Population futhi indawo eKhabarovsk. Indawo yesikhathi, isimo sezulu, umnotho kanye ezikhangayo mumbe eKhabarovsk

EMpumalanga Ekude eRussia Federation idolobha laseKhabarovsk. Lesi yisikhungo sokuphatha se-Khabarovsk Territory kanye nesifunda sase-Far Eastern Federal saseRussia Federation. EMpumalanga, uhlala endaweni ehamba phambili emfundweni, emasikweni nasezombusazwe. Kuyinto enkulu yedolobha elikhulu lemiboni nezomnotho. Itholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-30 ukusuka emngceleni we-PRC.

Kuphi iKhabarovsk ngempela? Kuyini isimo sezulu somuzi? Iyini indawo yeKhabarovsk? Futhi ngezansi kukhona idatha ebantwini bezindleko zesifunda. Kuthiwa futhi ngomnotho futhi uchaza izifunda zaseKhabarovsk.

Ulwazi jikelele mayelana nomuzi

Ekuqaleni, iKhabarovsk yayisezindaweni ezingathathi hlangothi, ngaphandle kwemingcele, phakathi kweRussia Federation neChina. Futhi emva kwesivumelwano esivamile, umhlaba ophikisanayo wanikezwa uMbuso waseRussia. Ngo-1858 iKhabarovsk yasungulwa, kwathi ngo-1880 yanikwa isimo somuzi. Kusukela ngo-2002, wajoyina esifundeni sase-Far Eastern Federal.

Umuzi waba yinhloko-dolobha yaseKhabarovsk Territory. Ikhaya lekomkhulu lesifunda lesifunda, iziphathimandla zesifundazwe ezingama-200, kanye noMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa KweMpumalanga Ekude. Ungelungu leNhlangano yamaSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude.

Isikhungo, lapho iKhabarovsk sitholakala khona, sibhekana nemigwaqo enkulu yokuthutha emoyeni nasemigwaqweni. Idolobha lisemaphethelweni ombuso nakwezinye izindawo. Yingakho kuphakama umbuzo: "Kakhulu kangakanani kusuka eMoscow kuya eKhabarovsk." Itholakala kude namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili ama-500 ukusuka enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, uma uhamba ngesitimela, futhi uhamba ngamakhilomitha angu-6 000 ngezindiza. Namuhla, ukuthutha okuthuthukile okuthutha. Umuzi unezikhumulo ezimbili zezindiza, iziteshi ezine zesitimela, ichweba lomfula.

Isimo sezulu nesimo sesikhathi saseKhabarovsk

Kuyini isimo sezulu edolobheni? Uphi i Khabarovsk? Idolobha lihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Middle Amur, lapho imifula emibili ihlangana khona : Ussuri no-Amur. Ihlanzwa amaLwandle aseJapane nama-Okhotsk. Ukukhululeka kwalo kuhlukile. Ingxenye esemaphakathi itholakala emagqumeni amancane (amagquma) ngenhla yolwandle 70-90 m.

Ngenxa yokuthi siseduze nolwandle, isimo sezulu saseKhabarovsk sinesimo esifudumele, sinomfudumalo, kodwa sinemvula ehlobo futhi kubanda ebusika. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa elivamile lingendawo - ama-degree angu-20, futhi izinga lokushisa maphakathi no-Julayi lingaba ngu-+21 degrees. Isimo sezulu saseKhabarovsk sinemvula, njengasebusika kukhona iqhwa elincane futhi libandayo, futhi ehlobo kunamfudumalo nemvula kaningi. NgoJanuwari 2011 ababikezeli sezulu babhala izinga lokushisa eliphansi -41 degrees. Ehlobo lika-2010, ukushisa kwe-thermometer kubonise ukushisa okuphezulu kwama-+36.7 degrees.

Indawo yesikhathi saseKhabarovsk isendaweni yeVladivostok futhi ishintshwa amahora angu-10 kwi- World Coordinated Time (UTC). Umehluko nenhloko yeRussia amahora angu -7.

Abantu kanye nendawo yaseKhabarovsk

I-Khabarovsk Territory yisifunda esincane kunazo zonke esifundeni saseRussia. Lokhu kuthinteka ikakhulukazi ngesimo sezulu esibucayi, kanye nokunciphisa umnotho, okuqhubekayo esikhathini esilandelayo soSoviet. Ngo-2017, isibalo esifundazweni sinabantu abayizigidi ezingu-333 abayizinkulungwane ezingu-294, lapho abantu abaningi bangu-1.69 abantu nge-km².

