Princess Tenisheva uMariya Klavdievna: Biography abavikela, izithombe

noblewoman Russian Tenisheva uMariya Klavdievna, biography okuzokwenziwa ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, isibongo sasekhaya egqoka Pyatkovskaya. Nanguya abavelele zomphakathi sibalo, uthisha kanye UMuphi. It yaziwa nangokuthi imvelo yokudala, koqweqwe lwawo abaculi kanye yobuciko ngalendoda. Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna wasungula i studio ubuciko Petersburg, zakudala Russian Museum emzini Smolensk, eSikoleni of Umdwebo (futhi Petersburg), Bezhitsk sokufundela sikole, kanye art-zezimboni workshop e Talashkino izindlu, elalingelamaFilisti wakhe.

Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna: bilayer iDemo Graphene

Yiqiniso, indaba ngempilo umuntu iqala usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kwakhe. Ngeshwa, umlando uye walondoloza ukwaziswa mayelana kahle hle ukuthi yiziphi ngonyaka wazalwa Ngokuzayo umculi onekhono, ngoba kwaba wesihlahla, nakuba noblewoman dolobha. Akekho namuhla akusho ukuthi yini igama kayise. Ngemva kokushada, wathatha igama lomyeni wayo futhi waziwa ngokuthi Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna. Usuku lokuzalwa kwalo - Ephreli 20, kodwa ngonyaka kuboniswa cishe phakathi 1865-1867. By endleleni, kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi uyise kungaba uMbusi u-Alexander II yeRussia. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lokhu kangaka oyimfihlakalo indaba azalwa ngalo.

osizi lwasebuntwaneni

Unina Maria Alexandrovna washada uKlawudiyu futhi Stefanovich Pyatkovskogo babebizwa ngegama lakhe. usingababa Okwesibili Masha kancane kwaba MP Dizen isizinda - eyindoda ecebile kakhulu eyayinawo izindlu eziningana e Petersburg naseMoscow. Umama akazange zisebenze indodakazi yakhe ngesisa nokunakekela, futhi le ntombazane yayingakaze njalo siqaphe ukuze singathwesi engajabulanga wakhe, ngenxa yalokho yini ulandele isiyalo esinzima ngisho ukushaywa. Yakhula yaba mncane-uhlinzwe futhi ivaliwe, kwakungase ubuhlungu shazi olulodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eside uye aphethwe amagqubu futhi ayikwazanga ukuthethelela. Nokho, yena esenamandla, nginenhliziyo nenomusa, ezimele futhi esebenzayo. Yena ngiphuphe ukuphila ezahlukene, okuphambene ukuthi kuyo endlini usingayise wakhe.

kumiswa

Kuze 1869 Ngokuzayo Princess uMariya Klavdievna Tenisheva wafunda ekhaya ngeso elibukhali ka komfundisi French. Nokho, ngemva kokufunda mayelana asanda kuvulwa 'esikoleni, lapho ilandzelwe amantombazane' amantombazane Russia kuqala isimiso semfundo, izikole wesilisa, wanquma ukuthatha izivivinyo kanye ababhalisile. Umsunguli we sokuzivocavoca kwaba M. Speshnyov. Masha abasha yokufunda kwaba lula, futhi kungakabiphi kwaba omunye abafundi lokuqala esikoleni.

ngomshado wokuqala

Ngo-1876, uMaria washada. Umyeni wakhe waba ummeli R. Nikolaev. Ngemva konyaka wayengenayise indodakazi, Maria Rafailovna - esizayo Baroness von der Osten-Sacken. Nokho, umshado waba owesikhashana futhi ngokushesha waphela. Kwake kwathi ngo-ibhuku ngempilo yakhe, "Tenisheva uMariya Klavdievna: okuvelayo empilweni yami," wabhala ukuthi isizathu isehlukaniso ukungavumelani ka natures zabo nomyeni wakhe.

