Izinhlobo isihlabathi, izici zawo, kukhiqizwa futhi kusetshenziswa

Sand kuyinto sedimentary idwala, futhi impahla yokufakelwa, okuyinto yakhiwa amafraktjhini yamadwala. Kaningi liqukethe amaminerali asebenza ngebhethri, okuyinto into okuthiwa Silica. Uma kuziwa isihlabathi wemvelo, inhlanganisela okuxekethile, ephumelelisa okusanhlamvu ingxenyenamba 5 mm.

Ukwahlukanisa ukubhujiswa rocks

Leli nto by rock ukwa wokhuni oluqinile. Kuye ngalokho isitoreji izimo, isihlabathi kungaba:

• anesihlabathi;
• zasolwandle;
• talus;
• aeolian;
• lacustrine.

Lapho impahla kwenzeka inqubo amachibi nemifula, izakhi zalo uzobe waphetha ukuma oyindilinga.

Izinhlobonhlobo eyinhloko isihlabathi kanye nezici umkhiqizo wabo

Namuhla, cishe zonke izinhlobo isihlabathi esetshenziswa indoda emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kanye nezimboni. River isihlabathi - esigqulweni, okuyinto ekhishwe imibhede emfuleni. Kulesi impahla oluphakeme izinga eliphakeme yokuhlanza, yingakho isakhiwo kungekho amatshe amancane, ubumba okuphothula okuqukethwe futhi ndaba angaphandle.

Pit isihlabathi akhishwa ngokugeza ngamanzi ivolumu omkhulu, ngenxa ehluleka ukuqeda uthuli ngobumba. Uma ucabangela izinhlobo lasogwadule elitholakala kuzo emgodini isihlabathi, okuyinto zihlanjululwa e inqubo ukukhiqizwa amafraktjhini enkulu amatshe. Lokhu kwaziswa oluphakeme okwakuthe chithi saka esikhathini womshini izixazululo ukuthi ukusebenzisa ku wokwakha izisekelo kanye nokuqaliswa abaluphahleka. Ungathola umsebenzi isihlabathi seeded futhi asphalt Izingxube.

Ukwakha isihlabathi kumele athobele GOST 8736-2014, owawuthi impahla luyimbudumbudu inhlanganisela wezinto usayizi krupnofraktsionnyh okusanhlamvu kuze 5 mm. inhlanganiso Material kuyinto 1300 kg / m ^3. Ukwakha isihlabathi ezakhiwe ekubhujisweni zemvelo sesiwa, it is misela kanjani ukuthuthukisa isihlabathi futhi amatshe nesihlabathi imali kanye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa processing imishini.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa isihlabathi okwamanje kanzima futhi isihlabathi yokufakelwa ukuthi libukeka ingxube okuxekethile etholwe ukuchotshozwa mechanical amatshe, ziphakathi kwezincwadi zokugcina okumelwe ahlukaniswe kubo:

• slag;
• granites;
• limestone;
• nangemabula;
• ilula;
• tuff.

Izici isihlabathi yokufakelwa

Bangaba zasezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kanye kwabantu. Uma Ukuqhathanisa sasogwini nge okusanhlamvu odabuka yemvelo, i-acute ukuma yokuqala ezahlukene kanye surface olunzima. Sands Artificial evamile ukusebenzisa njengoba fillers ekulungiseleleni plasters kanye nezixazululo zokuhlobisa. Ngenxa yalokho kungenzeka kuzuzwe eziphathekayo lokukhokhisa ungqimba engenhla Laphezu yangaphandle.

Le nto kungenzeka noma iyiphi ingxenye ungqimba usimende, njengoba kwemacembu okusanhlamvu zingase zihluke, kuncike zinhlobo yesixazululo. Ngokuvamile, usayizi wokusanhlamvu usayizi okusanhlamvu kuyakuba elilingana kwezihlabathi zemvelo. Ngo womshini isihlabathi yokufakelwa izocubungulwa esithathwayo otgorevshy amalahle, itshe idwala nezinhlayiyana unburned lapho ongaphakeme sulphur.

Izimfanelo impahla kweyeme izinga yesikimu ungqimba. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa ukhonkolo esinjalo isihlabathi ukonga kungenzeka eminye ukungezwa chippings, powder noma imvuthu zalolu hlobo, kusukela kule ukuthungwa izinga ngisho ukuthi kuwina bani.