Naphezu kobunzima, inani labantu baseKhabarovsk landa njalo ngonyaka. Ngo-2003, inani labahlali laliyizinkulungwane ezingu-580,400, futhi ngokwesilinganiso sokulinganisa ngo-2017 enhloko-dolobha yesifunda abahlala ku-616 000 abantu abangu-242. Umuzi uyidolobha lesibili ngobukhulu eMpumalanga Ekude.

Isibalo seKhabarovsk neKhabarovsk Krai sinezizwe eziningi futhi ezihlukahlukene. Ngo-2010, iphesenti labantu abahlala ezizweni ezihlukahlukene yilo:

• Cishe ngo-92% yiRashiya;
• 2,1% - ama-Ukrainians;
• 0.8% - i-Nanais;
• 0.6% - amaKorea, amaTatars;
• 0,4% - ama-Byelorussia, Evenki;
• 0.3% - amaShayina.

Ingxenye enkulu (cishe 65%) yaseMpumalanga Ekude iyisisebenzi nabafundi. Izakhamizi eziningi zinemfundo ephakeme. Izingane nentsha zakha u-19% wabantu abaphelele, nabahola impesheni - 16%.

Ukuphathwa kwedolobha laseKhabarovsk lizama konke okusemandleni ekuthuthukiseni izimo zemindeni emikhulu edolobheni: izinsizakalo zezempilo ziba yizinga eliphakeme, zinikeza usizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, zithuthukisa impilo yezingane ezinemindeni esweleyo, izakhiwo zokudlala, amapaki okutshala, njll.

Indawo yaseKhabarovsk ingama-386 km ². Ubude bomuzi ogwini oluyi-33 km.

IMeya yedolobha

UMeya waseKhabarovsk kusukela ngo-September 2000 ngu-Alexander Nikolayevich Sokolov. Ikhethiwe iminyaka engu-4. Ngo-1981 wamiswa njengenhloko yomnyango wezimboni kanye nezokuthutha eKomitini Yezifunda ZaseSitimeleni. Ngo-1983 wabhala unobhala wekomidi leqembu lesitshalo. UGorky, futhi ngo-1986 wamiswa njengomqondisi.

E-Khabarovsk ngo-1990 ukhetho lokuqala lokubusa ngentando yeningi lwabaMengameli beDolobha likaMkhandlu. UNokolova wakhethwa esikhundleni sokuba iphhini likaSihlalo wekhansela lomuzi. Ukukwazi kwakhe ukuqoqa abantu abaqinile abakuzungezile kanye nokusebenza kahle kwasiza ukuwina ukhetho. Kakade ngo-1993, wamiswa njengephini lika-head of the administration ngezinkinga zezomnotho.

Ngesikhathi sokhetho lwesibili ngo-2004, u-A. Sokolov uholele futhi wanqoba ama-83.84% evoti. UMeya waseKhabarovsk naye ukhethwe okwesithathu, okwesine isikhathi sehhovisi futhi usebenza kule ndawo kuze kube namuhla.

Ukwahlukana kokuphatha zibe yizifunda

Idolobha lihlukaniswe izifunda ezine: Central, Northern, Railway naseNingizimu.

Izifunda zihlukaniswe izifunda zaseKhabarovsk. Kunezifunda ezingu-5 zokuphatha edolobheni:

1. Ephakathi - lokhu kungenye yezifunda ezidala zokuphatha, enkabeni yeKhabarovsk. Indawo yensimu yayo ingu-9.5 km ². Ihluke kwabanye ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda, ukuhlanzeka nokuthuthukiswa. Isistimu yokuthutha ithuthukiswe kahle. Lapha kunezikhungo zemfundo, zamasiko nezitolo. Kukhona isiteshi somfula kanye nemakethe ephakathi. Ngo-2017 inani labantu abahlala kule ndawo ngu-96 000 abantu abayi-155.
2. I-Krasnoflotsky yisifunda esinabantu abangu-91 000 abahlali abangu-997.
3. Esifundazweni saseKirovsky sabantu abahlala ku-2017 53,000 abayizigidi ezingu-674.
4. Endaweni yesitimela kuhlala abantu abangu-151 abayizinkulungwane ezingu-990. Lenye yezindawo eziyinhloko engxenyeni esempumalanga yedolobha. Kwasungulwa ngo-1938 ngomyalo we-Supreme Soviet we-RSFSR. Insimu yayo ihlanganisa cishe amahektha ayizi-9.6. Lapha kukhona isikhumulo sezindiza, isiteshi sesitimela, ibhanoyi lezempi kanye nesiteshi sebhasi.
5. Isifunda sezimboni siyinhloko kunazo zonke. Kuyo kukhona abantu abangu-222,000 426. Itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu. Esifundeni kukhona imigwaqo emibili yokuthutha edabula umuzi kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu.

