Su-35 Isici. I Su-35: Imininingwane, fighter isithombe. izici ngokuqhathanisa we Su-35 futhi F-22

Ngo-2003, i-Sukhoi Design Bureau usethule esigabeni sesibili yesikhathi sesimanje of Su-27 fighter aircraft ukudala Su-35. Izimfanelo lokuzuziwe inqubo yesikhathi sesimanje, kukuvumela ukuyibiza 4 ++ isizukulwane fighter, okusho esiphezulu isilinganiselo amakhono ukuze indiza isizukulwane lesihlanu PAK FA.

umklamo wengemuva

In the 1980 zakuqala, kuyilapho Su-27 kuphela yingcweti yiSoviet Lasemoyeni, umklami yayo jikelele Pavel Sukhoi uye kuhlelwe ukuthuthukisa inguqulo yesimanje. Ekuqaleni eyabizwa ngokuthi Su-27M, ke kwaba ifakwe Avionics yathuthuka kakhulu, okwakunginika nesizathu sokucabanga kwakhe fighter engcono ngaleso sikhathi. Kwathiwa ifakwe ezihlukahlukene izikhali nolunzima, lapho wavumela Su-27M (cm. Esikhathini isithombe ngezansi) ukwenza imisebenzi futhi anqobe phansi amatshe.

Inguqulo olwesimanje elinesimo sebuningini izinguquko ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya, Avionics, ukwakhiwa izitshalo amandla, futhi baba namandla athe xaxa okwengamela. High-amandla esiyinhlanganisela izinto kanye ne-aluminium-lithium Alloys ziye zasetshenziswa ukunciphisa isisindo futhi ukwandisa fuel Reserve.

I Su-27M kwaba ifakwe injini jet nge wagxila 125 kN, namandla ngaphezu Su-27. Uhlelo yesikhathi sesimanje we Su-27 yakhethwa 'Su-35BM ", lapho izinhlamvu lalisho ukuthi" yokuthuthukisa enkulu ". wenza okuningi esikhathini sihlanganisa izindiza yesimanje kanye Su-35, izici okuyinto kakhulu idlule prototype yayo sokuqala Su-27M.

sesimanje okwengeziwe

iphrojekthi ukukhiqizwa fighter wethulwa 2003 sokuvala igebe phakathi version yesimanje we Su-27M kanye Su-30MK ukulwa imoto kanye sesihlanu PAK FA. Inhloso project kwaba sesimanje we airframe we Su-27 (kungakho ngezigaba zawo njengoba 4 ++ isizukulwane fighter) yesibili, ukuze izici Su-35 kwakulingana ezingeni ukusebenza PAK FA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indiza bekumele kube esikhundleni ozala Su-30 omkhiqizo othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-izindiza kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-2007, lapho kwaba itholakale ukudayiselwa. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, Sukhoi Design Bureau watshelwa ukuthi uhlelo ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane Su-35 wethulwa ngenxa yokukhathazeka ukuthi iphrojekthi PAK FA singase sibhekane ukushoda ngezimali.

Ukubuyekeza umsila ovundlile

Izici Zabantu Su-35 ngokuya airframe zawo zihlanganisa umehluko eziningi kusukela Su-27M, nakuba okukha phezulu indiza azigcina ifana esinamandla sokuba esasisandulele.

Omunye timphawu letehlukene we airframe Su-27M has sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza ukwakhiwa kohlelo ilawula uhlobo "duck", okuvumela ukuthi indiza bahlasele engela esiphezulu zokuhlasela 120 °. Kulesi uhlelo ovundlile umsila indiza - stabilizers zommbila - itholakala phambi phakathi emaphikweni awo.

Nokho, leli lungiselelo, indiza umsila ovundlile kubonakala ebusweni isignali radar etholwe kunangendlela kule scheme ezivamile ngemva kwamaphiko. Lokhu kusiza ukuthola indiza. Ngakho-ke, radars yesimanje ezindiza avulekile (F-22 Raptor, PAK FA futhi Su-35) kufanele ilungiselelo yendabuko umsila ovundlile - ngemuva amaphiko. Ukuze alondoloze izinzuzo ukusetshenziswa canards, bona kanye izimpaphe eyinhloko amaphiko zisekhona ngemuva waphendukela izigaba Sag emaphikweni.

Yini entsha iye okwalethwa lolushintsho ukubonakala Su-35? Izimpawu (isithombe ngezansi likhombisa umehluko yendlela ebukeka ngayo kusukela Su-27M) wazibonakalisa fighter aircraft eduze isizukulwane 5th, ngaphandle kodwa okukhulu radar yayo isignesha futhi akukho radar asebenzayo sisemoyeni.

