Nomhlobiso Bashkir. imihlobiso Bashkir namaphethini

Bashkir ngemihlobiso amaphethini ziyingxenye ebalulekile isiko impahla kanye ngesikhathi esifanayo esinye izinhlobo lokusungula esingokomoya sabantu of Bashkortostan. Ngalo mqondo, abantu art kuwumphumela eminyaka yentuthuko: ku okwakhiwe ngakho, e amaphethini athile, ngemibala, e inhlanganisela abantu abaculi ngokucace kubonakala ukuphila kwabantu futhi ukuqonda kwabo empeleni kwemvelo emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko wendlela umlando.

Nomhlobiso njengoba ubuhlobo abanamasiko

izenzakalo ezinkulu emlandweni we Bashkirs, esonta ethile ezimpilweni zabo njalo noma cishe njalo zabonakala kwezobuciko e kwezobuciko, kuhlanganise zokuhlobisa: ku okwakhiwe e inqubo ngokubulawa, ekuthuthukiseni amasha noma eziphila kuwo engcupheni yokuqothulwa lokusungula.

Bashkir amasu nomhlobiso okwakhiwe ngakho, imibala, amaphetheni kukhona amagama kanzulu ibonisa interplay yomlando ngokobuhlanga Bashkir abantu. Lokhu kusebenza ivelaphi, izinqubo yobuhlanga Ephakathi, ekuxhumaneni zasendulo nezanamuhla zomlando namasiko ne ezizweni ezingomakhelwane. Umsebenzi wezandla ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, okokuqala kunakho konke, sibonga ukuzinza olukhulu nomhlobiso, ngokugcwele futhi ngokucace kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokuphila ngokwenyama, uzalela iminonjana nangenkathi ezahlukene kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu ezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene.

imihlobiso kaZwelonke kanye amaphetheni kungatholakala cishe zonke izinhlobo imikhiqizo oluqanjwe izandla Folk abaculi ukunakekela:

• okhaphethi, izingubo, amathawula, amakhethini, amashidi;
• lesikhumba izimpahla, izihloko zokuhlobisa esakhiwe ngezinto zemvelo;
• izitsha, izinto;
• art imidwebo, imidwebo, yezicathulo, ukunyathelisa, nokunye.

Carpet ukwelukwa

Nomhlobiso abantu Bashkir lubonakala ikakhulu ukhaphethi ukwelukwa. ukhaphethi bafaniswe ayingxenye esiyisibopho isipho sentombazane. Carpets bafaniswe ngemivimbo nazo zasakazwa kuzo eningizimu Bashkiria nabantu Bashkir phakathi esifundeni Kurgan. Engxenyeni ningizimu-ntshonalanga, entshonalanga nasenkabeni ye Bashkiria, ezilwandle yemifula DEMA futhi IR, kanye maphakathi kanye sifinyelela engezansi emfuleni White nokwelukiweyo okhaphethi ikakhulukazi nge amaphetheni weJiyomethri.

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe ukusabalala esikhulu nomhlobiso okhaphethi wathola Motifs ezimibalabala ngesimo curls futhi amagatsha izimbali, amacembe, amajikijolo, ama-apula kanye nokunye. D. Empeleni, lokhu, isigaba esisha ukuziphendukela kwemvelo namuhla imihlobiso kanye amaphetheni ensimini ka Bashkortostan.

Carpets kanye nephethini ezimthende

Carpets ngephethini imivimbo ezihlanganiswe nge amashidi 20-22 cm ububanzi. Iphethini longitudinally-emthende kudalwa ngesisekelo ezidayiwe ngentambo imvu noma bembuzi. Isigodlo iphethini ilula - kuba longitudinal, toothed noma bushelelezi imivimbo multi anemibala. Silula ezimthende Bashkir nomhlobiso kusikisela ukuthi uhlobo ukhaphethi eminingi yasendulo.

Carpets nge amaphetheni weJiyomethri futhi ezimibalabala

Ithungwe amabili, ngezinye izikhathi izindwangu emithathu elukiwe kobubanzi 40-60 cm amanga in a usebe emincane. Bordure ngokuvamile nokwelukiweyo ahlukene impahla ewebhu kanye kanye nephethini uhlukile kwephethini emaphakathi ensimini. Ngezinye izikhathi umata akanayo umngcele.

