Minerals amaseli nencazelo yawo. Indima izinto amaminerali kuseli

Cell - akuyona kuphela iyunithi isakhi zonke izinto eziphilayo, kwaba khona uhlobo oluthile ekwakheni block zokuphila, kodwa futhi imboni encane ekhiqiza kwamakhemikhali, lapho zonke uqhekeko wesibili, kukhona kugucuka ahlukahlukene nendlela ezisabela ngayo. kwakhiwa Ngakho kudingeka impilo nokukhula umzimba izingxenye zesakhiwo: amaminerali, amaseli, amanzi, kanye organic compounds. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi bekuyokwenzekani ukube ezinye zazo ngeke kwanele. Iyiphi indima efezwa zezakhi ezahlukene izimpilo zalaba, engabonakali ngeso lenyama, izinhlayiya ezincane isakhi izinhlelo ophilayo? Sizozama sokulungisa le nkinga.

Ukwahlukanisa iseli izinto

Zonke zezakhi ezakha mass amangqamuzana kwakha izingxenye zalo kwesakhiwo banesibopho ukuthuthukiswa, ukudla, ukuphefumula, plastic kanye yayo amandla umzimba, ukuthuthukiswa evamile zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu. Kuyinto izigaba ezifana:

• organic;
• inorganics amaseli (nosawoti wamaminerali);
• amanzi.

Ngokuvamile, lona wamuva libhekisela eqenjini yezingxenye wezinto yesibili. Ngaphezu lezi zigaba, kungenzeka ukuhlonza lezo akhiwe inhlanganisela yawo. Lokhu izinsimbi ezakha molecule organic compounds (isib, i-hemoglobin-molecule ehlanganisa ion ferric, kuyinto amaprotheni emvelweni).

Minerals amaseli

Ngokucacile izakhi yezimbiwa noma wezinto ezingaphili, lithathwa ngayinye yomzimba ophilayo, awayona by the nature nokuqukethwe ambalwa okufanayo futhi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ngezigaba zabo.

Zonke compounds wezinto ezingaphili kungenziwa zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu.

1. Macronutrients. Labo okuqukethwe ngaphakathi engqamuzaneni phezu 0.02% ngesisindo sezinti izinto wezinto ezingaphili. Izibonelo carbon, i-oksijini, i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, magnesium, calcium, potassium, chlorine, isibabule, phosphorus kanye sodium.
2. Landzelela izakhi - esingaphansi 0.02%. Lawa: zinc, ithusi, i-chromium, selenium, ayibe, manganese, fluorine, nickel, vanadium, i-iodine germanium.
3. Ultramicroelements - okuqukethwe esingaphansi 0.0000001%. Izibonelo: igolide, cesium, i-platinum, isiliva, mercury nabanye.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuhlukanisa izakhi eziningana ethile kukhona organogenic, isb yisisekelo organic compounds kuyiphi bakha umzimba ophilayo. Lezi izinto ezifana:

• hydrogen;
• nitrogen;
• carbon;
• umoya-mpilo.

Bakha amaprotheni molecule (izisekelo zokuphila), ama-carbohydrate, lipids, kanye nezinye izinto. Nokho, i-ukusebenza evamile umzimba abaholayo kanye namaminerali. Amakhemikhali ukwakheka kwamaseli amashumi tincenye ishadi lesikhathi, okuyizinto isihluthulelo ukusebenza ngempumelelo. Kuphela mayelana 12 azo zonke athomu abanalo indima nhlobo noma kuyinto encane kakhulu futhi engakaze wafunda.

ebaluleke kakhulu izifo ezithile zikasawoti, okumele udle ukudla usuku ngalunye eliningi eyanele ukuze singathwesi ukuthuthukisa izifo ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze izitshalo ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, i-sodium nitrate, i-potassium nitrate. Ukuze abantu nezilwane kuyinto usawoti calcium, i-sodium usawoti deku sodium ne chloride, njll ..

amanzi

Minerals maseli kuhlangene amanzi eqenjini Imininingwane materials wezinto ezingaphili, ngakho ukusho inani layo akunakwenzeka. Yini indima oyifezayo emzimbeni izidalwa eziphilayo? Omkhulu. Ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, sasibheka esitokisini ifektri kwamakhemikhali. Ngakho, bonke kugucuka ezenzeka njalo izinto yesibili wenziwa i osebenzelana aqueous. She - konemimoya jikelele ekuxhumaneni kuphela futhi amakhemikhali, izinqubo zamagama futhi ibole.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi engena ngaphakathi medium:

• cytoplasm;
• iseli ubisi ezitshalweni;
• negazi lezilwane humans;
• umchamo;
• olunye uketshezi begazi ngamathe.

Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kusho ukufa kubo bonke eziphilayo ngothi lwawo. Amanzi - indawo yokuphila okunhlobonhlobo yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke overestimate ukubaluleka kwalokhu impahla wezinto ezingaphili kunzima, kuyiqiniso ngokungenamkhawulo enkulu.

Macronutrients nencazelo yawo

Minerals amaseli umsebenzi salo esivamile ibalulekile. Ikakhulukazi le kusebenza nje macrocells. Iqhaza ngamunye wabo kufundvwe ngokuningiliziwe futhi linesikhathi eside likhona. Yini ama-athomu akha iqembu macronutrients, siye engenhla, ngakho ngeke ukuphinda. Kafushane selisho indima ayinhloko.