Okunye ukuthuthuka airframe

Isici SU-35 ngokuya unyathela amabhuleki alo indlela ihlukile Su-27M airbrake ukungabi (iphaneli). SU-35 okusithiyayo indlela olugxile yokuthi umkhumbi walo ngokufanele ezingxenyeni ezingemuva amaphiko amabili mpo uma boarding baphambukile bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, nokuthi kudala amandla retarding. Okunye ukuthuthuka sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza zibandakanya ukunciphisa ukuphakama isimame mpo, a ezincane protrusion kombhede bese enamathela yayo conductive is camera kufihla ngu irradiating radar izindiza.

Ukuqinisa airframe ukuqina kufezwa ngokusebenzisa bekholelwa titanium Alloys, futhi lokho kwenza ukuphila layo cishe engu-30 umsebenzi at ephakeme ukusuka esiphezulu isisindo amathani 34,5. Yangaphakathi fuel umthamo ukuthi landa ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-20% kuya ku-amathani 11.5 futhi kungenziwa bayovuswa ukuze 14.5 amathani ngenxa amathangi ezengeziwe.

Avionics Okuthuthukisiwe

Sukhoi uye wenza konke angakwenza ukuze izici Su-35 ngokuya Avionics isanda kakhulu. I umsebenzi wonke amayunithi kanye namadivayisi izindiza uphatha uhlelo kolwazi, ifakwe ezimbili ku-ibhodi amakhompyutha. Iqoqa futhi liwenzele idatha kusuka ezihlukahlukene Tactical futhi indiza nokulawula izinhlelo inikeza ulwazi olufanele ukuze umshayeli nge ezimbili eziyinhloko multifunction isibonisi (MFD), okuyinto kanye ezintathu abanikeze asebenza nabo yesibili MFD ifomu ingilazi. Indiza has a lot of ezinye izibuyekezo Avionics yayo futhi izinhlaba, kuhlanganise engenantambo digital ukulawula indiza uhlelo, futhi umshayeli inikezwe uma ligqoke isigqoko-agibele amahhashi Imininingwane kwesikrini futhi embonweni wasebusuku amagogolo.

Radar futhi uhlelo sokukhomba

Kulesi ingxenye sici Su-35 kuhlanganisa khona radar "Irbis" yokwenziwa ikhishiwe afanayo antenna, okuyinto ebalulekile uhlelo lokulawula umlilo indiza. Radar kungathola zasemoyeni target ndawo Q3. m at ibanga km 400 futhi anganikeza sokukhomba 30 emoyeni amatshe, phila abayisishiyagalombili.

I-radar uyakwazi ukudlala kanye ibalazwe lomhlaba, usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izindlela, kuhlanganise beso zamagama imodi. Radar "Irbis" is kwahambisana by the optronic sextant uhlelo olusebenzisa ukusebenza laser rangefinder, izinjongo TV, umtshina infrared.

Aircraft kwezikhali

Yini izikhali okuthwala fighter Su-35? Imininingwane kwezikhali yayo izinhlelo ezihilela ukusetshenziswa sebuningini missile-hlobo "umoya-to-air" eduze zebanga kude, ukunemba nokuthola izikhali unguided zezinhlobo "emoyeni i-phansi", ehlanganisa ezicitshwayo, amabhomu kanye ukuqhuma azungeze amabhomu ezivamile. Umkhawulo ewusizo umthwalo Gun - amathani 8, okuyinto angadluliselwa nane hardpoints. Fighter angasebenzisa izikhali ezijikijelwayo ezivuthayo lahlukene km 300.

fighter izinjini

SU-35 nge pair of jet izinjini, vector saliphosa esiyinyama esilawulwa indiza efanayo. Lokhu injini inguqulo lula ngamandla ezifana "Saturn-117" isizukulwane lesihlanu fighter PAK FA. iphuzu zayo balinganiselwa ku 145 kN, 20 kN aminingi ukudlula Su-27M. Anakho esaphila amahora 4000. Ipheya izinjini izindiza unekhono ukulawula nomphumela saliphosa vector. Ngamunye iphuzu zithwala umlomo wombhobho has Ukujikeleza yayo-eksisi athambekele ekusebenziseni indiza mpo. Ngakho ukuphambuka ngayinye umlomo wombhobho wagxila Vector kungenziwa emelelwa ngenxa kuka umlomo wombhobho ohlangothini phansi-izibilini phezulu-phandle. Uma bobabili Imibhobho esemzimbeni Vector wagxila baphambukile synchronously ukulawula isikhundla indiza kuphela engela iphimbo, kodwa ehlukene ukuphambuka zithwala ukwelula Imibhobho esemzimbeni zingalawulwa futhi engele of yaw kanye roll. Lokhu uhlelo lokulawula nayo eyenziwa walilwela PAK-FA.

