Niobium band: ukukhiqizwa, izakhiwo, izicelo

Niobium - elementi ikhemikhali idijithi kanambambili 41. Elaqala ukutholwa ngasekuqaleni XIX leminyaka, kodwa ukuqashelwa yayo lihlehliselwe iminyaka engu-150. Kuphela ngo-1950, i-cell yangasese ishadi lesikhathi kwabelwe isinqumo we-International Union of Applied futhi theory Chemistry athomu. Ukusebenzisa Umbuso njengoba isici kule mboni, esenziwe isiqeshana of niobium. Ngu uqobo, awusebenzi ifa lutho esiyingqayizivele. It kudalulwe amandla ayo ogcwele uma udala Alloys, izixazululo noma ezinye izingoma.

isizinda niobium

Niobium ore nokunonophala - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kuyabiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe kwenye tonne edwaleni ingeqi 24 amagremu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-elementi ngenxa efanayo amakhemikhali izakhiwo zinzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa kusuka tantalum.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezitholakala kuphela ngesimo iyona - kwamadwala igneous kanye amakristalu, kanye ingxenye ezinye namaminerali - pyrochlore loparite, columbite-tantalite. Lo msuka kohlelo gqwa akhishwa ziqhamuka zezakhi samanje. ukukhiqizwa niobium unezigaba ezintathu:

1. rocks Autopsy nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu niobium izinto.
2. Yegatsha niobium tantalum, ukulungiselela compounds okumsulwa.
3. Yokutakula futhi ukuhlanzwa insimbi Alloys yayo kusukela ukungcola.

Ngesisekelo umjikelezo ukukhiqiza up ephezulu lokushisa izinqubo ezishisayo usebenzisa aluminium, i-sodium noma ye-carbon. Ngokushesha ukuhlubula niobium powder okulungiselelwe ngokucindezela, sintering powder "cubes" e vacuo, futhi i-electron-ugongolo arc ukuncibilika.

izakhiwo awusizo

Ngenxa izici zayo esivelele niobium isetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi. Ukuze lula ukusebenza kwalesi sakhi eyisisekelo ku-formula ukwakheka, wenza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene iphuma, kuhlanganise niobium strip. The main isithako kulokhu niobium Carbide, ukuthi inomphumela ezuzisayo phezu izakhiwo mechanical izinto. Ukuze doping ithani elilodwa lensimbi ngayinye idinga 200 kuphela amagremu niobium. Ingxubevange okuholela has ubulukhuni okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ductility, friability ongaphakeme, kangcono ukugqwala ukumelana. I element esetshenziselwa izinsimbi zokuzivikela futhi non-ayoni, ikakhulukazi aluminium, kusukela alkalis futhi acid.

Ukusetshenziswa niobium

Niobium strip iningi esetshenziswa njengendlela dopant ukudala kokubili Alloys kusukela izinsimbi ayoni futhi ayoni. Izinhlelo eziyinhloko rocket niobium, umsakazo kanye unjiniyela wama-electronic, amakhemikhali ukwakhiwa apharathasi, aeronautical nobunjiniyela astronautical.

Isicelo metallic noma niobium okumsulwa ngenxa yenani lwezici zalo ezuzisayo. Phakathi kwabo uqokomisa refractoriness, ukumelana ukugqwala, nekhono ukwandisa ukumelana ukushisa ngezinto zokwakha kanye umthamo wabo conductive.

izinga abahlukile, okuyinto has a strip niobium kuyinto cishe zero nokuxhumana IKhompyuthaYami ka-uranium ezingeni lokushisa kuze kufinyelele 1100 degrees Celsius. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-athomu has radioactivity ongaphakeme yokufakelwa. Konke lokhu kwenza kube efanelekayo ukuze kuvikeleke Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi, kanye iziqukathi isitoreji wachitha fuel enemisebe.

Ukukhiqizwa niobium

Of niobium imikhiqizo metal ngokuyinhloko ukuhlangabezana nezidingo embonini zenuzi. Kube ulwelwesi uzilungiselele therefrom ngoba uranium futhi plutonium teplovyvodyaschih izakhi, iziqukathi ukugcina izinsimbi ketshezi, kwemfucumfucu enemisebe yenuzi. Imikhiqizo ezenziwe niobium isetshenziselwe ukudala esindayo duty Computing. Ngalo, ukunciphisa ukumelana babashayeli, kanjalo ukuthola cryotrons - izakhi sverhvysokoprovodyaschie ikhompyutha. E-Austria, isiliva niobium ingxubevange esetshenziselwa minting zemali ngalendoda.