Ngo-2012, imizamo Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM), i-Ucwaningo lwenziwe, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho baseRussia abangu ecelwa ukuba achaze lokho ovulekile. Abangaphezu kwesigamu ababambiqhaza kulolu vivinyo (noma, kunalokho, 56%) wayekuthola kunzima ngokuvula kwethemu. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi lesi simo ishintshile kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa, ngakho ake sibheke lokho izimiso ababethi liberalism futhi liyini ngempela lo mkhuba setepolitiki nefilosofi.
Ngubani ovulekile?
Nakubukwa jikelele kakhulu singasho ukuthi umuntu izimisele Umsunguli wale nhlangano, iyakwamukela futhi ihamba emazwini umqondo esilinganiselwe kokungenela uhulumeni e nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana. Ngesisekelo lesi simiso sisekelwe umnotho yangasese ebhizinisi, okuyinto yena, okuhlelwe ezimisweni emakethe. Iphendula umbuzo othi obani kuyinto nesandla esivulekile, ochwepheshe abaningi bathi nguye inkululeko yezombangazwe, siqu futhi kwezomnotho ubheka phambili kunayo emphilweni kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi. Ukuze abalandeli imibono evamile inkululeko amalungelo wonke umuntu kukhona isisekelo ezinye zomthetho lapho Ngokombono wabo, oda kwezomnotho nezokuhlalisana ukuba kwakhiwe. Manje cabanga ngubani Liberal Democrat. Lena umuntu, sivikele inkululeko, i owayephikisana authoritarianism. intando yeningi ekhululekile ngokubona ososayensi zezombusazwe Western - iyona ekahle ezazifunwa Emazweni amaningi athuthukile. Nokho, kule eside singaxoxa hhayi kuphela ngokuya ezombusazwe. Ngo incazelo yalo original leli zwi ngokuthi zonke Freethinkers futhi nabaseKirene. Ngezinye izikhathi inombolo zabo zashaywa futhi labo emphakathini wayethambekele ukuzitika ngokweqile.
Liberals yesimanje
Njengoba isimo sengqondo ezimele, kubhekwe ukunyakaza ngemibono kwavela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17. Isisekelo ukuthuthukiswa walo kwakunezilinganiso imisebenzi enjalo abalobi adumile njengo Lakho, John. Locke, u-Adam Smith noJohane. Mill. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ibhizinisi mahhala futhi okungezona ukuphazamiseka isimo empilweni yangasese nakanjani kuyoholela ukuchuma ngcono inhlalakahle yomphakathi. Nokho, kwacaca ukuthi, imodeli zasendulo liberalism akazange akhokhe off. Mahhala, engalawuleki yi nomncintiswano kazwelonke kuye kwaholela ukuvela monopolies, okuyinto ulele amanani. Ngo ezombusazwe, kwakukhona amaqembu anezimfuno ukuzifunela ukuxhaswa kombono. Konke lokhu kwenza kwangenzeka nganoma ukulingana kwezomthetho futhi kakhulu unciphise amathuba bonke labo abafisa ukwenza ibhizinisi. Eminyakeni 80-90. imibono ovulekile kwekhulu le-19 waqala ukuhlushwa crisis sina. Ngenxa yalokho ukusesha eside theory ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20-ke lakhiwe umqondo omusha, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-neo-liberalism noma liberalism nomphakathi. umsekeli waso khulumela Ukuvikelwa yomuntu kusukela imiphumela emibi nokuhlukumeza kohlelo emakethe. Ngo liberalism classical, isimo ubelokhu into ethile "ngobusuku umlindi". Liberals namuhla wavuma ukuthi kwakuyiphutha, futhi kufakwe noHlelo imibono enjengokuthi:
- elinganiselwe kokungenela uhulumeni e sphere yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho;
- ukulawula isimo phezu imisebenzi monopolies;
- iqhaza kwabo kwezombangazwe;
- isiqinisekiso eziningi amalungelo oluvela kuhulumeni (sokuguga inzuzo, ilungelo lokuthola imfundo, umsebenzi, njll);
- ukuvumelana enophephela nokulawula;
- ubulungiswa zezombusazwe (umbuso wentsandvo yelinyenti ekuthathweni kwezombusazwe).
Liberals Russian
Ezingxoxweni polytypic of Russian yesimanje lo mkhuba kubangela eziningi izingxabano. Kwamanye Liberals - a conformist, ukudlala kanye West, kodwa abanye - ikhambi engasindisa lizwe kusukela amandla aphelele isimo. ukuguquguquka okunjalo singeyona ingxenye encane ngenxa yokuthi eRussia ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningana zalesi yekuphila. The enhle kakhulu kulo bayizinkulungwane eziyisisekelo ovulekile (omele - Alexei Venediktov, umhleli oyinhloko we-esiteshini "Echo of eMoscow '), i-neo-liberalism (omele - Andrei Illarionov), liberalism yezenhlalakahle (iqembu" Yabloko ") futhi liberalism esemthethweni (i-Republican Party kanye neqembu Parnas).