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Izifunda Afrika: isimo nedolobha

Ngaphakathi Black Izwekazi itholakala emazweni angu-60, kuhlanganise isimo engaziwa futhi self-wamemezela. Afrika ezindaweni ihluke nomunye by criteria eziningi: zabantu, izigaba zezomnotho, ukubalwa kwabantu, njll Bangaki-ke kubo bonke ivelele ezwekazini ..? Ngiziphi iinarha ze-elawo?

Izici makrorayonirovaniya izwekazi: izifunda Afrika

Izwe ngalinye Afrika uhlukile futhi ehlukile. Nokho, ezinye izici ezivamile phakathi lezi uthi (zemvelo, zomlando, zenhlalo nezomnotho) ukuvumela zokuma kwendawo uhlukanise nezwekazi yaba izifunda eziningana ezinkulu. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange ezinhlanu, ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso UN ngezigaba.

Zonke izifunda Afrika tibalwe lapha ngentasi:

  • North;
  • Central noma ezishisayo;
  • eNingizimu;
  • West;
  • EMpumalanga Afrika.

Ngayinye yalezi-izifunda Macro ihlanganisa amazwe amaningana engxenyeni efanele kuleli zwekazi. Ngakho, umholi kwenani uthi kuyinto esifundeni West. Futhi iningi labo likwazi ngiziqhayise ukufinyelela izilwandle. Kodwa khona iNyakatho neNingizimu Afrika kukhona izindawo elikhulu endaweni ezwekazini.

Iningi esifundeni wezwe empumalanga eminyakeni yamuva zibonisa nokwanda okuphawulekayo GDP capita sabantu ngayinye. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, engxenyeni ephakathi ye-Afrika ukugxila komkhathi yayo abampofu emuva kakhulu ngokuya kwezomnotho nesayensi isimo iplanethi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuwona wonke ukuthatha uhlelo ekhona nokuklanywa ezihlongozwayo yiZizwe Ezihlangene. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abacwaningi abahambi ezikhishwe kulesi sifunda njengoba South-East Africa. Kuhlanganisa ingqikithi ezine lithi: Zambia, eMalawi, eMozambique kanye naseZimbabwe.

Okulandelayo sizobheka kabanzi futhi uchaze zonke izindawo e-Afrika, okubonisa amazwe abo ezinkulu emadolobheni.

North Afrika

Isifunda ihlanganisa uthi ayisithupha ozijameleko omunye kancane abaziwa: Tunisia, Sudan, Morocco, Libya, Western Sahara (Sadr), Egypt futhi Algeria. ENyakatho Afrika, ngaphezu, futhi kuhlanganisa izindawo eziningana kwezilwandle okuqondene eSpain nasePortugal. Amazwe esifundeni izindawo elikhulu.

Cishe zonke izifunda ze-Afrika esenyakatho abe esidayisa ububanzi lubhekisele oLwandle iMedithera. Leli qiniso ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwabo, elisho a izibopho impela kwezomnotho ne-Europe. Iningi labantu esifundeni is bagxila kule ewumngcingo strip ezisogwini Mediterranean, kanye esigodini iNayile. ULwandle Olubomvu ugeza ogwini ezimbili uthi esifundeni sikhuluma-Sudan kanye nase-Egypt. Kumephu yeNyakatho Afrika, kula mazwe kungene kakhulu isikhundla empumalanga.

Isilinganiso lengenako GDP esifundeni akuyona njengoba okusezingeni eliphezulu. Nokho, ngokuvumelana IMF izibikezelo, bayohlala ukwandisa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuphela. Izwe ezihlwempu vumelekile izifunda iyona Sudan, abacebile kakhulu - oil-producing uthi, Libya, Tunisia Algeria.

North Afrika kuyahluka sezingeni elithuthukile (ngezindinganiso Afrika) kwezolimo. Lapha sikhule izithelo ezisawolintshi, amakhiwane, iminqumo umoba. Lesi sifunda siyindawo ethandwa phakathi abahambi. Amazwe ezifana Egypt, Tunisia Morocco, evakashela ngonyaka izigidi zezivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke.

Amadolobha amakhulu: Casablanca, Tunis, Tripoli, Cairo, Alexandria.

Algeria nakulo iGibhithe ibalazwe Afrika: Managing

Egypt - isimo, ngaphakathi kwalo kukhona omunye impucuko endala kakhulu emhlabeni. Kuyinto izwe imibhoshongo ongaqondakali, nengcebo efihliweyo, nama-legends. Kuyinto umholi ngokuphelele yonke Dark Izwekazi sokuthuthukiswa zokungcebeleka-emkhakheni wezokuvakasha. Egypt ngonyaka wavakashelwa kungekho izivakashi ezingenamandla kuka-10 million.

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi leli lizwe ingenye kakhulu anezimboni e-mpumalanga yezwe. Lapha ngenkuthalo yezimayini nokucutshungulwa uwoyela, igesi, i-iron ne-ore manganese, igolide, amalahle, kanye nokunye. D. emkhakheni wezimboni ngempumelelo usebenza zamakhemikhali, usimende kanye yendwangu izimboni.

