I ukuma yensimbi

Iron ndoda yaqala ukuba ngumnikazi (UKWAKHA, ukuncibilika) emva okuyiminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngemva ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi nge ithusi. Insimbi bomdabu ngesimo yinhlama itholwe eMpumalanga Ephakathi 3000 BC. Nensimbi steel, ngokusho kongoti, Kuvezwe ezindaweni ezimbalwa emhlabeni, abantu abahlukahlukene ukuthuthukisa le nqubo ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Nale yensimbi njengendlela material ngokwenza amathuluzi, ozingela impi esikhundleni itshe nezitsha zethusi.

Eyokuqala yensimbi yokukhiqiza inqubo okuthiwa syrodutnyh. Isiphetho sendaba sasiwukuthi ngase ukuzumeka egodini nsimbi ne namalahle, okuyinto baqhatha futhi uvalwe uphawu, kokushiya nishaye umgodi lapho umoya ohlanzekile ihlinzekwa ukuba kuqhuma. Phakathi Ukushisa ezinjalo, lokuncibilika yensimbi Yiqiniso, akukho okungalunga, etholwe mass othambile (yokuqhuma), owawungumnyaka slag (umlotha kusukela fuel, oxides we insimbi idwala).

Okulandelayo, okuholela yokuqhuma prokovyvali ekususeni slag nezinye usuke ezingadingekile ngokuphindaphindiwe, le nqubo isikhathi esiningi kwenziwa izikhathi eziningana, kuphumele isisindo ingqikithi ukusebenza sekugcineni ifinyelela okwesihlanu. Njengoba sekunezikhali isondo amanzi uvele kungenzeka ukunikezela semali emoyeni. Ngenxa enjalo dutyu yensimbi ukuncibilika kwaba lokushisa nefinyelelekayo, uvele metal ewuketshezi.

Lokhu metal kwaba yensimbi, okungasekelwe kokuzihlanganisa, kodwa iye yaqaphela ukuthi kuyisibusiso kahle igcwalisa ifomu. Lawa kwakungamadodana ucwaningo kuqala ku thusi lensimbi nabanye ngcono nezinguquko ifinyelele izinsuku zethu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wathola indlela kucutshungulwa yensimbi lube insimbi asetshenziweyo. Iron izingcezu ayethwala namalahle, kule nqubo, yensimbi sashintsha namachibi iphutha ukungcola, kuhlanganise i-carbon. I metal okuholela iba awugqinsi, izinga lokushisa yensimbi ukuncibilika anda, isb Kwatholakala bensimbi.

Ngakho, metallurgists wesikhathi bakwazi ukwabelana inqubo olulodwa zibe izigaba ezimbili. Le nqubo esinezinyathelo umqondo ezisekhona kuze kube kulesi sikhathi, izinguquko ukubukeka ukukhathalela okwengeziwe izinqubo ezenzeka e esigabeni sesibili. yensimbi Pure noma metal kokuba okuphothula isicelo ongaphakeme esisebenzayo has cishe awekho. Iphuzu ukuncibilika yensimbi kulombhalo yensimbi - carbon ungaphakathi iphuzu A, okuhambelana 1535 degrees.

I abilayo yensimbi kwenzeka uma ileveli 3200 degrees.

yensimbi Outdoor ekugcineni embozwe i ifilimu oxide, a nokugqwala pad livela endaweni zinomswakama. Iron kusukela yaqala futhi namuhla ingenye izinsimbi esemqoka. Sebenzisa yensimbi, ngokuyinhloko ngesimo Alloys, okuyizinto ezahlukene ukwakheka kanye izakhiwo.

Ngasiphi lokushisa liyancibilika yensimbi, kuye ngokuthi okuqukethwe carbon nezinye izingxenye ukwakheka ingxubevange. I kabanzi kunazo kukhona i-carbon Alloys - yensimbi nensimbi. Alloys equkethe kuka 2% carbon, ngokuthi yensimbi, ngaphansi kwama-2% kukhona steel. Sakaza insimbi etholwe kuqhuma amaziko, by remelting ore abasizakali ezikulesi simila Sinter.

Steel Incibilikile e eziko, futhi kagesi lokungeniswa amaziko, converters.

Njengoba icala osebenza Scrap kanye ingulube yensimbi. Ngu namachibi izinqubo, batch isuswe kanye ne-carbon ezingcolisa, futhi izithasiselo uvumele izinto alloying ukuthola oyifunayo steel grade. Ukuze steel nezinye Alloys usebenzisa yesimanje yokusansimbi ESR ubuchwepheshe, cleaner, electron ugongolo plasma ukuncibilika.

Lapho belungela ukuya khona kukhona izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izinsuku steel ukuncibilika, ukondla ezishintshayo inqubo nokunikeza eliphezulu metal.

kwenqubekela-phambili kwezesayensi kwafinyelela izinga lapho ungathola izinto ukujamelana cleaner futhi umfutho ophakeme, izinga lokushisa senhliziyo enkulu, endaweni enobudlova, kwemisebe, njll