Paris

Lapho le ntombazanyana wayeneminyaka engamashumi 4 ubudala, Maria Klavdievna waphuma endlini, ukuthatha naye indodakazi. Waya eParis, lapho ngagxila e vocal umculo esikoleni M. Marchesi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Masha sesifuna inceku ethembekile Lisa, ozohlala eBethel nabo ekuphileni. Ngokushesha eParis Maria Klavdievny Tenisheva iba kakhulu edolobheni, lapho ezizwa sengathi inhlanzi emanzini. Lapha-ke bonke abaseduze futhi icacile. Yena usephila impilo wokuziphilisa, wahlangana nabantu zokudala. Ngezinye umculo esikoleni ahlangana Rubinstein, Charles Gounod. ngemigomo yayo ukuphola lukhula nsuku zonke. Phakathi kwabangane bakhe futhi Ivan Turgenev. Umculi Makovsky futhi uyajabula ngokuthi uye wathatha esiyingini yakhe labangane Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna. A isithombe sakhe, yabhala ngaphansi umbono wokuqala ayenakho kuye.

Umhlangano wokuqala nge Talashkino

Ngemva kweminyaka emibili abahlala inhlokodolobha isiFulentshi, Duchess esizayo ebuyela eRussia futhi ithunyelwa izindlu kumngane wakhe ebuntwaneni Kitty. Ngo Talashkino wakhe kakhulu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akukho emangalisayo. Utsandza nowokuzalwa nemvelo, amagquma, emahlathini namasimu. Ngemva lonke esifushane, yena kanye umngane wakhe futhi ithunyelwe ku Paris, ngoba edinga ukuqedela izifundo zami esikoleni vocal. Enhloko-dolobha French baqala ngokuzimela bahlanganyele ubuciko umlando, vakashela ezihlukahlukene iminyuziyamu, zemibukiso kanye nokunye. D. Louvre Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna wahlangana uGilbert umculi iqala ukuthatha kuye izifundo drawing. Phakathi nale nkathi, yena uqala ukuba ahileleke enamels.

Ukuqala imisebenzi yezenhlalakahle

Ngo-1887, esanda kufika e Talashkino, intombi ivule isikole ngoba ongumlimi izingane. Banquma hhayi kuphela ukubafundisa ukufunda nokubhala, kodwa futhi ukuba babiza yezandla futhi awanike ithuba siphumelele ekuphileni. Tenisheva kwaba Patriot kweqiniso, yena wayefuna ukuhamba ngandlela-thile neqhaza ekuchumeni kwezinceku ezweni labo. Mhlawumbe kungenxa igazi watshela uyise ebekiwe umqhele?

Usesho uqobo

Ngemva konyaka, uMary Klavdievny Tenisheva iboshelwe ajwayelane Konstantin Stanislavsky. Unquma ukuzama isandla sakhe yaseshashalazini kanye enkundleni. Njengoba ayenesiphiwo ngokwemvelo, ke uqala ukuthuthuka, kanye nomqondisi omkhulu emnika ithuba lokubonisa yena njengomdlali waseshashalazini ku weshashalazi ka "Baloven" ngokuthi isiphi isigaba sayo "IPharadesi." Nokho, ubuciko has upper andla, futhi liyaqhubeka ezifundweni emifanekiso N. Golitsin, bese engena School of Baron Stieglitz e umdwebo amakilasi. Izungezisa emibuthanweni kwezobuciko, ahlangana intokazi umdwebi I. E. Repinym, futhi kamuva Aleksandrom benua owanikhipha umnewabo Albert mculi.

umshado wesibili

Ngo 1892 yena ishada futhi manje eya ekuphileni okusezingeni eliphezulu njengoba Princess uMariya Klavdievna Tenisheva. UMuphi, usomabhizinisi, usosayensi futhi nje umuntu omkhulu ezithandayo, Vyacheslav isekela zonke izinhlelo ngumkayo kancane. ngokushesha Wasungula edumile Tenishev School Petersburg. Umshado nomuntu onjalo indiza okusezingeni eliphezulu wanika izinzuzo zakhe eziningi futhi ivule amathuba anjengalawa, ayengakaze ngiphuphe. Nokho, yena akasebenzisi kubo ngokuchuma siqu nokuthuthukiswa ukuze kuzuze kwezobuciko yasekhaya. Liphinde lithi ukuthi uMariya Klavdievna Tenisheva - UMuphi ngomqondo truest izwi.