Amabhizinisi asezimboni kanye nezomnotho

Amakhamera aseKhabarovsk akha ingxenye enkulu yedolobha lasezimboni. Kukhona amabhizinisi amakhulu angu-86 embonini. Imisebenzi emikhulu:

• Ukucubungula imboni;
• Ukusabalalisa nokukhiqizwa kwamanzi, ugesi kanye negesi;
• Ukuxhumana nokuthutha;
• Ukwakhiwa kwemishini;
• Ukucubungula ngamatshe;
• Imfucumfucu kanye nemboni yephethiloli;
• Ukwakhiwa;
• Ukuhlinzeka ngezinsiza zokudlela kanye nokuhweba;
• Imisebenzi ethuthukisiwe emkhakheni wezingcebo.

Njengoba idolobha lidinga ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yanamuhla nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zezindlu, idolobha linendlela yokuheha izimali zokutshala izimali esikhathini eside. Ngo-2008, cishe ama-ruble angu-46 million atshalwa izimali zokwakha.

Kunamabhizinisi omasipala angaba ngu-28 asebenza kumagatsha angu-7 omnotho. Bakha umkhakha wezomnotho weziko lokuphatha. Inani lempahla yabo lilingana no-13.1 billion ruble.

Abaphathi basezidolobheni baseKhabarovsk baye bakhetha uhlelo lokuthuthukisa isu kuze kufike ngo-2020. Izinhlelo ezihlosiwe ezingu-60 zilungiselelwe, eziningi zazo ezihloswe ekuthuthukiseni umnotho nezenhlalakahle. Ukuze kusetshenziswe kudingekile:

• Ukudalwa kwezimo ezinhle, eziphephile izakhamuzi;
• Ukudalwa kwesikhungo sesayensi nesobuchwepheshe esifundeni;
• Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhweba nezokuthutha esifundeni;
• Ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi weziko lokuphatha nezombusazwe weRussia Federation eMpumalanga Ekude.

Ukuthutha kwesitimela

Ukwakhiwa kwesitimela kukhula ngokujulile eMpumalanga Ekude. Umlando wesiteshi sesitimela sase-city usuqala ngokubusa kwamaRomanovs amakhulu. Ngokusho kwedatha yemlando, babeka itshe lokuqala lapho kunezitimela ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezithwala imithwalo enkulu futhi abagibeli abaningi badlula.

Ngo-1891, kwakhiwa isitimela sase-Ussuri, futhi ngo-1897 kwakhiwa umgwaqo phakathi kukaKhabarovsk noVladivostok. Ukwakhiwa kwesigaba se-Amursky seTrsibsib senze leli dolobha libe yinkimbinkimbi enkulu yokuthutha. Ngakho kwakukhona isiteshi sesitimela iKhabarovsk-2. Kamuva, kwakhiwa isakhiwo esikhulu sesitimela.

Isiteshini sesitimela iKhabarovsk-1 yisiteshi sesitimela sabashayeli, esihlaba umxhwele zonke izivakashi ngesakhiwo sayo sokuqala. Kwavulwa ngo-1905. Isiteshi sisendaweni yedolobha ngokwayo. Ngonyaka wekhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye isiteshi sakhiwe ngokuphelele ngengozi yebhajethi yedolobha, ngokubamba iqhaza kwabanikazi bendawo. Kusuka esiteshini sangaphambili kwahlala kuphela isikhumbuzo esikhethekile ku-E. P. Khabarov, esesiteji sesiteshi.

Ukuthutha kwedolobha

I-Khabarovsk inokubaluleka okukhulu kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nesifunda ekukhulumisaneni kwezokuthutha ukusuka enyakatho kuya entshonalanga yezwe. Idolobha lixhuma amaphuzu asemigwaqeni "Ussuri", "Amur", "iKhabarovsk-Komsomolsk-on-Amur" ne "Vostok". Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1893, kwakhiwa isiteshi sebhasi, esingase sisekele abagibeli abagibeli abangamakhulu amahlanu ngehora. Amabhasi asemhlabeni wonke axhuma emaphethelweni angaphakathi nasempumalanga.

