MAZ 537: isithombe. MAZ 537 ("Isiphepho"): izincazelo

MAZ 537 "Isiphepho" - ugandaganda olinezinsimbi ezine we-saddle type, injongo yezempi. Yakhiwe eMitsk Automobile Plant kusukela ngo-1959 kuya ku-1965. Kusukela ngo-1963 kukhishwa eKZKT, iKurgan isitshalo se-tractor esinevili. Ukuphatha amandla kuze kube ngu-50 amathani kuma-semitrailers afana ne-ChMZAP-5247G.

I-MAZ idivayisi 537

Umklamo we trekta ulula, ngakho-ke uthembekile. I-Cabin MAZ 537, isithombe esingazange sitholakale ekuqaleni ngenxa yokufihlelwa kwezempi, indawo yokuhlala ezine, iminyango emibili, insimbi, enezikhuni ezizimele. I-injini itholakala ngemuva kweklabhu endaweni yokudlulisa injini, khona-ke kukhona icala lokudlulisa elidlulisela ukujikeleza ezindaweni eziyisikhombisa ezizimele. Emuva kwesikhulumi somthwalo wesikhwama sokuqoqa isondo. Okunye ukuguqulwa komshini kufakwe i-winch. Ugandaganda uhamba ngamasondo ayisishiyagalombili, ama-front amane aphendukile. Amathayi angenamathala afakwe ukuxubha, uma kwenzeka ukukhishwa kwesikhumba, indlela yokunciphisa indleko yokulahlekelwa ivuselelwa. Imoto ye-MAZ 537 "ye-Uragan", okuyizici zayo zobuchwepheshe ezikhuluma ngamandla nokuthembeka, yisibonelo esihle sempumelelo yemishini yempi.

Ukufakelwa amandla

Injini ye-diesel iyisivinini esiphezulu se-D-12A-525A, esetshenziselwa ukushisa i-GOST 4749-73. Amandla 525 hp Nge-2100 rpm. Izilinda - ivolumu 38 880 cube / cm, ubuningi 12, ilungiselelo liyi-V. Ububanzi buyi-150 mm, isilinganiso sokucindezela singu- 14.5.

Le moto inemishini yokulungisa ukudla.

Ukupholisa - ukuqhutshwa okuphoqelelwe kwe-antifreeze.

Ukudluliselwa - isiteji ezintathu, ngokushintshwa kwe-hydromechanical.

Ubukhulu

Ubude - 8960 mm, ukuphakama - 2880 mm, ububanzi buka-2885 mm. I-wheelbase iphakathi kwemigqa yokuqala neyesibili ye-1700 mm, phakathi kwe-second and third 2650 mm, phakathi kweyesithathu nesine-1700 mm.

Ithrekhi ingama-2200 mm kuwo wonke amabhuloho. Ukususwa komhlaba (imvume) - 500 mm.

Isisindo - 21.6 amathani.

Ukuguqulwa

• I-MAZ 537A i-trekta ehamba ngaphakathi, ekwazi ukuthwala amathani angu-15 emzimbeni, amathani angu-65 we-mass mass ne-trailer emgwaqweni omkhulu noma amathani angu-30 emgwaqweni ongcolile.
• I-MAZ 537D - ifakwe nesethi ye-generator yamanje.
• I-MAZ 537G - ifakwe i-winch.
• MAZ 537K - ugandaganda, oklanyelwe ukuthutha imishini yokudoba ende ende.
• MAZ 537L - ngendiza yokudubula, ifakwe umzimba wensimbi ohlangene.

Le phrojekthi yokwakha ugandaganda onamandla

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-50 ekhulwini lama-20 e-USSR kwakukhona isidingo sezimoto ezintsha ezinamandla ezempi. Izakhiwo zeRoetet, izimoto ezinamandla ezithintekayo ezithandweni zomgodli, abadobi bezikhali kanye nezinye izinto ezidingekayo zokuthutha ezihamba emadolobheni amancane nezindawo ezide. Kakhulu kunzima ukukhishwa kwezempi, okwenziwe njalo. Kwaze kwafika izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuhamba ngesitimela kanye nokuhamba ngezinyawo ezincane.

Umklamo we trekta wendawo yonke waqala ekwindla ka-1954, kanti ehlobo lika-1956 izibonakaliso zase zikulungele. I-chassis ezine-axle egcwele-ezine-wheel drive chassis isibe isisekelo sokuguqulwa eziningana kwesonto lesikhwama sempi. Izimpawu zomshini zenzelwe ukuhamba ibanga elide ngesivinini se-40 - 50 km / h. Amandla agandaganda ayanele ukuthutha isiteji nge-missile ye-ballistic intercontinental. Kodwa-ke, isitimela somgwaqo singasilandela kuphela umgwaqo onomhlaba okhuni futhi kuphela endaweni yezintambo. Ukunqoba ngisho nokubuyiselwa okuncane akuzange kusebenze, ngoba i-trailer ayinayo inertia.

