Nini futhi kanjani ukuhlwanyela pepper on izithombo?

I-Pepper ingenye yezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bethu baseRussia. Izithelo zalesi sitshalo ziyamangalisa ukunambitheka kwazo okuyingqayizivele. Bacebile amavithamini namaminerali. I-Pepper isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-saladi amasha ne-ekheniwe, ahlanganiswe, afakwa esobho kanye ne-borsch. Ekunakekeleni, lesi siko esiphawulekayo asikwenzeki ikakhulukazi futhi siyamelana nezifo. Izimo ezinzima ezitshalweni eziqalayo zingakhula kuphela uma zikhula izithombo. Ubuchwepheshe bokuthola izitshalo ezinamandla efesiteleni kufana nezinto ezikhethekile. Khulisa imifino kancane kancane kunezinye izitshalo zasadini.

Lapho ukutshala i-pepper kwizithombo

Umlimi wesiqalo kufanele aqaphele ukuthi ekuqaleni kokukhula, i-pepper iqala kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukutshala imbewu yayo ekuseni ngokwanele. Ngaphambi kokuba uthwale izithombo zalesi sitshalo, kufanele sikhule emabhokisini okungenani izinsuku ezingu-70-90. Uma utamatisi nama-aubergini engxenyeni ephakathi kweRussia zihlwanyela ekupheleni kuka-Mashi, khona-ke i-pepper kufanele itshalwe ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ngo-20 th. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu yezwe, izithombo zingafakwa ekuqaleni - ekuqaleni kwenyanga.

Impendulo yombuzo, lapho uhlwanyela i-pepper ezitshalweni, kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo zalesi sitshalo. Ezinye izinhlobo zingahlwanyelwa ekuqaleni. Le pepper ayinandaba nokuntuleka kokukhanyisa. Kodwa ngaphambi kukaFebhuwari 15, ukutshala izithombo akukhuthazwa.

Okufanele ukwazi ngakho

Umbuzo wokuthi kufanele uhlwanyele kanjani i-pepper ezitshalweni futhi uwunake ngendlela efanele uncishiswe ekunameni okuphoqelekile kwezinye izincomo ezibalulekile ekutshalweni kwalesi sitshalo ekuqaleni kwezinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa. Izitshalo ezinamandla, ezinempilo, ezitholayo ezingabhokisini zingatholakala kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukugcinwa kwesimiso sokushisa esifanele. Ukupholisa ukupholisa noma ukuphefumula kwezitshalo akuvunyelwe kunoma yikuphi. Uma kungenjalo, uhlanga lwe-pepper lukhuni futhi luyeke ukukhula ngobuningi. Lokhu kuzothinta kakhulu izitshalo. Akufanele uvumele izinga lokushisa liwe phansi ngezansi +13 degrees. Kungenjalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombo kuzomisa.
• Ukuqaphelisisa lapho ukhetha. Izimpande ze-pepper zibuthakathaka futhi ziphukile kalula. Ukujulisa lapho kuthwalwa izinkomishi ezinqoleni, njengezithombo zenye izitshalo, akunakwenzeka. Lesi sitshalo sizwela kakhulu empandeni yokubola. I-pepper ejulile igula futhi iqala ukuguga emva kokukhula.
• Ukufafaza kwamahlumela kufanele kube okulinganayo. I-Pepper ayibekezelelisi ukomisa futhi kubuhlungu buyela ekukhuphukeni.

Okokuthi, ukulima ngokuphumelelayo kwezithombo zalesi sitshalo, umuntu kufanele nje anikeze izitshalo ngezimo ezifanayo ngaphandle kokushintsha okungazelelwe nokucindezeleka.

Izinketho ezihlukahlukene

Yiqiniso, umlimi wezamasimu oqalayo akumele awazi kuphela ukuhlwanyela pepper ezitshalweni, kodwa yikuphi uhlobo lokukhetha okungcono kulokhu noma kunjalo. Ezweni lakithi, singakhula kokubili izinhlobonhlobo zakudala zalesi siko, okuhloswe ngazo ama-saladi nokugaya, kanye nokuqala nokuphumula. Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabanikazi basekhaya be-dacha yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• I-Atlant. Lezi zipelepele eziphakathi, okuhloswe ukuba zikhule zombili ezindaweni ezivulekile nasezikhungweni zokugcina izithombo.
• I-Early-throated Thick Baron enezithelo ezinhle kakhulu. Inkathi ekhulayo yalezi zihlukahlukene isifushane. Ngakho-ke, akudingekile ukuhlwanyela ngoFebhuwari. Ungatshala izithombo, ngisho nasekuqaleni kuka-Mashi.
• Eskimo F1. Pepper kakhulu kakhulu ngehlathi elikhulu kanye nezindonga ezincane zezithelo.
• Inkanyezi yempumalanga igolide ye-F1 - i-hybrid yokuqala enothile kakhulu.
• U-Isabella F1 iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yokuvuthwa enesihlahla esinamandla kakhulu nesicwebezelayo.