Ukuphila Bezhitsa

Umyeni wakhe kwakungekaNkulunkulu isitshalo Bryansk relsoprokatny, esemgwaqweni Bezhitsa. Coming lapha, ukuba ifa lakhe, Maria Klavdievna iqala ukwenza imisebenzi zemfundo. Yiqiniso, kakhulu lokhu, wasiza umyeni wakhe. Ngaphandle dolobha ayengakwazi usukwenzile uhlakaze ekhulelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba yindoda ehlakaniphile nenkulu kuyahlonishwa imibuthano zezemfundo, futhi wayengumfelokazi izeluleko eziwusizo kakhulu. VN Tenishev baqashelwa omhlaba njengenxusa sezokuhlalisana kwabantu zezemfundo ethnographer, nombhali amaphepha isayensi. Kodwa eRussia, wayengumuntu igadiwe imfihlo yiziphathimandla, okuyinto ukwethuka imibono yakhe inkululeko, kanye nokuphikiswa inqubomgomo isimo, naye ngezikhathi ezithile wabe kumbuthano emincane ezithuthukayo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umkakhe, wayengazi lutho ngezombangazwe, wokuthi udinga ukuthuthukisa amakhono abantu abangabangcwele kwamandla abo ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi simemezele ngokwawo wonke. Indlu yakhe njalo uya abaculi abampofu, abadlali nabahlabeleli, ngamanye amazwi, abantu yobuciko. Nokho, zonke le nkosana wacasuka, akakwazanga ukubekezelela kuwukubonakaliswa 'bohemian ", akakuthandanga kwakudala, futhi ngingazi ukuthi ngingaqhubeka kanjani ukuchitha imali kwi ukuthengwa art izinto ngoba iqoqo lomuntu siqu. Nokho, kukhona okunjengolwandle united laba bantu ezahlukene amabili anjalo - uthando lomculo nokukhanyiselwa. Tenishev kahle ngadlala cello futhi kwaba abangane nge abaculi abaningi abadumile.

Ujwayele Tchaikovsky

Ngo 1892, sibonga Vyacheslav Konstantinovich, Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna wahlangana Tchaikovsky okukhulu. Uma endlini yabo phezu Promenade des Anglais e yacwila Petersburg ambalwa kwesikhulu wahlela kusihlwa behlonipha umqambi, futhi inkosazana yena wanquma ukwenza zothando Tchaikovsky ngaye. Lo mculi omkhulu wajabula ngokuhuba kwentokozo wakhe, futhi wamphuthumisa ahambe. Kusihlwa inzuzo Akumangalisi ezinhle, futhi umqambi wayengafuni ukuhamba, it is ngisho ukubuya sesidlule kudala isikhathi kube indlela ngaleso Opera "Iolanta".

Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna: Talashkino, ukuguqulwa

Catherine czetwertyński umndeni wabo nje ifa. Wakujabulela bavumelana ukuwudayisa kumyeni wakhe ukuba umngane wakhe, Prince Tenishevo, nokuthi, enza ngomfazi isipho esivela ebukhosini sokuba ephathini yelusuku lwekutalwa. Nokho, Kitty wathola imvume ukuqasha ukuphila sahlala ubuphansi. Kusukela ngalolo suku Talashkino siguqulwe angaphezu ukuqashelwa. Lapha imisebenzi abesifazane wasungula ukukhiqizwa uwoyela ngokucindezela, ngoba okuletha imishini ephezulu ezivela phesheya. Lesi sikhathi, inkosazana kubonisa futhi bazuzise nabanye esingagcini nje kube bohemian, zokudala futhi yothando, kodwa futhi usomabhizinisi omkhulu. Yonke imikhiqizo amazwe ezimboni e izihloko ezimbili Russian - eMoscow Petersburg, kanye e-Paris. Ezizungeze indawo yethu yokwakha grand iqala. Olubanzi wakha abamba ukushisa, isigayo umusi, isilwane ezivalekile, workshop ezehlukene, ezihlanganisa ukukhanda imishini yezolimo. Fika umsebenzi Talashkino abasebenzi baqala ukwakha imizi yawo. Zonke isikhathi Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna esetshenziselwe ukukhokhela izindlu, amlethele yena kusukela Paris imoto waxosha ngako ku enakho. Khona-ke lapha Khotyleva iguqulwe ezitebeleni, esakhiwa amahhashi 50. Ukuze amahhashi ngamanzi Kwenziwa ngamanzi ashisayo. Futhi abalimi bamenyiwe ezivela eNgilandi. Kamuva, eduze ipulazi stud eyakhelwe enkundleni yezemidlalo ukuze kube wamahhashi kanye zokulala.