Isicelo

I-tracta MAZ 537 "Iphepho", izici zobuchwepheshe ezibonisa ukuthembeka kwayo, futhi zasetshenziswa kabanzi emabuthweni avamile ukuhamba kwezinhlelo ezahlukene zokulwa ezide. Noma kunjalo, ukudonsa amapulatifomu amade kwakunqotshwa ukuxhuma okude kakhulu. Isitimela somgwaqo asizange sifinyelele ekuphenduleleni, ukuqondiswa kwemikhawulo kungalinganiselwe.

Zonke ukuthuthela kwenye indawo yokuthunyelwa kwakuwumsebenzi we-archetypal wezempi, isitimela somgwaqo kwakufanele simiswe njalo, ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuvumelanisa inkambo. Kwavela izinkinga ngenxa yomgwaqo omncane. E-USSR ye-post-impi, yonke imigwaqo yayincane kakhulu, izithuthi zithuthelwa emgqeni owodwa, kuzo zombili izinkomba. Ingozi yokuthuthela emgodini yayinomzuzu ngamunye. I-tractor esindayo yayithatha umzila wayo ogcwele futhi yashiya ukufika. Izikhalo zithunyelwe kubantu abahlali, kodwa isimo asizange sishintshe.

Ekugcineni, iminyango yezempi yaqala ukuxwayisa mayelana nokuhamba okuzayo kwezinhlelo ze-missile kusengaphambili. Izaziso zokuqashwa okuzayo ezazitholwa yizinsizakalo zomgwaqo kanye nokuhlolwa komgwaqo wesifundazwe. Amaphoyisa agweme umgwaqo emgwaqweni omkhulu, ngaphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-25-30, ugandaganda ophethe i-trailer wahlala wonke ububanzi bomgwaqo futhi wadlulisa ngokuphepha isigaba samahhala kuya kokuthunyelwe okulandelayo. Khona-ke ukugijima okulandelayo kwavinjelwa.

Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, i-design design ye-Minsk Automobile Plant yaqala ukuthuthukisa inguqulo ephakanyiswe iloli yeloli yerektri nge-MAZ 535V index. Umzimba usuqedile, endaweni yawo kufakwe ukuxhuma nge-automatic lock-lock kanye namadigri amabili okujikeleza kwe-radial. Umthwalo olinganiselwe engxenyeni yangemuva yetrakta ukhule ngokukhawuleza, abakhiqizi kwakudingeka bacabange ngemingcele yokumiswa okwamuva. Bema emabhuloho ngamagesi eplanethi futhi ahluke. Ngakho, izingxube zangemuva zithathwa njengomthwalo oyinhloko.

MAZ 537

I-version yokugcina ye-tractor unit ibhekwe amandla angaphezu kwe-injini ephelele kanye nesistimu yokupholisa. Amakhandlela amashadi ekhadian e-case yokudlulisa aqiniswa. Isidingo salokhu sasichazwa ukuphazamiseka okuvamile, lapho ugandaganda olayishiwe engakwazi ukunqoba ingxenye yezimvula zomgwaqo futhi isibani se injini saqothula ama-cardan joints.

Ukwakhiwa komndeni wamatrakta amathangi amakhulu esindayo MAZ 537, izici eziphindaphinda imingcele eyisisekelo yamamodeli MAZ 535 no-MAZ 536, kwakuyisiqalo senkathi entsha yezitimela zomgwaqo, enekhono eliphezulu lokuthwala umthwalo. Kwakukhona ukugqugquzela okunamandla ukuthuthukiswa kwezintambo ezihamba phambili nezinyathelo ezihamba phambili ezithintekayo zokuthutha izimpahla eziningi ezingabonakali.

Isidingo sokuhambisa izakhiwo ezinkulu kuye kwaba khona njalo. Emazweni aphesheya, izitimela zomgwaqo zavela kakhulu kunase-USSR, futhi lesi simo senyuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zaseSoviet zokukhokhwa kwamaholo, njengoba kungekho muntu owayefuna ukulahla ngemuva kobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Okokuqala, i-bureaus yokuklama yemboni yezimoto ithuthukise ugandaganda we-ZiS-10 nge-coupling yesihlanu esekelwe ngesisekelo seloli elidumile le-ZiS-5. Imithwalo yemithwalo yemoto entsha yayingamathani ayi-6 kuphela. Inombolo encane yamakhansela akhiqizwa, i-ZiS-10 yayingasakazwa kabanzi.