Izinhlobo ze-pepper ezinjenge-late, njenge-Night F1, i-Paris F1 nabanye, zivame ukukhula kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu zezwe, okungukuthi, lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele singenani kuze kube phakathi kwekwindla.

Ukukhethwa kwembewu

Ngombuzo, lapho ukutshala i-pepper ezitshalweni nokuthi yiliphi ibanga lokukhetha, sesikucabangile. Okulandelayo, ake sikhulume mayelana nendlela yokulungisa kahle indaba yokutshala yalesi siko. Yiqiniso, imbewu yepelepele kufanele ikhethwe kuqala. Izinto zokutshala ezithengwa esitolo ngokuvamile ziyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu - cishe zonke imbewu ezivela emagqabeni zikhula. Uma beqoqwe ekwindla ngokwabo, ukuhlunga kufanele kwenziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uthele ingilazi ye-ingilazi ye-4% yetafula ejwayelekile itafula bese uphonsa imbewu kuyo amahora ambalwa. Izimbewu ezingenalutho, ezingenjalo-nje zihamba kancane. Kudingeka ukuthi iqoqwe futhi ilahlwe. Imbewu enzima ngemibungu izogoba phansi kweglasi. Zithathwe futhi zomiswe ngendwangu encane ehlanzekile.

Yeka indlela efanele ukuqoqa imbewu yepelepele

Le nqubo, njengokutshala imbewu ye-pepper yezithombo, iyophumelela kangcono uma kwenzeka ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinhlamvu ngefungicides. Ukuqubuka kuzovimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane nezifo. Ukuze kusetshenzwe, imbewu ekhethiwe ye-pepper ifakwa esikhwameni se-gauze. Khona-ke isisombululo se-fungicide sithelelwa embizeni. Kungaba, isibonelo, i- "Fitosporin-M", "Maxim", "Vitaros", njll. Ukuqubula kwenziwa ngokulandela imiyalelo ehlanganiswe nomuthi. Ngeke futhi uchithe imali ebiza kakhulu futhi uphathe imbewu ngokuxazulula isixazululo se-potassium permanganate isigamu sehora.

Ngemva kokukhethwa, indaba yokutshala kufanele ihlanjululwe ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuyisusa esikhwameni.

Ukuvuselela ukukhula

Uma uhlwanyela pepper ezitsheni, manje uyazi. Kungcono ukukwenza ngoFebhuwari. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno sokuqala ngisho nangesikhathi sokutshala kamuva. Uma, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, ukulimala kwenziwe ngokulibaziseka, imbewu kufanele ilandelwe ngokukhushulwa kokukhula. Ukuze izitshalo zithuthuke kahle esikhathini esizayo, kungenzeka ukwazi ukugcoba izinto zokutshala, isibonelo, e-Epin (ngehora lesi-12). Uma le mithi ingekho, ungayifaka esikhundleni sayo ngesisombululo sokhuni lomuthi. Iqukethe ama-micronutrients amaningi awusizo ngopelepele. Ukulungiselela emgodini we-litre ngamanzi afudumele wengeze u-2 g womlotha bese ubeka isisombululo esiphezulu emahoreni angu-24. Imbewu ifakwe kuwo amahora amathathu.

Ukuhluma ku gauze

Ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi onjengokutshala imbewu ye-pepper ezitshalweni, lezi zitshalo kufanele zihlume, ngoba lesi siko sikhula kancane kancane ekuqaleni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, endaweni efudumele yabeka ishidi leplywood futhi ulimboze ngendwangu epholile, emanzini ahlwanyelwe amanzi. Imbewu ephezulu ye-pepper. Ngokulandelayo, bafaka i-flap yesibili emanzini. Phakathi nezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ezilandelayo, qinisekisa ukuthi indwangu ayimile. Ngemuva kwesonto, imbewu izovela imbewu. Zonke izenzo ezengeziwe nokunye okutshalwe kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela efanele. Amahlumela wezinhlamvu anethenda kakhulu futhi kulula ukuwaphula.

