Isiqu Ngozwela: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Ngozwela ezinzwa isiqu ingenye yezingxenye nozwela isimiso sezinzwa ingxenye neuropathy.

isakhiwo

Ngokuhambisana isakhiwo isiqu nozwela (Truncus sympathicus), futhi kuba ISIZINDA pair exhunyiwe nomunye by Imicu yotshani nozwela. idatha Ezemfundo zitholakala nhlangothi zombili ikholomu umgogodla ubude bayo yonke.

Noma imiphi yale nozwela isiqu node - lokhu assemblage izinzwa autonomic kokwenza ukushintsha Imicu yotshani preganglionic (ingxenye enkulu yalo) ukuthi ziyaphuma emgogodleni, obumba legatsha ezimhlophe yokuxhuma.

Le micu okuchazwe ngenhla ukuzwa okuhambisanayo iyunithi maseli noma sakhiwa amagatsha inter-engeyokuqala ku below- noma vysheraspolagayuschiysya nozwela isiqu engeyokuqala.

Kwahlelwa yokuxhuma amagatsha mhlophe lumbar engenhla futhi thoracic. I sacral, lumbar ephansi futhi ISIZINDA wesibeletho yalolu hlobo Awekho amagatsha.

Ngaphandle amagatsha ezimhlophe, angawodwa njengoba igatsha grey yokuxhuma, okuyinto aqukethe ikakhulu of nozwela fibre postganglionic nezinzwa umgogodla elihlobene ne-yesifunda emgqonyeni. amagatsha anjalo uya ngayinye izinzwa emgogodleni, wahlukana ngamunye nonozwela isiqu ISIZINDA. Njengengxenye nezinzwa ziya izitho innervated (nezindlala, bushelelezi futhi imisipha striated).

Njengengxenye isiqu nozwela (anatomy) okwesikhashana kuthiwa iminyango elandelayo:

1. Sacral.
2. Lumbar.
3. Chest.
4. Intamo.

imisebenzi

Ngokusho Ezigabeni isiqu nozwela futhi ephambili ezinzwa ganglia yayo, futhi kukhona izici eziningana imfundo yokwakheka:

1. Innervation we ikhanda nentamo, kanye nokulawula zokunciphisa izitsha, yokudla yabo.
2. Innervation we umgodi thoracic (nozwela amagatsha isiqu kusukela ISIZINDA kufakwe yokwakheka izinzwa e-pleura, diaphragm, pericardium futhi isibindi umsipha).
3. Innervation ka semithambo izindonga (ehlanganisa emsipheni plexuses) carotid ezivamile, yegilo kanye subclavian imithambo kanye aorta.
4. Xhuma ngamangqamuzana ezinzwa ganglion ezinzwa plexus.
5. Bamba iqhaza ukwakheka celiac, yomthambo i-aorta, kwezinso futhi ephakeme mesenteric plexus.
6. Innervation kwezitho okhalo ngenxa okuvela amagatsha Zokholo ganglia isiqu nozwela kule aphansi plexus hypogastric.

I wesibeletho nozwela isiqu division

Njengengxenye yomgogodla wesibeletho, kukhona amayunithi ezintathu: esiphansi, esiphakathi kanye engenhla. Okuningi ngamunye wabo ukuwucabangela ngokwengeziwe.

engeyokuqala phezulu

Ezemfundo fusiform Ubukhulu 20 * 5 mm. It etholakala ekhelini 2-3 amathambo wesibeletho (otrostah yabo esiphambanweni) ngaphansi fascia prespinal.

Isuka emagatsheni engeyokuqala eziyisikhombisa ayinhloko Imicu yotshani postganglionic ukuthi innervate kwezitho we ikhanda nentamo:

• Ixhuma amagatsha grey ukuba 1, 2, 3 nezinzwa wesibeletho umgogodla.
• N. jugularis (nerve jugular) ihlukaniswe amagatsha amaningana, ezimbili zazo exhunywe glossopharyngeal nezinzwa vagus, no one - kuya emsipheni hypoglossal.
• N. caroticus internus (nerve kwangaphakathi ukuwozela) engena udonga lwangaphandle yangaphakathi carotid Umthambo kwegama elifanayo futhi kukhona yakha plexus, okuvela kulo endaweni engena Umthambo kwegama elifanayo yesikhashana ithambo canal suka Imicu yotshani onozwela ukuthi zakha ezijulile Stony emsipheni we-canal pterygoid kuyoshaya e nhlonhlo amathambo. Ngemva kokuphuma isiteshi fibre indiva pterygopalatine fossa bese ujoyina nezinzwa postganglionic parasympathetic kusukela engeyokuqala pterygopalatine, kanye emsipheni maxillary, bese ithunyelwa iziphathimandla endaweni ebusweni. Ngo isiteshi ukuwozela kusukela somnolence plexus kwangaphakathi amagatsha abahlukene, ukuthi zingene plexus bese bakha tympanum. Ngaphakathi ugebhezi ukuwozela (kwangaphakathi) engena plexus cavernous, yemisipha yayo zabiwa ezitsheni ubuchopho, ukwakha plexus amehlo phakathi palsy futhi anterior imithambo palsy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, plexus cavernous ithumela legatsha ukuthi usebenzisa Imicu yotshani parasympathetic ciliary parasympathetic node kanye muscle innervate dilating umfundi.
• N. caroticus externus (yangaphandle ukuwozela emsipheni). Yena wakha plexus yangaphandle eduze Umthambo homonymous namagatsha alo, okuyinto bafakela igazi nezitho entanyeni, ubuso, futhi laseDura.
• izitsha legatsha Pharyngeal-laryngeal ezihambisana pharyngeal udonga futhi ifomu pharyngeal plexus.
• ezinzwa senhliziyo sihamba eseduze ingxenye engenhla wesibeletho isiqu nozwela. Ebusweni esifubeni ingaphakathi edonsa plexus inhliziyo, esemgwaqweni ngaphansi lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta.
• Amagatsha ayingxenye emsipheni phrenic. Ukuvalwa yabo ahlelwe kule capsule nemisipha kwesibindi, pericardial, diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum, pleura kanye diaphragm.

iyunithi isilinganiso

Ezemfundo osayizi 2 * 2 mm, esisogwini ezingeni 4 amathambo wesibeletho, endaweni lapho aphambana le carotid ezivamile futhi bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi yegilo Umthambo. Lendawo kuphakamisa izinhlobo ezine amagatsha:

1. Ixhuma amagatsha grey ukuthi iya ku 5, 6 izinzwa emgogodleni.
2. Isilinganiso inhliziyo emsipheni, esemgwaqweni ku ezingemuva ezivamile carotid Umthambo. Esikhathini umgodi we emsipheni esifubeni ohilelekile ukwakheka plexus inhliziyo (ezijulile), esemgwaqweni phakathi kuqhoqhoqho kanye lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta.
3. Amagatsha abathintekayo enhlanganweni emsipheni plexus subclavian, carotid ezivamile futhi aphansi yegilo imithambo.
4. legatsha Mezhduuzlovaya ukuthi ixhunywe elingenhla wesibeletho aphethe nozwela.

iyunithi aphansi

Ezemfundo itholakala ngemuva Umthambo vertebral kanye subclavian ngenhla. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ngokuhlanganiswa engeyokuqala lokuqala kanye thoracic nozwela iqamba stellate (cervico-thoracic) engeyokuqala. inhlangano Lower kuphakamisa emagatsheni ayisithupha:

1. Mpunga legatsha yokuxhuma asinikeze 7, 8 wesibeletho izinzwa emgogodleni.
2. Igatsha eya vertebralis plexus, kuyoshaya e kogebhezi plexus ukwakha posterior Umthambo palsy futhi plexus basilar.
3. Sagcina wenhliziyo ephansi, kwesokunxele elitholakala ngemva elikuyi-aorta ne ilungelo - ngokuba Umthambo brachiocephalic futhi ehilelekile ukwakheka ngokujulile inhliziyo plexus.
4. Amahlumela ngesikele sokuthena of kuleyo ngxenye emsipheni phrenic, kodwa musa yakha plexuses bese sivala ama-e diaphragm, pleura futhi pericardium.
5. Amagatsha, akha ezivamile carotid Umthambo plexus.
6. Yegatsha kuya Umthambo subclavian.

thorax

Isakhiwo thoracic isiqu nozwela siqukethe ganglia thoracica (mammary ISIZINDA) - ezinzwa Ezemfundo umumo elingunxantathu, okuyinto amanga entanyeni costal emaceleni amathambo thoracic, a fascia hilar kanye pleura parietal.

