Onomastics - isayensi study amagama siqu

Onomastics - izwi has a umsuka ngesiGreki. Ehunyushiwe ezivela olimini kusho "igama". Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi onomastics njengoba isayensi befunda amagama kwabantu bakubo. Kodwa hhayi kubo kuphela. Isithakazelo sakhe amagama abantu, izilwane, izici zokuma kwezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-ingxenye ehlukile ye isayensi imele onomastics ukutadisha amagama izintaba, imifula, zokuhlala, kanye nezinye izinto. Ibizwa ngokuthi toponymy.

Onomastics ngezindlela ezahlukene

manje amagama Proper kufundvwe abameleli wesayensi ehlukahlukene (zokuma kwendawo, izazi-mlando, ethnographers, izazi zolimi, abahlaziyi bemibhalo, odokotela bengqondo). Nokho, Okokuqala, liphenywa zezilimi ke. Onomastics - ingxenye yezilimi. It study umsuka kugucuka amagama ngenxa ukusetshenziswa kwabo isikhathi eside ngolimi umthombo, noma ngokusebenzisa zokweboleka kubo kusukela nezinye izilimi. Nokho onomastika - umqondo ukuthi kungabonwa hhayi nje njengomuntu isayensi. Ngomqondo iyincane, kungcono nje izinhlobo ezahlukene emabitombamba. Kungenjalo, bebizwa silulumagama onomastic.

Ikakhulukazi ekutadisheni amagama efanele

Ingxenye enkulu yokuphila komuntu emabhulohweni into ezifana amagama efanele. Tibonelo taletinhlobo baningi. Ziyakwazi konke wadala abantu, kanye izici ezindawo, kuhlanganise ongaphandle iplanethi yethu. Umsuka kwegama angabhekwa eziyinkimbinkimbi - ngokuya yikuphi ukuhlakanipha etymology.

Ukutadisha amagama efanele, ungabona imininingwane ukudluliselwa kwayo kanye nokulondolozwa. Ngenxa yalolu cwaningo yabo libaluleke ngokwesayensi. Umsuka labo noma amanye amagama kungase ziyolibaleka, bona kungenzeka uneminye uxhumano nezinye amazwi ulimi. Nokho, igama efanele, ngisho Kulokhu, igcina ukubaluleka komphakathi, lokhu okusho ukuthi, kuyinkomba egqame bha lokhu noma ukuthi isihloko.

Ngokuvamile, amagama okufanele izinze kakhulu. Bavame azinamphumela ezenzeka olimini ushintsho wamavukelambuso, ngisho ukunyamalala ulimi kwaso indawo komunye aliholeli le ukumisa ngokusebenzisa kwawo. Ngokwesibonelo, namuhla isiRashiya, kusenabantu izihloko ezifana uDon iVolga, okuyinto abanalo value kuwo. Nokho, njengoba beye bafeza ukuhlaziywa etymological, singabona ukuthi banayo umsuka umSkithe. Ukufunda ngezinto ezinjalo ukunikeza ithuba lokubuyisa ubunjalo ulimi, okuyinto lanqoba lapho kudalwa igama ukuthola izici eziningi ezihambisana nalo.

Onomastics nomlando

Onomastics - isayensi, ukuhlinzeka inkonzo enkulu emlandweni. Phela, iqoqa impahla ebaluleke kakhulu-ke, sibonga ezingase zibangelwe kwabanye ngezindlela yokufuduka abantu zenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onomastics - isayensi etadisha efezwa izizwe njengoba ukhona namuhla, futhi wanyamalala ekwakhiweni izwe namasiko kazwelonke. Njengoba isibonelo, siphawula ukuthi, njengoba beye bafeza ukuhlaziya umsuka amanye amagama Russian amadolobha (isibonelo, Vyshny Volochek), singakwazi cabangela khona esikhathini esidlule kwemizila ezokuthutha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwamagama lezinto womhlaba, elise-East European Plain, asivumela ukuba sihlaziye izinga esesithuthuke ngalo umthelela ukuthi okube nawo isiRashiya isiko umSkithe. Zonke labo abahlanganyela onomastics zomlando. Ngakho, ucwaningo wakhe izogxila kakhulu ukuthola izindawo zokuhlala kwabantu ahlukahlukene kanye nemizila ukufuduka in esidlule.

onomastics zomlando nawo uhilelekile kule ncazelo othintana zamasiko ezazikhona ngesikhathi esisodwa noma esinye, kanye nocwaningo lwezilimi zasendulo. Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi ucwaningo kuphela ngaphansi kohlaka kwale sayensi kungenziwa bahlulelwe abantu zinyamalele izilimi. Nokho onomastics - isayensi study hhayi kuphela kuyo yonke le mibuzo. Izingxenye zayo eziningi, futhi manje sizobe ngikuxoxele amanye.

