Montessori - Montessori uhlelo ...: incazelo, izinto, imicabango yabantu abazali nothisha

Namuhla, ukuthuthukiswa abazali zezingane akhokhe isikhathi esiningi engaphezu kwekhulu edlule. Kukhona izindlela zokufundisa ahlukahlukene ukuthi ukusiza izingane zisencane kayikhuli nje, kodwa futhi ukuze ufunde. Montessori amasu - kuba yokufundisa, ikakhulukazi lokho futhi kanjani ukuyisebenzisa - lokhu Kuzoxoxwa.

amagama

Ekuqaleni kungase kudingeke uqonde amagama okuzokwenziwa ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa esihlokweni okufakiwe. Ngakho Montessori - akusiyo nje igama ukuthuthukiswa okuqala e-indlela. Lona igama nowesifazane owayekhathazeke umsunguli wayo. Lokho-Italian Maria Montessori ezibhalise zonke izimiso yezimfundiso zakhe yokufundisa, etshela kuyasiza ukuthi Kiddies kangcono futhi kalula ukuzwa ngezwe. Emuva ngo-1907 wavula isikole yakhe yokuqala, lapho basiza ukuthuthukisa qualitatively ngokwengqondo izingane ebhasha, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho odlulele ekuthuthukisweni ontanga yayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Maria Montessori lalihlala ukuzibuza: ukuthi benzeni abantwana evamile, ngakho they cha are okuthile athuthukile, ngisho ngezinga elithile nelinemikhuba? Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuze kube manje, le ndlela iye yasetshenziselwa etikhungweni letahlukahlukene yokufundisa izingane ngokuphumelelayo emazweni angu-80.

Okubalulekile indlela Montessori

Ukuze ukuqonde kangcono lokho uhlukile kunjalo, le mfundiso Pedagogical, kudingeka ukuqonda yisiqubulo indlela Montessori. Kuyinto ibinzana lilula: "Ngisize ukukwenza ngokwakho!". Kulesi sigaba kuyacaca kakhulu ngayiphi indlela ukuthuthukisa le mfundiso. Lokho umsebenzi oyinhloko we uthisha kuleli cala - ukusiza ingane, hhayi ukuwenza uphumelele ngaye okufanayo. Lapha kumelwe ngokuphelele ukuqonda ngokwami ukuthi le ndlela kukhona isixhumanisi inextricable 'wezinsika' yayo ezintathu eziyinhloko: ingane, uthisha kanye imvelo ekhona. Isimiso wukuthi ingane phakathi nendawo. Nge zonke izifiso zayo, imizwa kanye namaphupho. Nursemaid akusiwona uthisha njengoba enjalo. Wayengeyena umeluleki, kodwa nje kusiza ingane ukuba ifunde ukuthi izwe lapho khona njengamanje. Inhloso yalo omdala - ukukhombisa indlela (ingane ningase nibe nemibono yabo), kodwa ukukusiza uma ingane yakho idinga usizo. Kubaluleke non-wahlulela abanye esisho isikhathi esithile. Okubalulekile kule nqubo - kungaphazamisi amandla owakhako has imvuthu ekuseni. Ukuthi kuyinto enkulu ukushayela force yentuthuko kanye ulwazi oluthuthukayo lomhlaba. Ngenxa okukhipha encane, siphawula ukuthi injongo eyinhloko yokufundisa imfundiso - akwenzi ingane nerd kancane. Imvuthu kudingeka bafundise umuntu onjalo, ngakho-ke kwaba ezithakazelisayo ukufunda okuthile okusha, ukuhlola izwe elisizungezile ezingasho.

On the tinkhombandlela enganeni

Eqaphela ukuthi Montessori - indlela ekhethekile ukuthuthukiswa ekuseni imvuthuluka, kubalulekile ukuze ukhombise lapho isiqondiso izosebenza lolu lwazi:

• ukuthuthukiswa Ukudideka. Okungukuthi, izinyane ifunda emhlabeni ukusebenzisa izinzwa zabo: ukuzwa, emehlweni, iphunga, ingxenye ethintekayo. Kuye lokhu, azibumbayo nomqondo ifomu, umbala pr.osobennostyah ezizungezile izinto.
• ukunakwa Omkhulu lapha ikhokhelwa ekuthuthukiseni yokukhuluma, kusebenze izikhungo inkulumo ebuchosheni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngekugcila ukuthuthkisa emihle motor amakhono.
• Kubalulekile kakhulu Montessori yokufuna amakhono awusizo.
• Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa isifundiso amakhono zezibalo.
• Futhi-ke, ingane eba ulwazi oluyisisekelo kakhulu - mayelana nezwe kanye nemvelo. Baby ukunikeza inkomba esisiza siqonde ukuthi yini ukuphakama, ubude, isisindo, kanjalonjalo.