Kusukela ganglia thoracic suka amaqembu 6 ezinkulu amagatsha:

1. White legatsha yokuxhuma, okuyinto branched kusukela nezinzwa intercostal (izimpande zabo anterior) futhi zingene ISIZINDA.
2. Mpunga amagatsha yokuxhuma zivela ganglia futhi ithunyelwa izinzwa intercostal.
3. Amagatsha mediastinum. Angasuselwa 5 nozwela Ganga engenhla futhi lwahlolwa engxenyeni posterior mediastinum, kanye nezinye Imicu yotshani obumba bronchial kanye plexus ngomphimbo.
4. Senhliziyo nezinzwa thoracic. Angasuselwa 4-5 engenhla ganglia nozwela, iqhaza ekwakhiweni yomthambo i-aorta ne-ngokujulile inhliziyo plexus.
5. Splanchnic ezinzwa ezinkulu. amagatsha ohlanganisiwe 5-9 thoracic ifindo nozwela futhi imbozwe fascia intrathoracic. Ngokusebenzisa ukuvuleka phakathi emsipheni Lesisemkhatsini medial imilenze diaphragm ubabonisa phakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu futhi iphela ganglia celiac plexus. Ukwakheka lokhu kuhlanganisa inqwaba yezinzwa preganglionic (zazo esitshalweni phakathi plexus celiac ganglia ku Imicu yotshani postganglionic) kanye postganglionic ukuthi sebavele bashintshele level ganglia thoracic isiqu nozwela.
6. Nerve vnutrinostny encane. Lakhiwa legatsha ISIZINDA 10-12. Ngokusebenzisa diaphragm uwe n kancane lateral. splanchnicus ezinkulu futhi ingxenye plexus celiac. Ingxenye le micu preganglionic lokhu ezinzwa ganglia nozwela kuthiwa esitshalweni postganglionarnae, futhi abanye akufanele kube izitho.

lumbar

Lumbar nozwela isiqu ganglia - hhayi ukuthi abanye, njengoba phambili iketango we ganglia thoracic. Lumbar yakhiwa 4 ISIZINDA ukuthi zitholakala nhlangothi zombili yomgogodla emaphethelweni elingaphakathi a lumbar isicubu esikhulu. Ngakwesokudla ohlangothini ISIZINDA ibukeke phandle kusukela vena cava ngingelutho futhi kwesokunxele - phandle kusukela aorta.

Amagatsha e-lumbar isiqu nozwela yilezi:

1. yokuxhuma amagatsha White esukela 1 no-2 nezinzwa lumbar umgogodla futhi ezifanelekile 1 no-2 ganglia.
2. Mpunga legatsha yokuxhuma. Hlanganisa ganglia lumbar yazo zonke umgogodla lumbar izinzwa.
3. amagatsha lumbar splanchnic ukuthi ukhulise kusukela zonke ganglia bese ufaka hypogastric engenhla, celiac, yomthambo i-aorta besisu, kwezinso futhi ephakeme mesenteric plexus.

ingxenye sacral

Le ngxenye lowermost (ngokulandelana nozwela isiqu sendawo) izenge sacral ukuthi yakhiwa eyodwa ayibhangqiwe coccygeal inhlangano ngazimbili ezine ganglia sacral. ISIZINDA elise kancane medial izimbobo sacral anterior.

Kukhona amagatsha amaningana ingxenye sacral isiqu nozwela:

1. Mpunga yokuxhuma legatsha, wabopha kuya sacral izinzwa emgogodleni.
2. izinzwa Splanchnic ukuthi ayingxenye plexuses autonomic e ukhalo. yezinzwa Visceral kusukela idatha obumba aphansi plexus hypogastric, okuyinto amanga amagatsha yangaphakathi iliac Umthambo lapho zingene nezinzwa nozwela kwezitho okhalo.