onomastics olusankondlo

Esikhathini izincwadi namuhla siye efunde kakhulu impahla lapho kutadishwa namabizoqho ezibonisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene nezitayela zokudala. Engingakusho nje ukusho iqoqo "ukukhuluma" amagama, kanye namagama ezifana Chichikov Sobakevich, Skotinin. Bonke zenzelwe zibonisa uhlobo esetshenziswa umkhiqizo, echaza ngendlela ethile noma ukuthi iqhawe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singase sikwazi ukukhuluma bokuba khona yonke inqubo ngawo amagama efanele akhiwa nge nomphakathi kanye Umbala izitayela ezahlukene. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi njengamanje impahla, okungase kumelwe ibe isisekelo sokukholelwa onomastics asankondlo ucwaningo athuthukile futhi wabutha. Lokhu kusebenza ngisho izitatimende eziningi zabalobi kanye izimbongi amagama azo, okwakubekelwa libhekene umsebenzi kule ndawo. Kulesi sici, kakhulu ngaphambi isayensi ezifana onomastics. Amagama izinhlamvu etemibhalo kakhulu, ngakho ukubhekana nophenyo kule ndawo kungaba eside kakhulu. Konke kuncike entshisekweni abacwaningi.

toponymy

onomastics Isayensi has izinkomba eziningi. Omunye wabo - amagama endaweni. Kule ndawo sitadisha amagama lezinto ezindawo (Red Sea, Russia, saseNevsky Prospect, Kiev, Kulikovo Field, iChibi iBaikal, eMfuleni Iset).

anthroponimics

Anthroponimics ngqo wahlanganyela kule ucwaningo lwamagama abantu babo sika (Ivan Kalita, uBoris Nikolaevich Eltsin). Kulesi isiqondiso, delimited yi yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli futhi ethandwa amagama siqu futhi izinhlobo elinegama elifanayo: the tetemibhalo kanye sesigodi, kuchumana ngalokungakahleleki nalokuhlelekile. Ngo-epoch ethile njalo isizwe has antroponimikonom lalo. Lo mqondo kusho irejista amagama siqu.

Kosmonimika futhi zoonimika

Enye mkhuba ezithakazelisayo - kosmonimika. Phakathi nohlaka yayo, ihlaziya amagama lezinto ezihlukahlukene emkhathini, kanye neenhlangano ezithile wasezulwini (Mercury, iNyanga, Sun, inkanyezi Sirius, iplanethi yemifino Ceres, inkanyezi enomsila Halley sika).

Zoonimika, njengoba uqagele, waziphatha weziteketiso namagama ngendlela efanele izilwane (Buckingham, u-Arnold Besya, Britney, Murka, ibhola).

Hrematonimika

Hrematonimiku nakho nesithakazelo igama labo siqu. Izibonelo lokho mkhakha wocwaningo yayo baningi. Hrematonimiku nesithakazelo kulabo amagama ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu izinto zokuphila ngokwenyama (isibhamu "Humayun", inkemba Durandal, idayimane "Orlov"). Siyazi ukuthi amagama efanele ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ubheke amaqembu ezemidlalo, ezinkundleni zemidlalo amaqembu ngabanye ( "umdlalo ukungafi", "Evergreen Party"), amaholide (USuku sokuma, olokuqala Meyi), amayunithi ezempi, kanye izimpi ngabanye (Battle of Kulikovo, Borodino impi). Izinkampani amelela imikhiqizo yakho noma amasevisi usebenzisa lokuhweba, okuyizinto futhi amagama abo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hrematonimiku nesithakazelo eziqwini zika izincwadi, imisebenzi yobuciko, izinkondlo ngabanye.

Le ngxenye onomastics akuyona kuphela isithakazelo zezemfundo. Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, isibonelo, kukhona ngokuvamile izinqubo ezingokomthetho ezihilela ukusetshenziswa igama lokuhweba, efana igama lomunye, okuqondene inkampani, oveza umkhiqizo ukuncintisana. Isinqumo sokuthi ingabe kungenzeka ukuba sicabangele amagama njengazo: singathathwa kuphela nokusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa ngokwesayensi.

Karabonimika

Karabonimika wahlanganyela ekutadisheni amagama efanele ezikebheni, imikhumbi nezitsha ( "Varyag", "Aurora", "Memory of Mercury", "Borodino"). Phawula ukuthi inkulumo ethi ezihlongozwayo usosayensi Russian Aleksushin esikhundleni imigomo "karonimika" futhi "nautonimika", ayesetshenziselwa ngaphambili.

Ergonimika

Ergonimika wahlanganyela ekucwaningeni izinhlobo ezahlukene izinhlangano zamabhizinisi abantu. Ngokwesibonelo, firmonimy - amagama amafemu kanye emporonimy - amazwi for amagama ezitolo. Ergonimiku nesithakazelo amagama amathilomu, nemishayo, izinyunyana, amakilabhu Billiard, abalungisa izinwele kanye nabanye.

Pragmonimika

Pragmonimika - lena isiqondiso lapho sitadisha amagama izinhlobo zemikhiqizo. Parfyunonimy, isibonelo, igama amakha, amakha (ULauren, Chanel), chokonimy ubheke igama imikhiqizo ushokoledi ( "isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa", "Kara-Kum").

Teonimika

Teonimika sekuyisikhathi utadisha amagama onkulunkulu, imimoya, amademoni, izinhlamvu, izindaba eziqanjiwe nezinganekwane. Kubonisa ukuthi amagama efanele baba Emabitomvama - amagama umlilo, umoya, nokuduma, umbani kanye nezinye izenzakalo zemvelo.

Imibuzo onomastiki ezithakazelisa kakhulu, akunjalo? Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izingxenye zale isayensi zihlobene ngokuqondile umkhuba. Onomastics azikwazi kubhekwe kuphela njengendlela yokuzilibazisa ososayensi "eccentrics". Igama efanele (ezinye izibonelo sikunikeze) etadisha isayensi ukuthi uhlobene eduze ekuphileni kwethu.