Ama-analogues angaphandle

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-30 ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, abashayeli bamaloli bahlangana nemigwaqo emibili engozini yokukhiqiza kwamanye amazwe, amatarenta amaloli uDaimond T-980 no-REO 28XS, adluliselwa eSSRR ngokuqashisa imali. Amathrekhi asezindaweni zasemaphandleni asebenza ngokuhambisana nama-trailers amathathu-axile ayenama-Roden Trailer, amandla okuphatha okwakungamathani angu-45. Lezi zimoto zazigcwele ama-winches futhi zithutha izimoto ezithintekayo.

Ngaleso sikhathi eSoviet Union, amathangi nezinye izimoto ezithintekayo zempi zathuthelwa kuphela ngendlela yazo noma zazithunyelwa ezigodini zesitimela. Zombili izindlela zazibonakala zingenangqondo, kodwa kwakungekho enye indawo ngaleso sikhathi.

Inkathi yokulandela impi

Ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, i-USSR yaqala ngokuyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kwamatrakta esindayo asekhaya asebuthweni kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho kazwelonke. Ngo-1951, imboni yezimoto eJaroslavl yenza ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezintathu ezise-YaAZ-210G ngesiteji kanye ne-winch enamandla. Ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwemishini kwakungeke kulungiswe, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho amathakthare akakwazanga ukudlula emgwaqweni, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yemvula noma e-spring mudslide.

Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi yokudala izimoto ezinzima yayisadingeka isisombululo, ikakhulukazi njengoba izwe liqhubeka nokwakhiwa kwezimboni ngokushesha, nasemnyangweni wezempi, izinhlelo zokuqapha imishini zazivela ezidinga ukuhamba. Amabutho ahlomile abuye adinge amathrekhi agxile kakhulu.

Ihhovisi lokuklama

UMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe we-USSR ngoJuni 1954 wamukela isinqumo mayelana nokudalwa kwendawo ekhethekile yokuklama ukuthuthukiswa kwamatrakta ezempi ikakhulukazi okungenzeka ukuthi kube nokuguqulwa okulandelayo kwinguqulo yezimboni. Ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi ubuchwepheshe befektri ekhona kanye nemishini ekukhiqizeni izimoto ngeke kube ngokwanele.

Kwadingeka siqale kusukela epaki yamathuluzi, sithenge imishini yesimanje futhi senze ubuchwepheshe obusha. E-Minsk Automobile Plant kwakukhona i-MAZ MAZ enkulu, eqondiswa umklami omkhulu uBoris Lvovich Shaposhnik. Ngaphambi kokuba ochwepheshe banikeze umsebenzi wokuklama nokusungula ugandaganda wesondo elindayo. Yile ndlela idivayisi ye-MAZ 535 yokudonsa eyabonakala ngayo, okuzoshesha ibe ngu-MAZ 537, imodeli enezinguquko eziningana.

Ukukhiqizwa

Okokuqala, izimali ezifakwe ekuthuthukiseni i-supercar azikwanele, ngoba imoto enjalo ayikwazi ukushayiseka. Ngemuva kokulungiswa kokuphepha kwephrojekthi, umsebenzi waqala ukubilisa. Izixazululo ezingezona ezejwayelekile zamukelwa, ezingakaze zisetshenziswe embonini yasekhaya yezimoto. Kwakudingekile ukucabangela izimo ezikhethekile zokusebenza kwamatrakta anzima kakhulu, ukulungiswa kwamayunithi kuya ebangeni lokushisa kusuka ku-50 ukuya kwezingu-50 degrees, izwe elihamba phambili leminye imingcele eminingi.

Ugandaganda weloli olindayo MAZ 537 waqala ukukhiqizwa ngo-1965. Imoto yayihloselwe ukuhamba ngemikhumbi kanye nemikhumbi engamakhilomitha angama-40. Kusukela kuyinguqulo eyisisekelo ye-model ye-537-th yayihlukile ehlukile ngemuva (ku-345 mm) indlela yokuhlanganiswa yesihlanu nokumisa okwesikhashana. Imoto engu-MAZ 537 yayisemoyeni yokubuyisela njalo. Enkambini yokukhiqiza, imisebenzi yebhokisi lokudlulisa yanda, ukuhanjiswa kokujikeleza ku-drive generator kufakwe. Imithwalo yemithwalo yemoto iye yanda kakhulu futhi yaba ngamathani angu-68.