Mayelana nentuthuko nezikhathi

Uhlelo Montessori kuwukuthi iwukuba kwenkathi ngayinye engu has izincomo zayo ezithile. Ngamafuphi, kungashiwo ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu ezinkulu ekukhuleni kwengane okwesikhashana:

1. Kusukela ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni 6 ubudala - kuyinto isigaba sokuqala. Kulapha kumiswa ubuntu bengane, kulonyaka, ebonakaliswa amakhono kwayo okusemqoka. Le nkathi uhlukile yokuthi ngalesi sikhathi ingane ubamba konke like isiponji. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukunikeza izinto ezilungile ukugaya ingane yakhe.
2. Eyesibili isigaba - ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya ku-12. Lesikhatsi lesi main ukuthuthukiswa sezinzwa. Kid siba nezinzwa ezisenza sizwele kakhulu futhi ikwamukela okushiwoyo. Isigaba nakho libhekene emakamu eliphezulu ukunakwa. Ngale ndlela umntwana isikhathi eside kungaba ukugxila kulokho kumnandzi, hhayi wafutha ku nezinye izenzo.
3. Ubusha, noma kunini kusuka engu-12 kuya ku-18. Ngalesi ihora wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke ukuthola isipiliyoni siqu. Lesi isikhathi zokuhlolwa kanye, yebo, izimbungulu.

Kuyini nezikhathi ezibucayi

Kodwa ngaphezu izigaba ezintathu ezinkulu, uhlelo Montessori ine umqondo nowabantu izinkathi ebucayi. Lesi sikhathi, bezibona yezingane ekhethekile ka letsite. Lezi zikhathi isikhathi le ndlela abaluleke kakhulu ngoba zisiza kalula nangokunembile ukuthola ulwazi oluthile.

• namakhono okufundisa ulimi. Lesi isikhathi yokuzalwa imvuthu. Isigaba asebenzayo - kuze kube engu-6 ubudala. Uma sikhuluma ngokuvamile, kuthatha kukho konke ukuphila.
• sezinzwa isikhathi ukuthuthukiswa kuthoma ngesikhathi sokuzalwa luphele mayelana 6 ubudala. Kodwa isigaba salo asebenzayo.
• Kusukela lapho sizalwa futhi kuze kube iminyaka emithathu e-kid wabeka umbono oda. Akukhona nje ukuhlanzeka endlini, nakakhulu - imithetho ethile ekuphileni. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuseni ngivuke, ugeze.
• Nge iminyaka unyaka ongu-1 kuya ku-4 ukuze imvuthu asathuthuka motor umsebenzi. Libuye kwesikhathi ukuthola self-nakho.
• Futhi eminyakeni engu-2.5 kuya ku-6 kukhona ezihlukahlukene amakhono emphakathini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nkathi ingane wabeka kwezinkambiso abadelelayo futhi ethobekile, azoyisebenza kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Eqinisweni, indlela Montessori has okuningi nezikhathi idatha. Ziyakwazi esinembile futhi eziqondile. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ekahle isikhathi yokufunda ukubhala - kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi 3.5 4.5, futhi ukufunda - kusuka 4.5 kuya 5.5.

Izimiso indlela Montessori

Iqiniso lokuthi Montessori - inqubo yentuthuko ekuseni, siye saba sobala ngempela. Ngempela ufuna ukukhuluma ngalokho, ngalokho ncamashi le mfundiso izimiso Pedagogical based. Mangisho ukuthi zonke uthishanhloko isivele kusho inqubo Isiqubulo. Kulesi sisekelo, izimiso izimfundiso okulandelayo:

• Self-imfundo, self-ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokufunda - lokho yinto esemqoka inqubo.
• Umhlinzeki kufanele ahloniphe ubuntu bengane, izici zayo kanye namakhono ehlukile. Ayikho indlela abakwazi uyoshintshwa noma ngaphezulu - ukubhubhisa.
• Ingane uzenza. Futhi kuphela ngemisebenzi yalo njengoba akha ubuntu is.
• Isikhathi ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni imvuthu - kusuka ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni eyisithupha ubudala.
• Izingane abe nekhono esiyingqayizivele izinkanuko nangokwengqondo ukuncela yonke imvelo zonke.