Bashkirsky ukhaphethi zokuhlobisa nge amaphetheni weJiyomethri okungcono rectilinear, imiphakathi eqondile. Izakhi eyinhloko ke kukhona amadayimane masimu emibalabala, tikwele, izinkanyezi eziyisishiyagalombili enamaphoyinti nezinye izimo, imigqa iqonde ngokugcwalisa elihlotshisiwe ukhaphethi ensimini. Nazo ngokufanayo, ithuthukiswe ngaphakathi izibalo efanayo, kodwa ezincane. izakhi umhlobiso, kubhekwe eceleni, zitholakala okwakhiwe bezinye izizwe eziningi. Nokho, ngo-inhlanganisela, laqanjwa Imininingwane okuyinto ikakhulukazi imibala akhethiwe, akha uhlobo iphethini anemibala, elisinika a nomhlobiso esiyingqayizivele Bashkir umbala kazwelonke.

Endabeni ukwelashwa isitshalo izinqubo ezivamile yejeyomethri iphethini uhlaka rhombus thatha Amahlumela namahlamvu, futhi ubeka inkanyezi eziyisishiyagalombili enamaphoyinti lithathwa njengenye ayisishiyagalombili-imbali.

umbala bohlu

Bashkir nomhlobiso kazwelonke ku imibala ehlukahlukene. Umbala imivimbo - obomvu, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, blue, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noboya obudaywe baba nsomi nezinye imibala in the ejulile i predominance eliphelele umbala madder. Emzamweni hhayi ukuphinda nomunye Abeluki abenza izinhlobonhlobo okuphawulekayo imibala. Esikhathini elula ekwakhiweni Ukukhetha unamakhono futhi inhlanganisela imibala kokuba afinyelele Ukukhalipha okusezingeni eliphezulu umhlobiso.

izindwangu bafaniswe

imihlobiso Bashkir futhi amaphethini ingasatholakala phezu phambi ingubo kazwelonke. Kwangezikhathi wenza kusukela isitshalo zesivikelo Bashkirs amaphethini abacebile luscious, izindlela ezihlukahlukene ubuciko. Thunga izingubo kwansuku, izinto zangamalanga ayenziwa okuthiwa pestryad - ngendwangu anemibala yezinyoni noma strip. izingubo zemikhosi futhi zemikhosi, izinto, ubuciko izindlu, elihlotshisiwe amaphethini abatshelekayo noma Bran nendwangu (Indwangu nokwelukiweyo).

Of emibalabala amahembe lokuthunga zabesifazane, amaphinifa, abesifazane kanye ibhulukwe zabesilisa. Ngoba kwenziwa zokudla kuhlanzekile yini, amathawula, napkins, amakhethini, futhi nasikhwama somphako ezihlukahlukene ngakho. Kwakhiwa D. Pestryad iphethini checkered is by empambana imivimbo ezinemibala. Ezindaweni eseningizimu Bashkortostan esise-Ural, amaseli pestryad nokwelukiweyo ezinkulu. Imibala eyinhloko nombala obomvu, omhlophe kanye nabantu abamnyama. nomhlobiso izifunda emibalabala National esenyakatho ezahlukene iphethini encane amaseli nemibala ihlukahluke. Ngokuvamile pestryad plaid eyenzelwe amaphinifa, zokudla kuhlanzekile yini, amakhethini kanye nezinye, ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso ehlotshiswe Bran-like izindondo ezijwayelekile.

izinhlobo imihlobiso

Ukubeka amaphethini yendwangu gqizisa izinto kuphela umhlobiso lasekhaya: amakhethini, amathawula kanye zokudla kuhlanzekile yini. Esikhathini okwakhiwe zokugqoka mortgage amasu akuzange kusetshenziswe. Izakhi olula nomhlobiso, wenza amabhukhimakhi kukhona okukhulu umugqa akwa - lena ejwayelekile Bashkir umhlobiso. UMdwebo lezi imigqa luyindida, basuke kuhlobene akha, ezimise-3, okwedayimane, sibalo X emise okwenyanga 8-, namanye amaphethini eziyinkimbinkimbi. isici kakhulu inkanyezi eziyisishiyagalombili enamaphoyinti, esiphambanweni, a swastika, nedayimani ne phambili amaqembu noma nge curls twin lemahlanganweni, ukuma hornlike.