Ngemuva kokuhluma, inqubo enjengokulungiselela imbewu ye-pepper yezithombo, ingathathwa njengephelele. Esigabeni esilandelayo baqala ukufika.

Ukulungiselela Umhlaba

Yiqiniso, kuphela kuphela okunomsoco futhi kule ndawo ehlabayo ingakhula izihluthulelo ezinamandla zepelepele. Izithombe zezitshalo ezithuthukile ezitholakala ngokusebenzisa inhlabathi efanelekayo, ungabona kuleli khasi. Ngenkathi imbewu yepelepele ihluma, kungenzeka ukuba uhlanganyele ekulungiseleleni amabhokisi ngaphansi kwazo. Amathangi ngaphambi kokugcwalisa inhlabathi kufanele aphathwe ngokucophelela ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Ingxube yomhlabathi ingathengwa esitolo. Kudingeka ukuthenga umhlaba ohloswe ngokukhethekile. Kuyoba kuhle ukwengeza isihlabathi esithile (izingxenye ezingu-0.5 kuya ezingxenyeni ezintathu zenhlabathi). Uma ufisa, ungakulungisa ngokwakho inhlabathi.

Imbewu enhle ye-pepper ingahlwanyelwa emhlabathini wokubunjwa okulandelayo: izingxenye ezintathu ze-humus noma indawo engadini yamafutha, izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat kanye nengxenye yesihlabathi. Zonke izithako zilungiswa kahle kusukela ekuwa, zigcwalisa izikhwama.

Umbuzo wokuthi ungakhula kanjani imbewu enhle ye-pepper incishiswe ekusetshenzisweni okulungile kwenhlabathi ephelele. Inhlanganisela yomhlabathi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuyadingeka ukuba iqhume emotweni kabili noma ichithe isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate ukususa ukutheleleka. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza lolu hlelo ngenhlabathi ethengiwe. Abanye abakhiqizi abakhiqiza inhlanganisela enhle yehlabathi yomhlabathi, abanesifo samagciwane ahlukahlukene kanye nama-bacteria.

Emabhokisini ngokwabo kumele kube yizimbobo zamanzi. Faka iziqukathi endaweni efudumele ebumnyameni kuma-pallets. Umhlabathi uhlanganiswe ngendlela yokuthi ibanga elingenqenqemeni lamacala ebhokisi elivela phezulu lilinganiselwa ku-2 cm.

Ukutshala imbewu

Ngakho, kanjani ukuhlwanyela pepper on izithombo ngokunembile? Ake sibheke lokhu ngokuningiliziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kubalulekile ukulungiselela izingcezu ze-polyethylene noma ingilazi. Ziyadingeka ukuvimbela ukoma komhlabathi ngaphambi kokuvela kwepelepele. I-plywood nembewu ehlumekile ifakwe eceleni kwamabhokisi. Ukufika kulungile kakhulu. Thatha imbewu enhle ngokuzikhandla. Beka ebusweni bomhlabathi hhayi njalo. Ibanga eliphakathi kwembewu kufanele libe okungenani u-2 cm. I-pepper ayithandi i-shading ne-thickening.

Ngemuva kokuthi yonke imbewu idilizwe, ifafazwe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi engaba ngu-1.5 cm obukhulu. Okulandelayo, i-pepper ehlwanyelwe ithuthwe kahle ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa kusuka esitsheni se-spray. Amabhokisi ahlanganiswe ngilazi noma i-polyethylene. Esikhathini esizayo, kuzodingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi ayimile.

Ukuqaphela konke ubuchwepheshe obuchazwe ngenhla kuyimpendulo enhle embuzweni wokuthi kufanele utshale kanjani izithombo ze-pepper. Kuningi kakhulu ukujula izitshalo akufanele. Kukhona i-pepper ezayo futhi isikhathi eside ngokwanele - amabili, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amasonto amathathu.