Engine ivumela SU 35 ukufinyelela engaguquki isivinini leSupersonic ngaphandle afterburner. Nge-radio iyavuleka enamathela lisetshenziswa injini izingxenye ukunciphisa isignali radar kubonakala kusukela izindiza.

izici ngokuqhathanisa we Su-35 futhi F-22

Kuze kube manje, emhlabeni athathwe kuphela enkonzweni fighter 5 th sizukulwane US F-22 Raptor. Njengoba yaziwa, lo "Stealth" ubuchwepheshe ukusebenza ngo nomklamo walo futhi inikeza radar esilayidi izindiza, isekelwe ezimisweni ezimbili:

• azidlulisele airframe eziklanyelwe ukuma beJiyomethri lokho ihlinzeka isignali radar lokubonakala okuhlukile ukuze isiqondiso salo sokufika;
• kusakazeka (ukumuncwa) amandla isignali radar e izinto akha ebusweni indiza ngenjongo attenuation ezingeni yokuthi ukuthola isignali kubonakala kuba akunakwenzeka.

Ngokusho idatha American okubonisa ikhono F-22 fighter okulingana ibhola igalofu, ngokuvumelana idatha Russian, kuba 0.3-0.4 m ^2. Ukuze uqhathanise, a MIG-29 kuba okulingana nama-5 m ^2, kanye Su-27 - 12 m ^2. Ingabe kungenzeka, okungenani ngokwengxenye, ukufeza imigomo yokwenza umsebenzi "Raptor" phezu Su-35? Izici (eziqhathanisa F-22 ngezansi) izindiza Russian asivumela ukuba baveze ukuba nethemba lokuhle baqaphe kule ndaba.

onjiniyela Russian nososayensi baye basungula zokwakha kanye namasu ukuthi kakhulu ukunciphisa reflectivity we Su-35. ososayensi Russian ngikudalile amathuluzi zezibalo ukubala kusakazeka amagagasi kagesi imizimba ukumisa eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezifana Su-35, breaking wabayisa ubuso ezincane futhi ngokungeza imiphumela ngamagagasi onqenqemeni kanye ebusweni imisinga. Antenna kuthiwa abalingisa eceleni bese ukungezwa lonke imodeli ukubala.

iyavuleka impahla umsakazo omusha, olwaluhlanganisa izinjini izindiza yasungulwa. It akuvimbeli Uqweqwe izinhlelo umsebenzi zingamelana ngesivinini komoya kanye lokushisa 200 ° C. Radio iyavuleka ungqimba 0.7-1.4 mm obukhulu lisetshenziswa ebusweni izinjini kanye phambili esigabeni low-ingcindezi compressor usebenzisa kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi spray uhlelo.

I Su-35 nakho kusetshenzwe kombhede ebonisa amagagasi radar, ukunciphisa igalelo tube isithombe intensifier ezakhini eziyinhloko cab metal. ubuchwepheshe Russian yasungulwa ngumuntu inqubo plasma sebethule kushintshana zamatshe zensimbi Plastics. Ngale ndlela enamathela idaliwe, okuyinto amabhlogo amagagasi kagesi wamandla omsakazo womoya, olumelana ngokuhlaziya futhi akusho alibale ukushisa kwelanga esikhathini gumbi.

Yiqiniso, zonke lezi imisebenzi kuphela zazikuphi izici Su-35 ukuze amakhono Raptor F-22, kodwa ungenzi kubo ezifanayo. Lokhu silinganiso (futhi mhlawumbe ngisho bokuphakama) kuzokwenziwa ngemuva ukwamukela fighter Russian isizukulwane 5th PAK FA.

Njengoba for nye izici indiza, ukuqhathanisa kwabo SU-35 futhi F-22 kunikeza isithombe esilandelayo. indiza Russian by amamitha amane ubude (21.9 m vs. 18.9 m) futhi cishe elilodwa ngenhla (5.9 m v. 5,09 m) namaphiko American ngaphezulu (14.75 m vs. 13.6 m). Sisindvo Su-35 (blank) cishe ulingana nenqwaba F-22 (kg 19 500 kuya ku-19 700 amakhilogremu), kodwa mass esikhulu "American" amathani amabili nesigamu ngaphezulu (34 500 kg 38 000 amakhilogremu). I ngesivinini esiphezulu kokubili izindiza cishe okufanayo - mayelana 2400-2500 km / h, kanye izandla-on ephakamisa ophahleni - 20,000 m.

Kodwa ibanga ukundiza Su-35 ngezinqola zempi iconsi ezimbili zinde (4,600 km ngokumelene 2960 km) ngaphandle "omiswe" amathangi futhi fly phezu "Raptor" (3600 km ngokumelene 3220 km).