Maria Montessori uthi akufanele ukusheshisa enganeni. Kodwa lapha kubaluleke kakhulu ungalahlekelwa isikhashana uma udinga ukusiza imvuthu ukwakha okuthile azani. Ulwazi oluningi alikho. Kodwa ngoba ingane yakhe ukuthatha ncamashi lokho ayekudinga ngaleso sikhathi.

Izinto sokuthuthukiswa ingane

Yini enye kubalulekile ukutshela Montessori indlela yokufunda? Izinto okumele ezokwenza ezidingekayo sokuthuthukisa ingane. Kungokufanayo kuyodingeka ukuba zigcinelwe abazali abafuna ukuthuthukisa ingane ngokuvumelana nolwazi Pedagogical? Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amathoyizi okungahleliwe kulesi simo ngeke. Zonke izinto esibafundisayo kahle wacabanga, uzilungiselele futhi wenza kusukela eliphezulu ukhuni noma indwangu. Ziyakwazi uyabukeka touch futhi yinhle nokuthi umntwana wabo. Ngakho, ithoyizi kakhulu impela. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Uzimele-lacing. Zingaba ezahlukene kakhulu. Yakhelwe ukuqeqesha ingane ukusebenzisa izinto zasekhaya, njengezingubo zokugqoka. Ozimele kungenziwa lizwakalise phezu snaps, izipikili futhi izinkinobho.
• Izitebhisi, izinyathelo nemibhoshongo. Bafundisa izinyane ukuba baqonde lokho okufundiswa zinkulu futhi ezincane, mkhulu futhi izacile.
• Coli. Fundisa imiqondo ezifana eside futhi esifushane, isikhathi eside futhi esifushane.
• amaphilisi Coloured. Yakhelwe ukuqeqesha imibala umntwana. Kukhona amasethi ezahlukene for abancane, futhi izingane ezindala.
• Setha ngamajamo weJiyomethri. Akufundisa izinto eziyisisekelo geometry.
• I amasilinda, okuyizinto athandwa kakhulu nezingane eziningi ezincane. Sinenkosi okuhlukile. Kwesinye isenzakalo, amasilinda zingafakwa ngemibala kanye nosayizi, kungenjalo - unamathisele isikhunta ngobukhulu.
• I Montessori indlela namanje ocebile? Izinto ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa zezingane - ke esayina ne izinhlamvu anolaka. Ngakho, umntwana uthatha isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba afunde ukufunda nokubhala.

Kukhona lokhuni izinti, ubuhlalu, puzzle. Futhi eziningi ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo nokuwusizo ezokwenza nentshisekelo futhi bahlanganyele ngokunembile imvuthu.

kanjani Yegetsemani Montessori

Ngokwemvelo, uma kukhona imfundiso okungukuthi kokubili izikhungo zemfundo ezisebenza ngokuvumelana le ndlela. Ungabheka kanjani Montessori (SAD)? Endaweni yokuqala, le nhlangano ngeke banamathele ezimisweni le-International Association of Montessori:

• Ikamelo inqubo. Uhlanzekile emhlabeni nasesibhakabhakeni. Ayikho zihlakazeke izinto.
• Zonke ifenisha kufanelekile ekukhuleni nezingane, eqenjini. Zonke izinto ezidingekayo endaweni yabo ukufinyelela.
• Kulezi izingadi, izingane zabo bonke ubudala. se nabanye emaqenjini axubile.
• Iphuzu elibalulekile: zonke izinto Imfundo kwelinye samuntu. Kuvame i-. Kodwa nqubo ihilela oda ekufundiseni izingane.
• Egumbini lapho kunezingane, onokuthula, ozothile, akekho ekhononda futhi uyakhala.
• izingane ezindadlana kusize abangane babo ezincane.
• Isifundo ukuthi ingane ithatha eshalofini, ngemuva komdlalo ngokushesha emuva endaweni.
• Yini enye engingabuye Montessori esiyingqayizivele (SAD)? Tutor (e le ndlela yakhe ngokuthi "Mentor") akatsheli abantwana ukuthi yenzeni. Uyabuka njengoba izingane ekude. Noma ubambe nezethulo iqembu. Ngokwesibonelo, indlela yokwenza ihlezi phezu kwesihlalo noma ukususa ukuzipha jacket.

Uma amakilasi aphethwe isheduli Abantwana batshelwa ukuthi kufanele wenzeni, izingane ezinomsindo noma benesithukuthezi - ukuthi akusi ingadi noma ngisho iqembu abaqeqeshiwe indlela Montessori.

Yiziphi izimiso ka Montessori izikole umsebenzi?