1. Calcium. Nosawoti kudingeke ukulethwa emzimbeni Ca ²⁺ ion. Sami ion ezihilelekile kule nqubo futhi ayeke igazi ekunqandeni, ukunikeza exocytosis lamaseli kanye imisipha, kuhlanganise nenhliziyo. usawoti zingaxazululeki - isisekelo amathambo namazinyo bezilwane nabantu abavela eqinile.
2. Potassium kanye sodium. Gcina isimo ulwelwesi ezingaba amaseli akha sodium potassium futha zenhliziyo.
3. Chlorine - ehilelekile ukuhlinzekwa lamaseli kagesi.
4. Phosphorus, isibabule, nitrogen - yizici compounds eziningi organic, kanye iqhaza umsebenzi imisipha, ukubunjwa amathambo.

Yiqiniso, uma sicabanga into ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe, ungakwazi ukutshela okuningi yobuningi bayo emzimbeni kanye nokuntuleka. Phela, kokubili eziyingozi kanye kuholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.

Besilokhu sikhipha nokudla okunezakhamzimba

Iqhaza amaminerali cell, okungokwendlela iqembu izakhi mkhondo, futhi ezinkulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi okuqukethwe kwabo lincane kakhulu yezinyoni, ngaphandle kwabo kwakungeke bakwazi ukusebenza isikhathi eside. Into ebaluleke kakhulu zonke athomu kokungaphezulu kulesi sigaba, njenge:

• iodine;
• zinc;
• zethusi;
• selenium;
• fluoro;
• ayibe.

Jwayelekile iodine ezingeni edingekayo ukuze silondoloze ukusebenza futhi hormone yegilo. Fluoride kuyadingeka ukuze umzimba ukuqinisa izinyo koqweqwe lwawo futhi izitshalo - ukuze alondoloze eguquguqukayo kanye Umbala ocebile amaqabunga.

Zinc futhi yethusi - liyisici, ingxenye enzyme eziningi amavithamini. Bangabaholi abadlali ebalulekile izinqubo zamagama kanye exchange plastic.

Selenium - ngokuzimisela ukulawulwa icubungula ezidingekayo for the element endocrine uhlelo. Cobalt linenye igama - Vitamin _B-12, futhi bonke zezakhi yaleli qembu kubaluleke kakhulu amasosha omzimba.

Ngakho-ke, izinto amaminerali ukusebenza esitokisini, okuyinto akhiwa microelements engengaphansi kwengu labo ezisebenza macrostructure. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba kudle bobabili eziningi ezanele.

ultramicroelements

Minerals, emangqamuzaneni okuthiwa akhiwa ultramicroelements, musa ukudlala indima enjalo ephawulekayo njengoba eshiwo ngenhla. Nokho, yesikhathi eside yokuntuleka kubo kungaholela kubuhlungu ngempela futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyingozi kakhulu imiphumela yezempilo.

Ngokwesibonelo, selenium futhi ubheke leli qembu kanye. ukushoda yakhe yesikhathi eside kuphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa izimila anomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, lokho kubhekwa njengokuzijabulisa esisemqoka. Kodwa igolide nesiliva - kukhona izinsimbi ezithinta nomthelela omubi amabhaktheriya, zizibulala. Ngakho-ke ukudlala indima amagciwane ngaphakathi engqamuzaneni.

Sekukonke, Nokho, kufanele kusho ukuthi ultramicroelements umsebenzi engakaze wembula ngokugcwele ososayensi, nokubaluleka kwazo uhlala akucacile.

Izinsimbi kanye nezinto eziphilayo

izinsimbi abaningi bayingxenye amangqamuzana angokwemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-magnesium - chlorophyll coenzyme adingekayo isitshalo okuthiwa i-photosynthesis. Iron - ingxenye ngqamuzana, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukuba afeze umoya. Yethusi, i-zinc manganese nabanye - ezinye molecule enzyme, amavithamini kanye hormone.

Kusobala ukuthi bonke laba uxhumano ibalulekile emzimbeni. Bagone yonke indlela eya amaminerali ayikwazi Nokho, okwamanje ukuba esinqunyiwe.

Minerals amaseli nencazelo yawo: Libanga 5, ithebula

Kufinyeta lokho esiye satshelwa phezu sihloko, ithebula jikelele sokuthandaza, esasibonisa ukuthi ayizakhi amaminerali, futhi kungani kudingeka. Ingasetshenziselwa ku incazelo ngale ndaba abafundi, isibonelo, ngenyanga yesihlanu grade imfundo.

Ngakho, amaseli amaminerali ukubaluleka kwabo uzobe sesiwati abafundi uyazi izinyathelo eziyisisekelo ukuqeqeshwa.

Imiphumela yokuntuleka compounds amaminerali

Lapho sikhuluma ngalokho indima amaminerali cell kubalulekile, kufanele kutfolakale tibonelo ukufakazela leli qiniso.

Nazi ezinye izifo achazwayo nge ukuntula noma ngokweqile yimuphi zezakhi okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni.

1. Umfutho ophakeme wegazi.
2. Ischemia, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
3. Goiter nezinye izifo yegilo (isifo Basedow, njll).
4. Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi.
5. ukukhula okungavamile nokuthuthukiswa.
6. izimila olunomdlavuza.
7. Fluorosis futhi caries kwamazinyo.
8. izifo igazi.
9. disorder kwemisipha nesimiso sezinzwa.
10. Ukuqunjelwa.

Yiqiniso, lena akuyona uhlu oluphelele. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zinakekelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ekudleni nsuku wayeqinisile futhi kunokulinganisela yini.