Ngesiza se-Amur River Shipping Company, izimpahla zomgibeli nezindiza ezihamba emfuleni i-Amur zenziwa. Izitsha zithwala ukuthuthwa kolwandle (kokubili imithwalo kanye nomgibeli) ezindaweni ezikude ze-Far East Territory. Idolobha linemikhumbi yemifula yamanzi, ngoba abagibeli kukhona isiteshi somfula, iKhabarovsk yokulungisa nokugcinwa kwesondlo sezindiza isebenza. Ngaphansi komfula, abagibeli bahamba ngemikhumbi "Meteora", futhi baphakamisa umfula iTunguska kukhona uchungechunge lwezimpahla ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu "Dawn". Phakathi nemikhumbi ye-Soviet time cruise imikhumbi eyahamba ngasemfuleni i-Amur. Ngesikhathi samanje imikhumbi enjalo isusiwe kakade, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi imigwaqo ehamba ngezinyawo izobuya esikhathini esizayo.

Ukuthuthwa kwezindiza kweKhabarovsk kuthuthukiswe kahle. Ukuhamba kwezindiza kwenziwa ngezindiza ezincane nezinkulu, ezitholakala amakhilomitha ayishumi ukusuka enkabeni yeKhabarovsk. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idolobha linesisekelo sokulungisa izindiza. Ngomkhakha wabalawuli bezithuthi zomoya kukhona izindiza ezindiza emoyeni ezivela eJapane ziya eYurophu. Kukhona izindiza zempi zaseCentral neDinamo.

Amathanga, amabhasi, ama-shuttles namabhasi agijima azungeze umuzi. Ubude bezindlela zokuthutha zasemadolobheni ngamakhilomitha angu-500. Ngenxa yezixhumanisi eziyinkimbinkimbi zemifula engaphansi komhlaba nezindawo zezintaba edolobheni, i-metro yayingakhiwanga. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kwakuyosongela uKhabarovsk, okuyinto, ngaphansi kwanoma yikuphi ukungaphumeleli, ngabe yayingaphansi komhlaba.

Ubuciko namasiko wedolobha

I-Khabarovsk akuyona nje isikhungo esikhulu sezimboni, kodwa futhi idolobha lamasiko eMpumalanga Ekude. Amamyuziyamu omuzi alandelayo asebenza kuwo:

1. I-Museum Museum. Yasungulwa ngo-1894 ngosizo loMnyango we-Priamursky weRussia Geographical Society. I-tortoise yamatshe enesisindo esingaba ngu-6 400 kg yafakwa phambi kwesakhiwo. Ngo-2005, le museum yavula ukuvezwa okusha kwe-Amur fish.
2. Museum of Archeology. AP Okladnikova.
3. Museum of the history of the city. Kwavulwa ngo-2004. Iqukethe imibukiso yemamyuziyamu esuka eKhabarovsk kusukela esikhathini sangaphambi kokuguquka kuze kube sesikhathini samanje.
4. I-Art Museum.
5. Umlando Wezempi WaseMpi WesiFunda saseMpumalanga Ekude. Waqala ukusebenza ngo-1983. Kuwo amasampuli wemishini yempi yezikhathi ezahlukene.
6. Museum of the Amur Bridge.
7. Igalari yobuciko. Fedotov.
8. Imyuziyamu yomlando wesiteshi seKhabarovsk-1.

Kusukela ngo-1978 usebenza njengomtapo wezincwadi. UP. Komarova, kanye namagatsha alo ayishumi. Umtapo wezingane nawo wakhiwe nguye. A. Gaidar kanye noMtapo Wezesayensi We-Academy of Science noMthetho.

Izikhumbuzo nezikwele

Kukhona izikwele eziningi nezikhumbuzo emzini. Isikwele esikhulu saseKhabarovsk - uLenin. Iwubamba wonke amaphupho edolobha futhi igubha amaholidi angakapheli amaholide. Uyaziwa njengenhle kakhulu edolobheni. Igumbi eliphakathi kweKhabarovsk yiG Glory Square. Kwavulwa ngo-1975. Liyisikhumbuzo kumaqhawe we-Great Patriotic War. I-Komsomolskaya Square yiyona endala kunazo zonke edolobheni. Ngo-1923 kwathiwa ngokuthi i-Red Square.

Ngo-2012, umuzi wanikezwa isihloko esihlonishwayo seRussia Federation "City of Glory Glory". Ukuhlonishwa kwalesi sihloko kwakhiwa uStella. Ukuvulwa kwalo kwenzeka ngonyaka wezi-2015, okungukuthi, ngomnyaka weshumi namashumi ayisikhombisa wokuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ngaphansi kwetshe lesikhumbuzo ukuhlela kwedolobha esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukuvula imyuziyamu yedolobha ezinikezelwe esihlokweni esifanayo.