Awukho umbuso kancane ezithakazelisayo eNyakatho Afrika kuyinto Algeria. Leli zwe likhulu kunawo wonke usayizi yaleli zwekazi. Kwenzeka inqaba, lesi sihloko zokuhlonipha wafumana kuphela ngo-2011, ngemva kokuwa Sudan. Ngaphezu kule rekhodi, Algeria nezinye amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, bewazi yini ukuthi:

  • mayelana 80% ala masimu elalihlala ogwadule Algeria;
  • omunye amachibi kuleli zwe elihle egcwele inki yangempela;
  • esimweni kukhona eziyisikhombisa amasayithi UNESCO;
  • Algeria Azikho "McDonald" kanye sesonto lobu-Orthodox;
  • utshwala okuthengiswa kuphela ezitolo ezikhethekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Algeria kuthinta abahambi ukwehluka ebukeka yawo engokwemvelo. Lapha umuntu angabona yonke into: izintaba namahlathi aminyene, futhi, izingwadule ezishisa kanye echibini cool.

eNtshonalanga Afrika

Le ndawo Afrika uba umholi ngokuphelele lonke inani uthi ezimele. Kukhona 16 babo lapha: Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Cape Verde, eCôte d'Ivoire, Senegal, eSierra Leone Togo.

Iningi amazwe esifundeni - emazweni ampofu nge-GDP ongaphakeme. Ezinye okuhlukile kulolu hlu kungenziwa ngokuthi Nigeria. Izibikezelo IMF esifundeni kukhona okungekuhle: izinkomba of lengenako GDP esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ngeke sikhule.

Cishe u-60% sabantu West Afrika abasebenza kwezolimo. Lapha elikhulu isikali umkhiqizo nokhokho oyimpuphu, ugodo, amafutha esundu. Imboni yokukhiqiza is kahle kuphela eNigeria.

Izinkinga eyinhloko esifundeni kufanele sifake hlangana okulandelako:

  • ukuthuthukiswa ezibuthakathaka igridi yezokuthutha;
  • ubumpofu kanye nokuntula imfundo;
  • inombolo enkulu izingxabano ulimi futhi ezidonsela.

Imizi ngobukhulu esifundeni: Dakar, Freetown, Abidjan, Accra, Lagos, Abuja, Bamako.

I-Sub-Saharan Africa

I-Sub-Saharan Africa - emazweni eziyisishiyagalombili ezihluke kakhulu ngobukhulu (Chad, Cameroon, eGabon, eCentral African Republic, Republic of Congo, i-DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, futhi sase-São Tomé and Príncipe). Izwe ampofu kakhulu esifundeni Democratic Republic of the Congo nge-GDP aphansi kakhulu $ 330 lengenako.

I vumelekile umnotho ubuswa ezolimo kanye nezimayini, emazweni asele abakuzuze izikhathi wamakoloni. Lapha emayini yegolide, ayibe, ithusi, uwoyela amadayimane. Umnotho we-Afrika Ephakathi ubulokhu ihlala eluhlaza.

Ukuba khona inkinga enkulu esifundeni izindawo ezishisayo futhi gqwa izingxabano zempi.

Imizi ngobukhulu esifundeni: Douala, N'djamena, Libreville, Kinshasa, Bangui.

East Africa

Isifunda ihlanganisa amazwe ayishumi ezizimele (Eritrea, Djibouti, eTopiya, eSomalia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, izwe enegama elihle waseRwanda eyayisanda kumiswa South Sudan), kanye ezinye engaziwa zokwakheka isimo nezindawo nasekuthengeni.

East Africa - isifunda ne uthi abasha, umnotho emuva kanye predominance wezolimo monocultural. Kwamanye amazwe, umuntu ukudunwa elikhulayo (Somalia), akukhona okungavamile ukuba likhithike lokulwa phakathi kwamazwe (kokubili ngaphakathi phakathi emazweni angomakhelwane). Kwezinye izifundazwe, sasivumela evuthiwe umkhakha izivakashi. Ikakhulukazi, Kenya noma Uganda zezihambeli ziyafika ukuvakashela amapaki kazwelonke zendawo ukuthola zasendle ubunjalo Afrika.

Imizi ngobukhulu esifundeni: Juba, e-Addis Ababa, e-Mogadishu, Nairobi, iKampala.

South Africa

Kugcine vumelekile izifunda zaleli zwekazi zihlanganisa amanye amazwe 10: Angola, eZambia, eMalawi, eMozambique, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, kanye imizi emibili (eLesotho kanye naseSwazini). Ngenxa yalesi sifunda nakho kaningi kakhulu okukhulunywa Madagascar kanye Seychelles.

amazwe aseNingizimu ne-Afrika ihluke nomunye mayelana nokuthuthuka kanye GDP izibalo. Isimo amaningi asethuthukile ngokuya kwezomnotho, esifundeni eNingizimu Afrika. South Africa - ezweni elithakazelisayo, okuyinto linedolobha ezintathu nje wedolobha.

Ngiphephile evuthiwe ezokuvakasha kwamanye amazwe esifundeni (ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Afrika, Botswana kanye Seychelles). Swaziland idonse abahambi eziningi isiko kahle walondoloza nasemasikweni alo amibalabala.

Imizi ngobukhulu esifundeni: Luanda, Lusaka, Windhoek, Maputo, ePitoli, eThekwini, Cape Town, ePort Elizabeth.

isiphetho

Zonke amazwe ase-Afrika yokuqala, umnandi kakhulu futhi kaningi sihluke nomunye. Nokho, zokuma kwendawo zakwazi iqembu kubo ngokuvumelana zomlando, izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kanye namasiko zindlela, siphakamise ezinhlanu vumelekile izifunda: North, West, Central, waseMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika.

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