Ngokuhambisana ne-heavy duty-duty truck tractors, amathrekhi asebhodini yokuhambisa imithwalo, amathani angama-22, emgwaqweni omkhulu, yenzelwe futhi yenziwe ngochungechunge olulinganiselwe. Umzimba wemizi enjalo yayingahlongozi izihlalo, ungenayo i-arches ne-awning, yayisetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa kwempahla kuphela. Ngaphansi komzimba kwakuyi-winch yokuzikhandla, uma kwenzeka ugandaganda ubanjwe.

Ukuzibandakanya

Ngemva kwesikhashana i-MAZ 537 yempi yayisimanje, futhi imoto yanikezwa inkomba "P". Izici zobuchwepheshe zahlala zingashintshi, kodwa lo mnqobo wawususwa, futhi umzimba wabuye wahlomiselwa ukuthutha abasebenzi. Ngaphandle kwama-flaps, amabhentshi omzimba omdala kanye namagundane okugcoba ukutshala komhlaba, afakwe ukuphakama - endaweni ephansi i-canopy yahlanganisa imithwalo yempahla, endaweni ephezulu eyayikuvikela njengemvula neqhwa kubantu. Ngokuhambisana nenhloso yalo eqondile, ugandaganda MAZ 537P lwangakwazi ukugubha amapulatifomu ngezinhlelo ze-missile.

Ukusebenza kwamatrakta ezinamasondo adingekayo ochwepheshe bezinsizakalo, abashayeli abafanelekayo kanye nesisekelo sezinto ezihambisanayo. Ngakho-ke, ngawo-1970, amabhizinisi akhethekile okuthutha phakathi kwamakhansela amakhulu namakhulu athengiswayo. Inhlangano "i-Spetstyazhavtotrans" yayisetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla ezingejwayelekile, zithuthuka ngaleyo ndlela imizila enhle. Ngosizo lwama-tractor angu-MAZ 537, idwala lemabula, elilinganisa amathani angu-300, lathunyelwa ekwakhiweni kwetshe lesikhumbuzo ku-V.I. ULenin eLeningrad. Lokhu kuhamba okuyingqayizivele kokuthutha kwalandelwa yizwe lonke.

Amatrakta "MAZ 537" enyakatho, lapho ukusetshenzwa kwamapayipi amachiza namafutha asetshenziswa khona kabanzi, kwakusetshenziswa kabanzi. Imoto engathobekile isebenze kahle endaweni ebandayo. Ikakhulukazi yokuthutha ama-long-length-conducting joints, i-pipe chute i-PV-481 yakhiwe ngesisekelo sezimoto zokukhwabanisa ze-MAZ 537. Futhi ekusebenzeni ezimweni ezisenyakatho, ama-prototypes wezinjini zomlilo, iziteshi zamaselula, izithuthi zomhlaba wonke zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo zadalwa. Noma kunjalo, amakhophi wokulinga awazange afinyelele ekukhiqizeni okuningi.

Ngo-1991, isitshalo se-Kurgan sama-tractor esinezikhwama saqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-semi-trailer esindayo KZKT-9101, enekhono lokuthwala amathani angu-54, imoto ye-MAZ 537 yokukhwabanisa, izici zobuciko ezihambisana ngokugcwele nedatha ye-semitrailer. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye kuphumelele, abathengi bakwazi ukuthenga itrektri kanye ne-semitrailer ngaphakathi kwe-oda elilodwa.

Iminyaka eminingi yokukhiqiza, ama-tugs angu-MAZ 537, izithombe zazo ezethulwa ekhasini, kancane kancane zisasebenza, kokubili ngokokuziphatha nangokwengqondo. Umshini usuphelile ngokwanele, amandla okuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo asomile. Kwabonakala kubonakala okufihliwe, ukugxeka okuningi kwabangela amandla aphansi amandla esitshalo samandla. Ukusebenza kukagandaganda kwakuhlotshaniswa namakhefu avamile okulungiswa, ibutho le-MAZ 537 alizange linikeze izisebenzi ezaziphethe amathangi nezinye izimoto ezizimele, okumele zilandelwe ngokwehlukana. Ukuze senze lokhu, kwakudingeka sibheke izimoto ezengeziwe.

Ekugcineni, ngokusekelwe kumodeli ka-537th, kudalwe itektala entsha i-KZKT-7428, eyayihlangabezana ngokugcwele nemisebenzi yokuthutha izimoto ezilandelwe ukulwa. Njengamanje, umndeni wamatrakta anamasondo anamandla uxazulula ngempumelelo yonke imisebenzi yokuthutha imishini yezempi enzima, kanye nezakhiwo ezimboni ezinkulu ezimboni.