ukunwetshwa Holdings

Tenisheva uMariya Klavdievna, ogama umndeni kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile uya Talashkino, uye wazithola umsebenzi omusha. Waqala ukuthenga amadolobhana aseduze nasemapulazini. izikole Isungulwe, ezakhiwe ehostela. Ngokushesha School Flenovo baqala ukukhuluma kuso sonke isifunda. Ngezikhathi ezithile yena uphonse Petersburg. Lapha, ekhaya labo siqu, yena wasungula isikole umdvwebo. Safika lapha ukuze ufunde, intsha abanamakhono abafuna ukungena Academy of Fine Arts. Phakathi abafundi babe M. Dobuzhinsky, I. Ya. Bilibin, Z. Serebryakov S. V Chehonin indodana Repina Yury, A. Pogossky, M. Chambers, Bilibin et al. School ngesicelo inkosazana siphela IIya Repin.

Ukunikezelwa

abangane Iskusstovedy ayizalele ukubukelwa nabo lapho ngisaqala emsebenzini wakhe futhi ayizalele waqala ubungani, waqala ukunikezela umsebenzi wakhe. Ngakho, umqambi A. S. Arensky wabhala amanothi romance "Lily of the Valley", futhi amazwi kubo sakhiwa P. I. Chaykovsky. Umdwebi Aleksandr benua inikeza ngamasevisi yayo inkosazana ku systematization Tenishev iqoqo imidwebo watercolors. Wabuye udonsa eziningi izithombe ukubukwa Talashkino izindlu. 1896 kwaba esikhethekile Tenishevs umndeni. Embukisweni Zonke-Russian yayihlanganisa Bryansk ifektri Bezhitskaya sokufundela sikole owned by Prince futhi Princess. Bona baklonyeliswa esiphezulu ukubonga wasebukhosini.

Nakulokhu futhi, Paris

Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi Maria Klavdievna ungathandi Russia, iParis yayihlala abantu ngokuqondile emzini lapho wazizwa ukhululekile kakhulu. Futhi manje, ngemva kwekhefu elide, kuba emuva emzini wakhe ozithandayo. Nalapha futhi ke ukudansela isiginci sakhe kwi ezifundweni zakhe futhi wangena Academy Julien. Esikhathini B. ekilasini njalo kuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-umdwebo bese umdvwebo. Lapha ahlangana L. Bakst, osizini, futhi kuyamsiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena othenga yibona ababenza umsebenzi omningi ingcaca umdwebi. Futhi okwamanje Russian yokuphisa injabulo wamavukelambuso, kanye nekudvweba esesesikoleni baqale ukusola enhlanganweni zemibuthano ahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu phakathi kwakhe kanye umqondisi wesikole, Repin, ingxabano kuvela, Nokho, Repin engasafuni ukulahlekelwa esikoleni, ukhuluma le nkinga neziphathimandla. Ngawo lowo nyaka, omunye ovulekile umdwebo zesikole Smolensk. Isakhiwo I-studio creative iyikhaya E .K. Czetwertyński umkhaya, futhi inhloko uqokwa omunye phakathi kwabafundi Repin A. Ukubhema.