Isikhumbuzo esithi "Black Tulip" sakhiwe enkundleni ebizwa ngokuthi uLenin ngokuhlonipha amasosha afela empini ye-Afghanistan. Umbhali wesikhumbuzo wayengumdwebi odumile uJu. Kukuev. "I-Black Tulip" idonsela ukunakekelwa okuningi kwabakhenkethi, nakuba okushoyo - abantu bendawo ababukeka ngokungaqondile emuva kwetshe lesikhumbuzo, badlula ngengozi. Abaningi bamadolobhana bayamvakashela ukuhlonipha izihlobo zabo noma abangane babo.

Eduze le nkundla ibonisa isikhumbuzo sabasolwa abasemadolobheni. Lesi sikhumbuzo sakhiwa ngo-2004 ngokuhlonipha izisulu zeMpi Yombango ka-1921.

Isikhumbuzo seCaptain Ya. Dyachenko sakhiwe endaweni yesikhulumi segranite. Yakhelwe kuphela kwiminikelo yabakhamuzi. Eceleni kwetshe lesikhumbuzo umgwaqo obizwa ngokuthi lo muntu.

Izindawo ezidumile

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule, ibhuloho le-Amur lakhiwa - lesi simangaliso sezobunjiniyela yisibhuloho esikhulu kunabo bonke abaseRussia. Kuhlelekile umzila wesitimela kanye nomgwaqo wezimoto ezimbili. Ixhuma amabhange eMfula i-Amur. Lena enye yezindawo eziyingqayizivele edolobheni.

Khabarovsk yanamuhla, kunezindawo eziningi ezinhle abavakashi abazithanda ukuvakashela kanye nezakhamuzi ngokwabo. Ngo-1983, amachibi omuzi ayemnandi kakhulu. Ziqukethe amachibi amathathu, adalwa ngendlela yokuhlaselwa futhi ahlukana phakathi kwabo ngamabhodlana amancane. Eduzeleni kubo sithatha izindlela ezihlaza. Ngo-2011, amachibi ayegcwele ukukhanya okukhanyayo nemishini yamanzi. Manje abantu abaningi basedolobheni bahlangana lapha kusihlwa ukuze bajabulele ukuboniswa okukhanyayo, futhi ntambama labo abathanda ukukhononda okumnandi kwamithombo bahamba eduze.

Futhi ukufakwa kwedolobha. I-Nevelskogo iyisithakazelo sokuvakasha. Umfula wase-Amur ukuziqhenya kwabakhamuzi ngokwabo. Kule ndawo enhle ivame ukuphumula imindeni yabakhileyo bendawo, lapha beka abathandekayo bemihlangano, njengabahamba ngezindawo zasemadolobheni asebekhulile. Umfula we-Amur uthathwa njengendawo yothando kakhulu kubathandi nabathandi bezinyosi, ngesikhathi "somshado" abasanda kushada lapha futhi kukhona izithombe, futhi kubantu kubhekwa ukuthi ukuvakashela le ndawo ngosuku lomshado kungokwenjabulo yomndeni oqinile. Umfula wase-Amur usezindaweni zomlando iKhabarovsk.

E-Komsomolskaya Square kunenye ukuziqhenya kweMpumalanga Ekude - i-Grado-Khabarovsk Cathedral ye-Assumption yoMama kaNkulunkulu. Wonke umuntu ohambahambayo uyayivakashela ukuze abuke ubuhle obuyingqayizivele bwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zamasonto. Ukuphakama kwethempeli kungamamitha ama-50. Okokuqala kubonakala ngokucacile emnyango womuzi. Isakhiwo sakhiwe esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyishumi, futhi ngo-1886 inkonzo yokuqala yenzeke lapho.

Muraviev-Amursky Street - kungenye owaziwa phakathi kokubili bendawo nezivakashi ngokufanayo hhayi kuphela e-Russia, kodwa futhi bakwamanye amazwe, ukukhangana komuzi. It is lapha walilondoloza izindlu ezindala kakhulu ukuthi ivelele ngokumelene isizinda yedolobha lanamuhla, ukukhumbula esedlule. Emgwaqweni zikhona zokudlela eziningi ethokomele nezindawo zokudlela ezinhle ezinikeza ikhofi namakhekhe kanye ukudla okuphelele ngamanani ezingabizi, kanye lapha iyona engcono kunazo zonke cinema. Ngo ezitolo ezithengisa eMpumalanga Ekude eziyisikhumbuzo kwezivakashi.