Pharmacopoeia - Iyini? Pharmacopoeia: incazelo, umlando, okuqukethwe

Uyini pharmacopoeia? Uma uqala kusuka kude, khona-ke yilowo nalowo muntu okungenani kanye lafika odokotela uphathe ukukhumbula izidakamizwa eziningi kangaka, uyazi umthamo wabo, amakhemikhali ukwakheka kanye mshini wezenzo. Kulokhu Basizwa Iincwajana eziningi futhi compendiums, equkethe ulwazi olufanele. Kodwa abalobi, zona liphefumulelwe pharmacopoeia. Ngakho kuyini?

definition

Pharmacopeia - iqoqo imibhalo esemthethweni, okuyinto ebekwe namazinga ikhwalithi izinto zokwelapha eluhlaza, izinto elisizayo, imikhiqizo siphelile ezenza imithi kanye nabanye nemithi esetshenziswayo kwezokwelapha.

Ukuze usungule "izinga legolide" ukuheha ochwepheshe emkhakheni wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali kanye eyenza imithi ukuhlaziya, iqhutshwe kabili izimpumputhe nokulingwa nemiyalezo ngamazwe elawulwa ukuthola konke okusemandleni mayelana nezinto zokwelapha eluhlaza nemithi kuyo. Ukwenziwa amazinga kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhicito ezithaka imithi.

State Pharmacopoeia - a pharmacopoeia ngibopha ngokomthetho futhi okuyinto ngaphansi kweso isimo. Izimfuneko kanye nezincomo ebekwe therein kubopha wonke izikhungo yezwe, wahlanganyela enkulu ekwakhekeni, isitoreji, ukudayiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ngenxa yokwephula imithetho eseZwini idokhumenti, umuntu wezomthetho noma yemvelo ebhekene necala lobugebengu.

Umlando pharmacopoeia ngamazwe

Imicabango on ukusungulwa uhlu ezivamile izidakamizwa nge inkomba lwendlela okufanele isetshenziswe ngayo futhi ngesilwane esifuywayo zifane uvele abezokwelapha yesayensi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, e 1874. Ingqungquthela ngale ndaba owaqhutshelwa e Brussels e 1092. On ke, izazi ziye zifinyelele esivumelwaneni amagama izidakamizwa, futhi ukuma izitatimende zabo zokupheka. Phakathi neminyaka emine, lesi sivumelwano iye samukelwa ngokomthetho amazwe amabili. Le mpumelelo liyithuluzi eliyinhloko for ukuqhubeka pharmacopeia futhi yanyatheliswa. Iminyaka engamashumi amabili kamuva, inkomfa wesibili e Brussels, okuyinto ubuhanjelwe yilabo abamele lamazwe amane nanye zomhlaba.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uyabakhathalela ukushicilelwa kanye ebukezwe pharmacopoeia uye wathuthela iNhlangano Yezizwe. Ngesikhathi izimiso sivumelwano ukulungiselela galenic kanye Ukweqiwa 77 izidakamizwa kufakwe iqoqo. Ngemva komunye okweminyaka elitshumi lambili, ngo-1937, kwase kunesiqiniseko yikomidi wezazi, zivela eBelgium, iDenmark, iFrance, eSwitzerland, e-USA, iNetherlands kanye UK abaye bazijwayeze zonke izinhlinzeko zoMthetho wamaZinga pharmacopoeia futhi wanquma uxolela insimbi ngamazwe.

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili siphazamise umsebenzi walo myalo, kodwa ngo-1947, izazi wabuyela emsebenzini wakhe. Esikhathini esingaba unyaka amahlanu anesithoba iKhomishana wabizwa ngokuthi iKomidi Isazi ku Ukucaciswa for Amalungiselelo Pharmaceutical. Ngesinye lomhlangano UBANI, kwanqunywa ukwakha uhlelo of International Nonproprietary Names ngoba ubunye senhlobo kwemithi.

Uhlelo lokuqala

Pharmacopoeia - idokhumenti ngamazwe, eye kwadingeka ukubhalwa kabusha ezine kakade, futhi ngemva ngamunye wamthatha ku into entsha.

Uhlelo lokuqala sivunyiwe ngehora lesithathu Umhlaba Omhlangano UBANI. LikaNobhala unomphela International Pharmacopoeia usumisiwe. Incwadi yanyatheliswa ngo-1951, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emine waba umqulu wesibili nezinye izithasiselo encwadini izilimi ezintathu ezivamile European: English, French neSpanishi. Ngemva esifushane kwakukhona izincwadi Japanese isiJalimane. I pharmacopoeia lokuqala - iqoqo imibhalo normative kuwo wonke ezaziwa ngesikhathi amalungiselelo. okungukuthi:

• 344 izihloko ku izidakamizwa izinto;
• 183 izihloko Isikali amafomu (amaphilisi, amaphilisi, isithako nomuthi, izixazululo ampoule);
• 84 laboratory indlela uphethwe.

Headlines babe ngesiLatini, njengoba kwakuwusuku ngoba yonke indlela yezokwelapha ukuze ubheke abasebenzi okufanayo. Ukuqoqa idatha ezidingekayo ku Kwakuhileleke eziphilayo Standardization ochwepheshe, kanye ongoti emincane izifo sendawo kakhulu futhi kuyingozi.

edishini ezalandela International Pharmacopoeia

Ushicilelo lwesibili uvele 1967. Sanikezelwa control izinga imikhiqizo eyenza imithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liye kubhekwa uhlelo lokuqala amaphutha wanezela 162 izidakamizwa.

