kwenyanga yokuqala, kufanele ivaliwe, njengoba ingcindezi e-atrium yesokunxele iyanda. Nokho, uma lokhu kungenzeki, ke ungakhathazeki. Ukuvalwa kwakhe kungenzeka futhi unyaka noma amabili emva kokuzalwa. Iwindi elivulekile lewindi lingahle liholele ekuphazamiseni kwe-hemodynamic. Imisindo enhliziyweni ngenxa yefasitela elingafihliwe lingabhekwa ingozi.
3. Umzila owubuhlungu uhlanganisa i- vein portal kanye ne-inferior vena cava. Le duct ilahleka isikhathi esithile emva kokuzalwa, iguqula ibe izicubu ezixhumene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuwa kwezindonga zayo. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-extrauterine kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, engamshiyi ngaphandle kwesizathu sesifo senhliziyo esiswini.

I-ECG yokuqala

I-ECG yokuqala kumntwana yenziwa emva kwenyanga yokuqala yokuphila. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa imisindo enhliziyweni. Uma ukusola kokugula okunzima kuthunyelwa ku-EchoCG.

Ngokuvamile, odokotela ngokuvamile ekuhlolweni ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila bathi kukhona umsindo ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo yengane. Izimbangela, Komarovsky EO Uphikisa, kungenzeka ukuthi akakho. Lokhu kuvamile kakhulu kumntwana walesi sizukulwane.

Ngaphandle kwemisindo engenacala yefasitela elivulekile, ungagxila kwi-pathological. Zithwala ingozi enkulu. Kungenzeka:

1. Isisu se-artery yamathambo.
2. Vula i-arterial duct.
3. Ithempulethi ye-septum yangaphakathi.
4. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aorta nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo.

Zonke lezi zifo zinezici eziphawulekayo, ezivumela ukuba zitholakale ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila. Uma i-vice ine-pronunciation degree, khona-ke ukwelashwa kungenzeka kuphela ukuhlinzwa.

Imisindo eminyakeni emibili

Izimbangela zenhliziyo ezibubulayo kwengane engama-2 eminyakeni eminingi zibangelwa ukugula okudlulisiwe. Ukusebenza akuyona ingozi enkulu futhi kungavamile kakhulu. Kodwa nokho, lapho bevuka, kufanelekile ukwenza i-ECG ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zingekho umsindo ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo yengane. Izizathu ezashushisa ingane iminyaka eyishumi zingase zinyamalale, njengoba umzimba uqhubeka nokuthuthukisa.

Cishe eminyakeni engama-10-12, umthambo we-pulmonary yezingane ukhulu kunokwedlula i-aorta. Ngemva kwesikhashana izibani zazo zifana, futhi ukuvuthwa kocansi kusetha ubudlelwane obuhlukile.

Eminyakeni eyi-10, ukukhononda kwenhliziyo kunempawu ezifanayo njengokubonakaliswa kwemithi yesifo senhliziyo. Kubalulekile ukunakeka izikhalo ezingase zibe khona zezingane ngenxa yobuhlungu enhliziyweni, ukuphazanyiswa emsebenzini wakhe, ukuphelelwa amandla.

Izici zesimo sokuzalwa nesimo somzimba wesistimu yezinhliziyo zezingane

Isonto lesibili lokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine lihlotshaniswa nokugcwaliswa kwenhliziyo: ezimbili ezifihliwe zefijithali zenhliziyo zixhuma emva kwesikhashana zibe tube elilodwa elisendaweni yomlomo wesibeletho. Ukusabalalisa kwamapayipi kuyaqala ukusungulwa ekupheleni kwenyanga yesibili yokukhulelwa futhi kuhlala kuze kube sekuzalweni kwengane.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uhlelo lwe-cardiovascular of the fetus lunezinhlobo ezintathu: ukuhamba komgogodla nomoya ovulekile kanye nokuvulwa kwe-oval. Ziyadingeka ukuze zilahle igazi elidlulele. Ngakho, inhliziyo iyasizwa, ngoba akukho ukuphefumula futhi ingcindezi iphansi.