Collectables Isentha

1897 Petersburg wavula embukisweni lapho izivakashi inkantolo embukisweni watercolors nemidwebo kusukela ukuqoqwa Marii Tenishevoy. Mayelana undab 'Petersburg elite. Futhi kudumisa ezithebeni Tretyakov yena. Sisivulela inkosazana ukusihlenga izithombe ezimbalwa, kodwana akhange afune, echaza ukwenqaba kwakhe ukwenqena ulahlekelwe ubuqotho iqoqo. By the way, ekugcineni, inikeza iqoqo Russian Museum, okwakubekelwa maduze kwambulwa. Kodwa yona yathi bathathe izithombe abaculi Russian kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Prince VN Tenishev ithola aphoyintimenti zikahulumeni njengekhambi eliphambili Commissioner-General kanye neNhloko yoMnyango Russian eWorld Isentha Paris. Umkakhe, kanye nomvikeli nenhloko St Petersburg ballet qembu ka Sergeem Dyagilevym - eFinland, ngoba inhlangano ka ngokuhlanganyela art embukisweni.

Umagazini "World of Art"

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, Maria Tenisheva no-Sergey Mamontov ukudala umagazini omusha kwamasiko - "Umhlaba Art". Kuyinto kule nkathi Kwesimo we Princess, eyabhalwa Serov futhi agcinwe Smolensk Museum. Phakathi umsebenzi umagazini wahlangana no nge photographer esivelele isikhathi sakhe I.Borschevskim. Futhi baqala ukugibela phezu imizi yasendulo Russian nezithombe ezikhangayo zendawo umagazini.

koqweqwe lwawo art

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngemva kokudalwa kuka-umagazini, ibuyele uthando ubudala wakhe - koqweqwe lwawo art aqinise art esikoleni ekhethekile Smolensk. Ochwepheshe abaningi abayingenelayo kuwo sebeqala bahlelekela esontweni eyakhelwe ngezithukuthuku Tenishevs umndeni. isitini kwakhiwa ifektri leyo kanye.

imisebenzi eminye

Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo lapho kuye kwenziwa Tenisheva eziningi sokuthuthukiswa isiko Russian, bonke abaningi. nemibukiso Ivuliwe, iminyuziyamu, amakhonsathi banikwa, nokunye okuningi. E-Moscow esitolo "Spring" yadalwa, okuyinto bathengisa imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa Talashkino workshop. Indlu Tenisheva e Talashkino njalo egcwele osaziwayo. Nangu eza ngisho yena Sergei Diaghilev. Ngenxa yalokho we 1905 revolution izitolo Talashkino zivaliwe, inkosazana ayisekho ngezimali "World of Art" umagazini, naye futhi, ivaliwe. Maria Klavdievna, ukuthatha iqoqo yakhe eyigugu, ethunyelwe Paris futhi ihlelwe embukisweni. Ukuhlala inhlokodolobha isiFulentshi, iqhubeka bahlanganyele koqweqwe lwawo art. Ngo-1907, wabuyela eRussia, ifunda ukuthi waklonyeliswa isihloko isakhamuzi zokuhlonipha ka Smolensk. Ngo-1912 Tenishev Museum ahlonishwe nge evakashele Emperor of All Russia uNicholas II.

Umhlaba lokuqala

Ngo-1914, ne ekuqaleni kwempi, wavula ngo Smolensk esibhedlela samasosha. Maria Klvdievna awukwazi bahlala banganandaba lokusebenza, futhi usebenza kuwo, futhi ukhonza njengephayona imoto ukuthutha abalimele. UNicholas II uyeza esibhedlela ukubingelela bese baniketa umvuzo amasosha. UMbusi adunyiswe Princess ubuzwe wambonga inkonzo yakhe ezweni. Ngo 1915-1916. Tenisheva yena usebenzela mqondo yakhe futhi uvikeleke. Ngo-October wangonyaka Revolution izindlela. Empilweni yamasiko kuleli zwe zilimaze futhi Tenisheva nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Khona-ke kwaba Okthoba, futhi esondela iqembu labantu kwadingeka ukuba abalekele eningizimu yezwe, lapho bawelela yeFrance, lapho ahlala khona waze 1928.

isiphetho sendaba

Endlini yakhe ethokomele kancane waqala ukuhambela eziningi abaculi abadumile. Ngalesi sikhathi, waqala ukusebenza incwadi yakhe, okwakubekelwa okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko. Princess Tenisheva wafa ngo-1928 esekudingisweni, kodwa lomuzi wakhe ozithandayo. Akakaze futhi wabona yakhe ayithandayo Umama Russia. Indlu yakhe waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha ngokuthi Talashkino encane.