Uhlelo wesithathu pharmacopoeia iye igxile emazweni asathuthuka. Uhanjiswe ohlwini izinto, okuyinto kabanzi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye ngesikhathi esifanayo abe izindleko iphansana. Lolu hlobo equkethwe imiqulu emihlanu futhi yakhululwa ngo-1975. Ushintsho lwakamuva idokhumenti enziwa ngo-2008 kuphela. Lezi Standardization ezihlobene kwemithi, icubungula ekukhiqizeni nokusakazwa kwayo.

Okuqukethwe pharmacopoeia

Pharmacopeia - incwadi ehlanganisa hhayi kuphela ibanga izidakamizwa, kodwa futhi iziqondiso ekukhiqizeni kwabo, isitoreji futhi bazisebenzisele nezinye izinjongo. Le ncwadi iqukethe incazelo yezindlela zamakhemikhali, ngokomzimba futhi yemvelo ukuhlaziywa izidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liqukethe ulwazi reagents kanye nezinkomba, izinto izidakamizwa kanye amalungiselelo.

IKomiti UBANI abadonsekela zakha uhlu izidakamizwa enobuthi (Uhlu A) kanye kanzima (ohlwini B), kanye ithebula Ukweqiwa esiphezulu olulodwa futhi nsuku zonke izidakamizwa.

European Pharmacopoeia

Pharmacopoeia European - idokhumenti normative, esetshenziswa emazweni amaningi-Europe ku inqubo ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ezenza belingana International Pharmacopoeia, amaphilisi ayo futhi ligxile imithi ethile esifundeni. Leli bhuku akhiwa Directorate aseYurophu Quality Wemithi, oyingxenye loMkhandlu WaseYurophu. Pharmacopeia has ihluke kwezinye isimo esifanayo zomthetho kwemibhalo ayenikwe kuKhabhinethi lakhe. Ulimi olusemthethweni Pharmacopoeia European - French. Kugcine, owesithupha, kwaba kabusha ukukhululwa in 2005.

pharmacopoeia kazwelonke

Njengoba International Pharmacopoeia ayinakho amandla ngokomthetho futhi ngaphezulu kwesimo recommendatory, amanye amazwe wakhipha pharmacopoeia kazwelonke isiqondiso sangaphakathi nezindaba ezihlobene izidakamizwa. Okwamanje, emazweni amaningi kufanele kumabhuku angawodwana. ERussia pharmacopoeia kuqala wadedelwa ngo 1778 e-Latin. okufushane Russian nje baphuma, ekubeni encwadini yokuqala lolu hlobo ngolimi kazwelonke e engamashumi amabili.

Ngo-1866, kamuva kwamashumi amahlanu, kwafika isikhulu Pharmacopoeia wokuqala Russian. edition 11, zinyanga ngesikhathi khona kweSoviet Union, bavele nineties zakuqala kwekhulu elidlule. Ukudweba up, umphelelisi futhi kabusha ukukhulula idokhumenti uphambi kweKomiti waphathiswa the pharmacopoeia, kodwa manje bekwi-Ministry of Health, Roszdravnadzor kanye nempilo jikelele umshwalense Isikhwama nge ukubandakanywa ososayensi yindawo ehamba phambili.

RF State Pharmacopeia 12 no-13-editions

Okwesikhashana, lapho isimo pharmacopoeia kuncike ukuguqulwa, ikhwalithi imikhiqizo yezokwelapha kulawulwa pharmacopoeia izihloko Enterprise (saf) kanye jikelele pharmacopoeia izihloko (CFC). On edition yeshumi nambili ka State Pharmacopoeia we RF kakhulu kuthonywa Iqiniso ukubandakanywa ochwepheshe Russian emsebenzini iKhomishana le-European Pharmacopoeia. Nambili-Edishini inezingxenye ezinhlanu, ngayinye yaba okuhlanganisa normalizing amazinga ayisisekelo neziqondiso womshini, ukudayiswa noma ukunikezwa imithi. Le ncwadi yanyatheliswa in kwegazi 2009.

Ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha, edition yeshumi nambili usulungisiwe. Ekupheleni 2015 kuwebhusayithi olusemthethweni Russian Federation eMnyango Wezempilo uvele State Pharmacopoeia - edition 13th. Kwaba inguqulo ye-electronic njengoba ukukhululwa kwenziwa nge imali abayithola. Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ezingeni zomthetho, kuzo zonke ekhemisi kanye wholesale inkampani kufanele kube nesimo Pharmacopoeia (edition 13th). Lokhu kwenza le ncwadi samookupitsya.

Uyini sihloko pharmacopoeial?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama- ka pharmacopoeia izihloko: ku ketshezi futhi kokuqendwa ngomthamo ifomu. Isihloko ngasinye "ku ketshezi" unegama izilimi ezimbili: Russian Latin, i-international ejwayelekile igama zamakhemikhali. It presents i ifomula enokwehla takhi, isisindo yamangqamuzana kanye nenani eziyisisekelo oyibamba izidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona incazelo eningiliziwe ukubukeka izinga izidakamizwa ukulawula zindlela ukuthi solubility e uketshezi lomzimba, kanye nezinye izakhiwo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali. NeMibandela isembozo, izimboni, amapulazi akhiqiza isitoreji kanye zokuhamba. Kanye okungapheli.

Article ngoba kokuqendwa ngomthamo ifomu, ngaphezu kwawo wonke la mazwi angenhla, iqukethe imiphumela emitholampilo laboratory, imikhawulo kuvunyelwe zokuhluka ngesisindo, ivolumu kanye nosayizi efana izidakamizwa, kanye yesikhathi esisodwa futhi esiphezulu imithamo nsuku zonke izingane kanye nabantu abadala.