Ukusetshenziswa futhi izici ulwandle esihlabathini

Sea isihlabathi ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukwakhiwa Izingxube, fillers ukukhiqiza, ukuqaliswa abaluphahleka, ebeka elisekela komgwaqo, ukwakhiwa uthango nezindlela ezivalekile, njengoba yamathebhu for ukwakhiwa grout futhi nodayi. Ukukhiqizwa isihlabathi ezinjalo ulawulwa GOST 8736-93.

Izingxenyana zingahluka kusuka 2.5 kuya 3.5 Mc, esichaza ubukhulu module. Grain konga uhla kusuka 2 kuya 2.8 g / cm ^3. Ngo ulwandle esihlabathini kumele kube ukungcola ngingekho ngokuphelele, kodwa elithile izingxenyana zegazi kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana okuqukethwe encane ngobumba uthuli. Solwandle libhekene ukukhiqizwa okhandlayo, okwenza kube izindleko lingaphezulu umsebenzi anesihlabathi isihlabathi.

Izici and intengo isihlabathi inkwali

Isici esiyinhloko isihlabathi inkwali izenzo ukungabi khona ukungcola kanye nobuningi. Imayini precoat impahla has izici ezilandelayo: ingxenyenamba ezisukela 1.5 kuya 5 mm, kwabantu ilingana 1.60 g / cm ^3, nokuqukethwe ongaphakeme ngobumba, uthuli kanye nezinye amanyela. Kugcine e isakhiwo akufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-0.03%.

Sand emgodini, ogama intengo ngalinye imitha cubic kuyoba ruble 2200., Used hhayi kuphela ukwakhiwa kodwa futhi umhlobiso, kanye emnothweni kazwelonke. ukusetshenziswa Ikakhulukazi engabizi zasesihlabathini ekukhiqizeni eziphathekako izitini, kanye nokwakhiwa komgwaqo kanye nezindlu.

Sand umgodi, kuyoba intengo ngayinye 2300 deda., Can amelwe uhlobo impahla nge usayizi amabele uhla 2.5 2.7 mm. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa ephezulu amandla ukhonkolo futhi wasisekela izakhiwo zikakhonkolo evame ukusetshenziswa umsebenzi anesihlabathi isihlabathi ezinkulu ingxenyenamba. Quarry izinto ivuliwe wokwakha futhi kukhiqizwe slabs kuvuleke.

izici Technical lomfula anesihlabathi isihlabathi nezici ukukhiqizwa yayo

Sand precoat lunesibalo 1.5 kg / m ^3. Uma kuziwa kwabantu isimo umswakama yemvelo, lesi sibalo bese kuzoncishiswa 1.45. Ukwakheka ingaqukatha izinhlawulo, ubumba kanye daka izakhi, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka 0.7 ivolumu% ngesisindo. Umswakama okuqukethwe 4% kanti amandla adonsela phansi ethize kuyinto 2.6 g / cm ^3. Lezi zinhlobo isihlabathi ekhishwe nge dredger, okuyinto njó isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla. Imishini enjalo kulekelelwa iyunithi hydromechanical, amaphampu enamandla, amadamu namanethiwekhi yokuhlukanisa ukwakheka okubalulekile. Isizinda of isihlabathi ezindimeni emifuleni esishwabene efana isizinda enkwalini.

isiphetho

Cishe zonke izinhlobo isihlabathi akunakubangelwa ekilasini lokuqala radioactivity. Encwadini isihlabathi ochotshoziwe ukukhonza njengomdala ngaphandle. Uma sikhuluma nakwezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, aphephile futhi ngemisebe ingasetshenziswa wonke umsebenzi wokwakha ngaphandle kwemingcele.

Isicelo isihlabathi kuvamile impela namuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Quartz zazo esetshenziswa womshini Welding izinto kwenjongo jikelele futhi ekhethekile. Ngokuphathelene ezahlukeneyo ukwakhiwa, isetshenziswa ukukhiqiza luthi alufane kwesakhiwo, ukuxubana nodayi. Sands esetshenziswa futhi ngesikhathi imisebenzi kokuqeda, kanye ukukhanda izakhiwo. Kusobala namanje kanye impahla ingxenye -asphalt Izingxube elisetshenziswa umgwaqo laying futhi ngesikhathi kwakhiwa.