efekethisiwe

Ngokwesiko e Bashkiria efekethisiwe kwaba okubaluleke ngisho nangaphezu kwalokho izindwangu bafaniswe. Isizathu yindlela elula usebenza, futhi ungenza emitameni enobuciko. Ukwaluka edingekayo feedstock futhi ufaneleka, futhi ukusabalala siphelile izindwangu umakhi wayo khona anachronism. Kodwa efekethisiwe ziphoqa namuhla. A ezihlukahlukene amaphethini ehlukene nemihlobiso Bashkir. Izinombolo kuxhomeke imishini efekethisiwe futhi indlela sokusebenzisa imifanekiso kwi anolaka ebusweni embroider.

izakhi eziyisisekelo nomhlobiso - lesi sibalo njengoba pair of izimpondo inqama, imigqa ezimise S-, okuyinto, inhlanganisela ezahlukene ukukhiqiza amaphethini ngesimo incwadi X, noma yakha swastika eliqoshiwe kakhulu Motifs ezimibalabala. Bashkir nomhlobiso ababulawa efekethisiwe endwangwini, velvet, akuvamile indwangu kakotini nosilika, uvolo noma kakotini. Amaphethini phezu sehhashi-indwangu ngokuvamile ithungwe on isizinda obomvu noma oluhlaza, futhi phezu anezikhwama futhi opholile zokuhlobisa namanje kwenzeka futhi kungemuva elimnyama, onikeza esibonelweni ukukhanya okuphezulu futhi inikeza umsindo ecacile umbala ngamunye ephethenini. Ukuze amaphethini ngokuvamile ngokwabo zikhethwa imibala kanye imibala efudumele, kodwa ngokuvamile, siziqhathanise ne ngemuva. kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe obomvu, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani futhi ezingavamile kakhulu okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izintandokazi umbala obomvu ngokuvamile utholakala esibonelweni esifanayo abanezizinda abomvu.

Awokuqopha

Carving, umhlobiso on izitsha kanye Umdwebo izinkuni sasingeyona kangaka Bashkirs, ezifana efekethisiwe noma ukwelukwa. Ukukhethwa iyona eqoshwe lathumela, kusukela isigamu kwekhulu XIX yesibili uvele Bashkiria yonke indawo. Inqubo esetshenziswa kabanzi kwezobuciko ukhuni eqoshwe yazuza entabeni-side mpumalanga Bashkiria, lapho bagxila ehlathini bamahlathi iningi Urals Southern, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola ezihlukahlukene izinto zokusetshenziswa for "ukukhiqizwa ukhuni".

Sekuyisikhathi eside Izidingo umnotho wemvelo futhi ukutholakala emahlathini zazakhiwe ngendlela eyayenza kudingeke futhi ukuba kunyatheliswe ngokhuni nezinto ezihlukahlukene, izinto zasekhaya. Kulokhu, lo Bashkirs usizo, bakwazi luxhunyiwe futhi zithandelana yobuhle okuthandwa. Ukwenza izinto ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, Bashkirs okusemandleni ukuwenza hhayi kuphela okuhlala, okulula ukusetshenziswa, kodwa futhi enhle. Kuyinto akukho ngozi acacile kakhulu, ezithakazelisayo kwaba iphethini kwi izitsha kanye izinto nsuku zonke, njalo esetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngo womshini amabhakede ukuze koumiss, e-okwakhiwe zezinto zalo, yokudweba izisekelo lokhuni ngaphansi esifubeni, kanye nemibala kazwelonke, saveza phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, izakhi walondoloza amaphethini ukuthi kunezibonelo zalokho okwenzekayo izizwe lasendulo ukuthi iqhaza kanye kumiswa ngokobuhlanga Bashkir isizwe.

isiphetho

Umhlobiso we Bashkir abantu - Izinganekwane efanayo. He is umkhiqizo womsebenzi lilonke izizukulwane ezizolandela. iphethini ngayinye - umphumela umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba umkhiqizo emcabangweni kwezobuciko yomuntu. Izingcweti eziningi musa kuphela ukwenza izinguquko amaphetheni wabo owaziwa, kodwa futhi ungadala amasha. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, amaphethini okudalwe akuzona static. Abanye abaculi ugaye kubo noma sithembele amaphetheni bendabuko, ukwakha owakho. Yingakho ukwehluka cefe kwamafomu sibona okwakhiwe yendabuko Bashkiria.