On lokho emfuleni kuwufanele eKhabarovsk? EKhabarovsk, lase-Amur River

EKhabarovsk - omunye wemizi emikhulu eMpumalanga Ekude. It ikhona Sredneamurskaya Izimfunda ezingasogwini. On lokho emfuleni kuwufanele eKhabarovsk? Yiqiniso, kuze kufike emfuleni omkhulu - Amur. Ugelezela kancane ngasemngceleni phakathi ezimbili uthi lo mfula mumbe eKhabarovsk Krai ibanga izinkulungwane amakhilomitha, futhi ukubhukuda yayo pool esisogwini Insimu uthi ezintathu.

eKhabarovsk

EKhabarovsk - idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke Ekude yeRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba sokuqondisa se-Far Eastern Federal District. River emzini eKhabarovsk (Cupid) ehlukanisa ke kusukela PRC. Ukuze uthole eChina, ungakwazi ukusizakala emfuleni zokuhamba. Lo mkhumbi motor uyokhulula waya edolobheni eliseduze e China.

Umsuka igama River Amur

igama River iza mhlawumbe kusuka Tunguska "amor", okuyinto elihunyushwe ngokuthi "izwe elihle". Noma kusuka Nivkh elithi "Damour", okusho ukuthi "nomfula omkhulu." Leli gama okulotshiweyo ngokwengxenye esewuphendula, indlela umfula ugeleza mumbe eKhabarovsk. Cupid ngempela ebanzi. Abanye abantu abahlala amandla ngamanzi osebeni lwemifula, shayela ehlukile. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, igama-Mongolian "Hara Moron" lisho ukuthi "amanzi amnyama", futhi isi-Chinese Cupid ngokuthi noma "Heihe" noma "Heilongjiang", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba, ngokulandelana, eMfuleni Black noma Black Dragon River.

Nge isibongo ezihambisana enhle legend Chinese ukuthi abamnyama dragon ezinhle Onqobayo omhlophe omubi (for the black Chinese mhlawumbe white). White Dragon isikebhe waminzisa zonakale izidalwa eziningi eziphilayo, okuyiwona yena wajeziswa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Black Dragon wahlala, ngokusho legend, endaweni Khingansky izihlathi.

Yikuphi umfula ugeleza mumbe eKhabarovsk

Cupid - kuyinto emfuleni ngobukhulu kulo lonke Ekude. Lokhu umfula ugeleza eKhabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk futhi Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke nemingenela yayo kukhona Bureya, Zeya, futhi kancane ogeleza ngokusebenzisa yokusebenza insimu yamaShayina we Ussuri futhi Sungari. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nemingenela eziyinhloko zihlanganisa Anuy, Gorin, Amgun, eGuri, Argun, nabanye. Le ndawo okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi zaseMpumalanga Ekude le umfula omkhulukazi ingamakhilomitha angu-square abayizithulu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. A abakhwabanisi kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 11. Amamitha Cubic. m. ngomzuzwana. Phakathi imifudlana yamanzi ezinkulu Russian Federation, lase-Amur (umfula mumbe eKhabarovsk Krai) uyaziqhenya endaweni yesine, enika entendeni kuphela imidondoshiya ezifana uLena, Yenisey, ob.

Leli mfula nge confluence we Shilka futhi Argun emifuleni, ogeleza udlule e-insimu ka eMpumalanga Ekude ichopho confluence nge eGulf of Sakhalin. Uma sicabanga ukuthi ubude komfula confluence emlonyeni, uthola 2800 km. Bekanye Shilka lokhu ubude 4.5 kb. Km. Lena naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu kungathi izinkulungwane ezintathu emakhilomitha isiteshi River Amur kuyinto umngcele isimo phakathi Russia nase-China.

Ububanzi esiphezulu emfuleni bubonakala edolobhaneni Troitskaya (5 amakhilomitha) kanye nokujula enkulu - endaweni umfula eduze kwaseCape Tyrsky (56 amamitha).

nokuklanywa

Emthambekeni isilinganiso emfuleni 0.11%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubunjalo ukugeleza iyahlukahluka kuye kakhulu kwi endaweni ukuvuza. Kukhona izingxenye ezintathu oyinhloko eMfuleni Amur: elingenhla, maphakathi kanye aphansi.

Ingxenye engenhla kuyinto endaweni confluence ezimbili nemifula (Shilki futhi Argun) ukuze Blagoveshensk. 900 amakhilomitha komfula, sandwiched ephakathi kwamadwala emikhulu Nyukzha iqhubezela Omkhulu Hinggan ube nenani elikhulu ukugeleza.

Le ngxenye phakathi ubhekwa ukusika Blagoveshchensk ukuba eKhabarovsk, kwafika abantu ababalelwa enkulungwaneni amakhilomitha eside, lase-Amur Ephakathi kancane ithwala amanzi awo e, kube yisigodi esikhulu. ithrekhi izigaba yakhe sehlukaniswe Amapayipi eziningana (okubhekiselwa kuzo nangokuthi ukuphanga). Amur ogwini kule ngxenye, izindawo ongaphakeme exhaphozini. Abancane Khingan River amanzi eqoqwe ku isiteshi esisodwa esinamandla.

Ingxenye engezansi lase-Amur kanye ubude mayelana 950 amakhilomitha basuka eKhabarovsk ageleza emlonyeni. Lapho uphela eKhabarovsk, lase-Amur River egobhoza ububanzi Lower Amur Eliphansi, lapho kukhona abaningi oxbow amachibi kanye namachibi. Kulengxenye emfuleni ixhunyiwe ngeziteshi kanye namachibi amaningi amakhulu. Libuye lase-Amur esizalweni somfula - ngokuqinile eziphambili estuarine ingxenye Amur aphansi.

Yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene

Animal Cupid emhlabeni zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Amanzi futhi emaxhaphozini ugu izindawo ezibalulekile ukuveza kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi, kanye ingxenye enkulu yokufuduka eziningana zezinyoni kule ndawo. Ngokwesibonelo, isidleke mayelana 95% endaweni lomfula Stork ezimhlophe, 65% no-50% we-Japanese Dahur Cranes.

Le ndawo okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi esidlekeni 400 zezinyoni, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-70 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo 130 zama-ezihlala emanzini angenawo usawoti, futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka anamahlanu amawaka zezitshalo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo sendawo esisempumalanga yoMfula Amur Kumele kuqashelwe zinhlobo ezifana edumile ihlosi lase-Amur kanye Kaluga (ezihlala emanzini angenawo usawoti, isisindo ezingasetshenziswa idlule ton!).

Uneqhaza elikhulu kuye eMpumalanga Ekude lomfula eziphila kule planethi nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu. Engingakusho nje ukuthi lo omunye wemifula ezintathu ngobukhulu le planethi, akuyona bekhungathekile ngenxa amadamu.

izinkinga zemvelo

On lokho emfuleni kuwufanele eKhabarovsk nakwamanye amadolobha amaningi Eastern eSiberia? Lokhu edumile emhlabeni wonke Amur River. Nokho, izinga ukungcoliswa obujabulisayo buxhomeke ikakhulukazi ekubeni isimo emvelweni zensimu. Cupid uye wabhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu emvelweni kula mashumi eminyaka amuva. Isizathu esiyinhloko - the inabantu abaningi yokusebenza insimu yamaShayina eduze komfula Ussuri futhi Sungari. Le ndawo iyikhaya abangaba yizigidi ezingu-100. Abantu, okungakwazi kuthinte ukwehla izinhlanzi imiphakathi, izilwane kanye nokunciphisa ububanzi kwendawo yazo. A umthelela omkhulu imvelo babe ezimbonini akhishwe kokubili Russian futhi, ikakhulukazi, ohlangothini Chinese. nomthelela omubi umbuso kwamanzi yomzimba amanzi abe isitshalo Hydropower phezu Zeya, Bureya, Sungari. Yiqiniso, uma siyiqaphele, emfuleni kuwufanele eKhabarovsk neminye imizi Ekude, inkinga kufanele ngempela ingaxazululwa ngandlela-thile.

Amanzi umbuso

Umnikelo esikhulu ukuze ibhalansi amanzi lomfula kwenza amanzi emvula ngesikhathi izimvula zasehlobo. Lokubiza amanzi emvula ifinyelela 70%, ngesikhathi iminikelo evela iqhwa kakhulu amandla nesizotha more. Isizathu salokhu kukhona Ubusika enesithwathwa kancane, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo esifundeni. Lezi nemingcele zezulu ichaze izici ezifana mode amanzi, ukonga kokubili high and low entwasahlobo tide kanye ongaphakeme isikhathi amanzi (kwesincane kunazo zonke emfuleni ezingeni) ebusika.

Amur zilimaze ekuqaleni kuka November, kanye debacle kwenzeka kuphela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngakho, it is embozwe iqhwa izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-170.

ekushintshashintsheni ezingeni

The esiphezulu izinga lamanzi waphawula esikhathini kusuka July kuya ku-August, ngokuvamile uzitshela uhlamvu ngesikhukhula langempela (the inhlekelele kakhulu eqoshiwe ngo-1928, lapho uzamcolo ehlobo Amur abangela ukufa okukhulu emnothweni kazwelonke). Ezindaweni zezitho maphakathi kanye engezansi eMpumalanga Ekude we ochithekile emfuleni kuze kube-25 amakhilomitha!

Amur ezingeni ekushintshashintsheni zayo engenhla futhi phakathi ukufinyelela 15 metres, ngenkathi umoya engxenyeni engezansi - 7 amamitha. Umlomo ukuguquguquka ezingeni lingaphansi kakhulu, ukufinyelela 2.6 m, kodwa ngesikhathi drift ice ngenxa yawo eguquguqukayo ukuminyana ongafinyelela 15 amamitha.

impi hydroengineering

Ekhulwini elidlule, inqubo shintsho engokwemvelo Ekude emfuleni ku isiteshi esisha. Kule ndaba, ekuqaleni kwekhulu xxi ochwepheshe Chinese kwezinyathelo ezathathwa, ezibangela umonakalo elikhulu ohlangothini Russian. Abakhi kusuka China ezakhiwa amakhilomitha amaningi dikes, waqinisa ibhange kwesokudla Amur. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abavikelekile yasebhange esesisele kwaluqeda, okuyinto okusongelayo ukubhujiswa imizana eminingana futhi ukubhujiswa ngisho olulinganiselwe eKhabarovsk ibhuloho. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ukuxazulula le nkinga, unikezwa emfuleni kuwufanele eKhabarovsk. Futhi likhulu futhi iyingozi.

hydrologists Russian kule ndaba, kuthiwa okuzwakalisa inhlabamkhosi. Esebenzisa isihluku isimo kanye iqiniso lokuthi ngenxa lesifunda izivumelwano Russian-Chinese eziningi izakhiwo wokubacindezela phezu ingxenye Russian Federation waya China, futhi uma China ngokuwachitha kubo, inqubo izikhukhula kuyokhula.