Ukuvela kwamahlumela

Lapho nje izingodo zibonakala ngaphezu komhlaba, amabhokisi kufanele ahlelwe kabusha kumafasitela efasitela. Kusukela ngosuku lokukhanya ngoFebruwari-ekuqaleni koMashi kusengaphansi kakhulu, kuhleleka ukuhlela ukukhanya okungeziwe kopele. Izibani ezidingekayo ekuqaleni kwezinqubo ze-photosynthesis spectrum ukuthola esikhathini sethu akulona nzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi le mishini ayibiza kakhulu. Yiqiniso, ingilazi noma ifilimu emabhokisini kufanele isuswe.

Ukunisela ummbila omncane wepelepele kukhishwa ekuseni ngamanzi ompompi, okuhlala njalo phakathi nosuku.

Diving

Kungcono ukuthatha izitshalo ezikhulile ngezitsha zepulasitiki. Zingahlwanyelwa kakhulu futhi ziphilile izipelepele. Isikhathi sokuqoqa sinqunywa izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo. Ukukhiqiza ukufakelwa emva kwamakhasi ama-papilla amabili avela ku-pepper. Ngezibuko, izitshalo zizokwenza inhlabathi ibe ngcono kangcono kunamabhokisi.

Yenza okukhethwa kukho kanje:

• Usuku ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, izithombo ebhokisini zithululwa kahle.
• Izitshalo zikhonjiwe ngomunwe bese zithathwe, zixhaswe ngobumnene ngemuva kwamagqabi amaqabunga, futhi zingekho ngemuva kwesiqu esincane.
• Ezingxenyeni ezigcwele izingxube zenhlabathi zokubunjwa okufanayo njengamabhokisi, ngaphambili zenza izimbobo zalesi sikwele ukuze izimpande ze-pepper zingaphenduli.
• Isitshalo etshalwe emgodini ofafazwe inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, ukuwufaka uphawu kancane. Uma wenza le nqubo, kufanele uthathe ukunakekelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amapropele awagcwaliswanga emhlabathini ngaphezu kwentamo yentambo (kunoma yikuphi, hhayi ngaphezu kuka-0.5 cm).
• Izitshalo ezitshalisiwe ziphuziswa.
• Amalazi afakwe eduze kwamafasitela, adinga ukuthunjwa. Ngemuva kokuthi i-pepper ithathwe, idluliselwa eduze kokukhanya.

Ungasusa impande esemqoka kupelepele, kodwa hhayi ngempela. Ezinye izazi ze-agronomists zikholelwa ukuthi inqubo enjalo ingakwazi ukulimaza kakhulu esitshalweni kunokuhle. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukulethwa kwezakhi zomzimba kupelepele, njengamanye amasiko amaningi, kuyisisekelo esiyisisekelo esiyinhloko. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezinqubo ze-lateral zezinzuzo ezikhethekile ezitshalweni ngeke zilethe.

Ungadla kanjani?

Emva kwezinyanga ezimbili, imbewu ye-pepper (izithombe zezitshalo ezikhulile ongabona ngezansi) uphinde usebenzise kabusha inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, kufanele uqale ukuphakela. Ngesikhathi sokuqala umanyolo ungeniswa ngemuva kwesikhashana ngemuva kokusebenza kokukhethwa. Kwesibili - ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa.

Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-podkormok for pepper yizingxube zamanzi ezinomqondo ophezulu we-potassium (isibonelo, i- "Rastvorin" noma "Utamatisi we-Senor"). Ungaphinda ukhule izitshalo ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka somlotha noma i-tincture yenkukhu yenkukhu ihlanjululwe emanzini ngokwesilinganiso esingaphansi kwesinye kuya kweshumi nanhlanu.

Ukuthengiswa kwezitshalo

Ukuqothula ama-pepper kuqala kancane kancane kunezinye izitshalo zasadini. Lezi zitshalo zikhula, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ngezigaba zokuqala kancane kancane. Ngemuva kokuthi utamatisi nama-aubergini afakwe emgodini noma adluliselwe ku-dacha, izithombo ze-pepper zingathululelwa ezigayeni noma emabhodini amaningi. Yenza le nqubo ngokucophelela, uzama ukulimaza futhi ungapheli izimpande. Thatha i-pepper ezigumbini kuphela nge-clod yomhlaba.