Ukugeleza kwegazi akuxube ngokuphelele ku-atrium efanele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igazi, elidlula i-downena vena cava elingaphansi, lidlula e-atrium langakwesobunxele ngefasitela eligqinsiwe, futhi kusukela lapho kuya kwesine-ventricle kwesokunxele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igazi elivela ku- vena cava eliphakeme lihamba ngokuphambene nalokho: ku-ventricle efanele ngokusebenzisa i-atrium efanele.

Wazalwa, umntwana usakaze amaphaphu futhi uwagcwalise ngegazi, kuyilapho umzila wegazi wesisu usondela. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi ingane ihamba ngokusabalalisa kwegazi, okusho ukuthi imijikelezo encane neyingi yokujikeleza kwegazi manje isebenza. I-valve yamafasitela e-oval ivala ngenxa yokucindezela okwandayo ngakwesokunxele kwe-atrium (lokhu kungenxa yokungena kwegazi elikhulu). I-arterial duct ivaliwe ngaphansi kwethonya lezinzwa, ukuhlukumeza kanye nezici ze-muscle.

Ukunakekela ikusasa

Ukuze ungakhathazeki ukuthi kungase kube khona izimbangela zomsindo enhliziyweni yengane, bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe kudingeka banakekele impilo yengane yabo ngisho nasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Kufanelekile ukuyeka ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala. Owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele aqaphele impilo yakhe, athole wonke amavithamini adingekayo. Lokhu kukhuthazwa kahle ngokudla okunempilo nokunomsoco, kanye nokuhamba emoyeni omusha.

Ezimweni ezingu-90%, isifo senhliziyo singatholakala ngisho naku-utero. Ekuzalweni kwengane ngokushesha hlola futhi ulalele inhliziyo yakhe. Uma kunesidingo, ukuhlolwa kokulandelwa kwenziwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukuze kubonakaliswe ukubeletha okubelethayo.

Izimbangela zenhliziyo ezibubula kumntwana kufanele zihlonzwe ekuqaleni. Odokotela abacebisi ukuphuthelwa ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwenziwa i-ultrasound yenhliziyo nezitho zangasese zingabonisa ukuthi inhliziyo ikhononda emntwaneni. Izizathu zilula ukuqala ukuqeda ngokushesha, kunokubambezela le nqubo.

Uhambo olubalulekile oluya ku-cardiologist

Izimbangela zenhliziyo ezibubulayo ezinganeni zihlala zihle kangcono ukuhlola nodokotela we-cardiologist. Ukuhlolwa kungabandakanyi ukukhubazeka okujulile, noma udokotela uzobeka inkambo yokwelashwa edingekayo. Uqaphele ku-cardiologist futhi ulandele imiyalelo yakhe, ngemuva kokuba ingane ethile isuse umsindo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqapha ingane njalo. Izimpawu eziningi eziyingozi, eziyingozi zingabuka: izifo ezivamile zesikhumba, ukuphefumula, ukukhula okuncane, ukuphefumula, i-cyanosis yesikhumba (unxantathu lwama-nasolabial), njll. Ungalokothi uyeke ukwelashwa okujulile. Ukuhlinzwa kungavimbela imiphumela emibi.

Ukusiza ingane

Ngenhlanhla, njengoba ingane ikhula imisindo enhliziyweni, izizathu zalokhu ziyadlula. Kubalulekile ukuba ingane ihlale iqinisekisa umbuso ofanele, ukudla okunempilo (ikakhulukazi ingane idinga amaprotheni) nokulala ngokwanele. Ukudla kumele kuhlanganise nemifino nezithelo ezintsha.

I-cardiologist ekamelweni kufanele ichaze ukuthi yiliphi izinga lokusebenza ngokomzimba elifanele ingane yakho. Akunakwenzeka ukunciphisa ingane yenhlangano, ihlale inika amandla. Ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba kuzolungisa umzimba nenhliziyo.

Uma isifo senhliziyo senzeke, kungcono ukuthi ungahlehlisi ukusebenza. Ngokushesha ungamsiza ingane, ngokushesha uzophola. Kodwa-ke, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka kuphela ezimweni ezimbi. Uma lesi sifo singabonakali kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi kube khona ukwelashwa okwanele nokwelashwa.