Ngokuqonda kanjani ukuba ohlelekile Garden Montessori, futhi ufuna ukukhuluma kancane mayelana nendlela esisebenza esikolweni esisodwa. Bakhona njani ihluke kwezinye izikole? Okokuqala kufanele kuphawulwe, ukuthi esikoleni Montessori uhlukile ukuthi azikho amatafula, akukho nokunquma. Kunalokho, zikhona amatafula nezihlalo, amacansi ngoba umzimba phansi. Konke lokhu kwenziwa kalula bese uyiswa ahlele izingane isikhala. Kulezi amakilasi thishela - hhayi ezibaluleke kakhulu. He yodwa kusiza Kiddies. Umsebenzi we uthisha kuleli cala - ukuze usize ukuhlela imisebenzi umfundi, okuyinto azikhethele lona ukuze lisetshenziswe. Montessori School kuhilela ukwabiwa esishintshashintshayo amaningi isigaba esisodwa:

• Touch, lapho umsebenzi ifakiwe ukuzwa, emehlweni, iphunga ne sici ethintekayo.
• endaweni ukuphila Olungokoqobo, lapho ingane ifunda ukuthi kuyasiza empilweni.
• Mathematics zone.
• Area ulimi lwendabuko.
• Isikhala ndawo. Kuyinto itemu umsunguli izimfundiso Maria Montessori. Kusho indawo yemvelo imfundo isayensi.

Ngakho, umfundi ekhetha yena endaweni ukuqeqeshwa kanye ukhulumele ukwaziswa okuthile ngawo afuna ukusebenza. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi Montessori (pedagogy) kusikisela umzimba, kuze kube nini nanini akukho imizuzu engaphezu kuka-15. Futhi amakilasi izingane bobudala obungefani. Kodwa iqembu cishe ngendlela elandelayo: Kids kusukela 0 kuya ku-3 iminyaka, kusukela 3 kuya ku-6 njll

Sisebenzisa indlela Montessori House

Montessori amasu - inqubo yentuthuko ekuseni. Ingasetshenziselwa ekhaya ngempumelelo. Futhi akudingeki ukuba wenze noma yini abakhethekile noma abangavamile. ukuthenga kuphela amathoyizi ezisiza ingane yakho kahle futhi ukuzwa ngezwe. Yini kuleli cala, kumelwe kukhunjulwe kusetshenziswa indlela Montessori:

• Ingane - ubunikazi esihlukene iminyaka bokuqala. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ukuthenga ingane ezigqokisa ukuthi ukugqoka bebodwa futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
• Baby ifenisha ezidingekayo ekukhuleni yayo: izihlalo encane, amatafula, amakhabethe bafuna amathoyizi nezingubo zokugqoka. Yena ngokwakhe Kumelwe ubeke endaweni yayo.
• Montessori (phakathi nendawo) ihlale ihlanzekile, elikhanyayo futhi ethokomele. Kungokufanayo futhi kuzomele kube igumbi ingane.
• Kuyo ingane ihlala, kufanele kube ephephile. Noma iziphi izinto ezingase zephule noma ngenye indlela okwesabisa ingane encane. Bonke kufanele kumenze ufuna ukuyithinta.
• Zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa ingane ekhishini, egumbini lokugezela kufanele ezonini abanakuyithola yayo.
• Ingane kufanele abe amathuluzi abo. umshanelo lakho, idasta. Noma yimuphi usizo imvuthu kufanele ikhuthazwe.

pedagogy Montessori kusikisela ithoyizi ezithile. Futhi ukuthengwa. Yini kahle hle - echazwe ethe xaxa.

Nemiphumela ethile engathandeki le ndlela

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi iyiphi indlela imfundo has kwabalandeli bayo a baxgeki. Leli cala - iyathinteka. umbuthano Eminye izazi zikholwa ukuthi amakilasi Montessori akazange ukuthuthukisa lokusungula. Futhi zonke ngoba ayikho imidlalo indima-ukudlala, ingabe isaba khona indawo emcabangweni futhi indiza Improvisation. A wokusanhlamvu iqiniso lapha, kungenzeka kuba. Nokho, kumelwe sicabangele iqiniso lokuthi le ndlela iminyaka engaphezu kuka-100.

Eyesibili iphutha, okuyinto sikhulise ukunakwa baxgeki. Montessori (phakathi nendawo) njalo zihlukaniswa isiyalo esiqinile. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo umeluleki akufanele iphazamise inqubo yokufunda. Nokho, lapha ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthelela ingane kungaba ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Konke kuncike ikakhulukazi ongashadile futhi yakhe amakhono okufundisa.