Isikhathi sokufika emhlabathini ovulekile

Ngalokho, lapho ukuhlwanyela i-pepper ezitshalweni, sesikuqonde. Emhlabathini, udluliselwa cishe izinsuku ezingu-70-90 emva kokutshala emabhokisini. Inhlabathi engadini kumele ifudumele okungenani +15 degrees. Ngokuvamile ukufakelwa kwenziwa kusukela ngoMeyi 10 kuya kuJuni 25. Kulezi zitshalo ngalesi sikhathi kufanele kube khona kakade amaqabunga angaba ngu-10, kanye namahlumela ambalwa angafundiwe. Akunakwenzeka ukulibazisa ukutshala kwalesi sitshalo. I-pepper eline-blanchi ibuhlungu nakakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga aphefumulayo angamiswa. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuzothinta isivuno.

Njengazo zonke izitshalo ze-nightshade, i-pepper ayikubekezeli ukukhanda kahle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, phezu kwemibhede, kubalulekile ukufaka ama-arcs kusuka ku-wire thick or polypropylene amaphepha amancane nokuqinisa ifreyimu ephumayo ngenye impahla engeke yenziwe.

Indlela yokutshala kahle izithombo ze-pepper emhlabathini

Usuku ngaphambi kokudluliselwa, izitshalo zichithelwa ngokucophelela. Imibhede ilungele endaweni enelanga elungile, evikelwe emimoya eqinile. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kuzothinta isitshalo. Umoya oqinile uyoba "uhlanganise" futhi unciphise izitshalo.

Lapho sibhekana nombuzo wokuthi kufanele sihlwanyele kanjani i-pepper ngokufanele, sitshele ukuthi lesi sitshalo siphumelele emhlabathini ovulekile. Inhlabathi enamandla, okwamanje, ayibekezelelwanga nje kuphela ngezinhlanzi ezincane, kodwa nangabantu abadala.

Uma kungekho isakhiwo ngenhlabathi evundile evundile ensimini, inhlabathi kumele ithuthukiswe ngokungeza ama-humus, peat nesihlabathi. Njengomanyolo, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise umlotha (1 into ngayinye nge-1 m2), i-superphosphate ne- potassium sulfate (isipuni esingu-1 ngemitha engu-1), kanye ne-urea (1 tsp ngemitha engu-1).

Izwe elilahliwe ngemibhede ngaphansi kwepelepele ku-spray bay. Ubuso bomhlaba kufanele bubekwe ngokucophelela. Izibhamu ezinkulu ziphulwa ngama-rakes, amatshe avela embhedeni asusiwe.

Ubukhulu yilokho umquba we-pepper awubekezeli. Isikhathi sokutshala salesi sitshalo sekwephuzile ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJune. Hlela i-pepper embhedeni emigqeni ebangeni elingekho ngaphansi kuka-50 cm komunye nomunye. Ububanzi bemigqa kufanele bube ngu-60 cm. Isitshalo sisuswa ngokucophelela esibukweni kanye ne-clod yomhlaba, sibeke endaweni ukuze intamo impande ihlale phansi, igcwalise umgodi phakathi kwenhlabathi enomanzi. Thela inhlabathi eyomile.

Ngemuva kokuthi wonke upelepele utshalwe, umbhede wensimu uhambelana ne-sawdust noma utshani obomile. Bese ukhiqiza ukuchelela okuningi.

Ukungena endlini yokushisa

izitshalo endlini abatshalwé mayelana efanayo endaweni evulekile. Ziyahlukahluka kuye kuphela ngokuya zokuthutha. Uma abamba ukushisa ukufuthelana, basibeka amabhokisi kungaba phakathi entwasahlobo. Ngemva ukujwayeza simila ukuthuthela endaweni ehlala njalo. Izithombo of pepper kule abamba ukushisa kumele avundiswa kahle. Kuhle ngaphambi zokutshala ngikhale phansi isixazululo, kuphekwe inkukhu udoti (200 amagremu ibhakede lamanzi ngalunye ngesikhathi 1.5 amalitha isitshalo ngasinye).

Ngakho, thina zidingidwa ngokuningiliziwe kanjani futhi nini ukutshala pepper izithombo. Lokhu isiko akuyona ezingezwakali ikakhulukazi, nokunakekela kwakhe ilula. Nokho, ukugcina izinhlinzeko zoMthetho ubuchwepheshe kufanele kulinywe yayo. Ikakhulukazi, wena kufanele uqaphe nge Swordplay, abaphatha futhi aphethe umqondo ekhanyayo. Omningi bangcwabe isitshalo futhi kuvimbele ukulimala izimpande abakwazi.