Russian isikali stratigraphic. isikali stratigraphic International

Ngo ngezigaba chronostratigraphic inhloso efanayo. Kuyinto ukukhishwa kwengalo esihleliwe ukulandelana izingqimba planethi ku iyunithi. Sinenkosi amagama abo, okuyinto zivumelana kwezikhawu zesikhathi ezithinta ukuma komhlaba. Leli phephandaba kuzoxoxwa ngakho kabanzi geochronological nesikali stratigraphic. Ababona ubuhlobo isikhathi ezisekelwe kuphela. Stratigraphic, isikali geochronological - ukuthi baphila ngokuvumelana nemithetho. Zisetshenziswa ngoba ukungena izenzakalo umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu.

isikali stratigraphic International

Ukuvela kulesi simiso ukutholakala ebalulekile emlandweni wesintu. Kuyinto ngesisekelo stratigraphy. Izindlela ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nomlando Geological uqweqwe eMhlabeni Kuye kwavulwa esebenzisa isikali kwamaplanethi. ILS iyincenye lebalulekile, elikwaziyo ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalesi simiso ngeke kwenzeke ukudala amamephu zezwe nezinto eziningi izincazelo izindawo ezithile ezinkulu, ezifana zomhlaba, Geological, paleogeographic, paleoclimatic, paleolandscape nabanye abaningi.

amagama

Umqondo "esikalini jikelele stratigraphic" itholwe e imithombo Russian avame. Ngaphansi incazelo yawo waqonda isimo jikelele kohlelo kanye kusikophu sembulunga sokusebenza kwawo. isikali Stratigraphic ukulandelana ethile amayunithi taxonomic. Lolu hlelo angathathwa njengomuntu inkombakuqheliwe ngokuphelele isikhathi Geological ngesikhathi eyasungulwa sedimentary emhlabeni emgodleni. Limelela ekahle kwesigaba ephelele lithosphere eMhlabeni ngaphandle ukweqelana ehlukahlukene izikhala.

sphere kwesicelo

Uhlelo kabanzi njengoba geji ngezikhawu ngabanye umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukunquma ubuhlobo kwanoma iyiphi ngezikhawu lithosphere. Kulesi iqoqo elilodwa noma raznovozvratnost. Zonke izici ezingenhla ukwenza ngamazwe stratigraphic isikali isisekelo sokufinyelela up kwezikhathi nezehlakalo. Lokhu nesilinganiso iyona yokutakula isisekelo nesakhiwo yomlando Geological planethi.

amazinga

Iqoqo lama-elementi esifaka isikali stratigraphic, limelela Geological ulimi zigcwele umhlaba wonke. isipelingi yakhe ihambisana isivumelwano phakathi kwemibuso. ulimi Professional ingenye imisebenzi eminingi ohlelweni. International Geological Congress uthatha ingxenye ekubekeni lezi zilinganiso. Futhi kule nqubo abathintekayo inyunyana of Geosciences. Kwaphela isikhathi eside lezi zakhiwo ahlele umhlangano okhethekile ummeleli, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kunoshintsho ezenziwa ILS. Emhlanganweni wokugcina International Geological Congress, wayeselahlekelwe okuthiwa i-Geological isikhathi embulungeni.

division ILS

Lezi zici kungukuthi imizimba izinhlelo kwezazi noma izakhiwo biostratigraphic. Lezi amayunithi babe kuphela nomuzwa wesikhashana, ie chronostratigraphic. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kungukuthi esetshenziselwa ukuhlala ngokwahlukana ubuhlobo amaphrofayli oqondile. Amayunithi ebandakanya isikali stratigraphic empeleni amelela kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile isikhathi. Nazo ngokufanayo, okwethulwa emadwaleni. Ngu ukubukeka esizeni imbobo imfanelo ethile fixed kwemingcele yabo. Lokhu kungcono uma kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Uphawu isochronous kungafiseleka kusuka zamakhemikhali noma engokoqobo.

ezingokoqobo zamanje

Samuntu samanje usebenza ngezinga lomhlaba wonke ezifana stratigraphic, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko esekelwe amaphiko weemfunda. Ikakhulukazi, uhlelo Western Europe. It has uhlamvu yayo siqu zomlando umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. isikali Stratigraphic nge eziyizitezi sikhombisa ngezigaba engokwemvelo nasekuthuthukisweni kwezindawo ezithile surface eMhlabeni, kanye biota abahlala kuwo. Lena akuyona ukuphika sobala - zomlando Geological isimiso isebenza ngempumelelo ngempela. Nokho, isicelo salo siyasebenza ngokweqile e yisiphi isifunda esisodwa noma umcengezi sedimentary. Ukusetshenziswa kuleli qophelo ukuthuthukiswa esikalini stratigraphic ngamazwe akunakwenzeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ahlukahlukene entuthuko ezindaweni ezahlukene ngokuvamile hhayi yayilingana ngezikhawu. Noma kunjalo, ezivumelanisiwe ngendlela ethile ngenxa umthelela izici global.

Umkhuba main

Isivuno isikali komugqa isikhathi ngokuma komhlaba eminyakeni Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa sebuningini izakhi eziningi. Kudinga ukusetshenziswa zonke izici kanye nemicimbi yangekhulu izikali global zesifunda. Kudingeka futhi ezinye izici stratigraphic.

Izinto Ezithiya kwaqedwa ILS

Interagency Strategic iKomidi Russia ngokhahlo wagxeka ukuthuthukiswa yakamuva uhlelo. Iqiniso lokuthi inhlangano yasekhaya isinqumo esikhathini esizayo ukulandela imithetho namasiko umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. IKomiti Russian uyayilahla ukusetshenziswa amasu kwamanye amazwe kuyinto ifomu esebenza kuwo namuhla. Lokhu kungenxa izici kwezikhawu yayo, amagama kanye ngesilwane esifuywayo. Konke lokhu izakhi kusuka iphuzu eliwusizo umbono, ephambene yokuthi, equkethe isikali jikelele stratigraphic yeRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banalo yokuntuleka ukucabanga. isizathu Esemthethweni subjective, okuyinto evimbela kwaqedwa isikali stratigraphic ngamazwe, inkolelo izazi zokuma komhlaba eziningi Russian. Bakholelwa ukuthi ILS kufanele kwenzeke ukuba kubonise umlando Geological planethi. Le nkolelo ilungiswe Ikhodi okuhambisanayo. Ngakho, ngezinga stratigraphic eRussia uhlelo ehlukile namuhla.

Imininingwane engeziwe mayelana ILS

Yamazwe ngamazwe inkomba amasu kubonakala isiqalo nesigcino idatha ephathelene namaphuzu ayinhloko kohlelo: izimiso, izincazelo, imiqondo, izigaba, ehlanganisa stratigraphic esikalini, izinqubo nokunye. Uhlelo bahlanganisa ikakhulu umthamo ngamayunithi angakahleleki ukuthi ezangesikhathi eminyakeni. Basuke uhlukanise esekelwe isifundo ilungiselelo kwendikimba yamadwala. Uhlelo ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene izikali: ukugcinwa chronostratigraphic nesikhathi. Umsuka okwamanje waqonda njengendlela yokukala isakhiwo ilungiselelo kwendikimba yamadwala nezigaba ejwayelekile zazo akhethiwe stratotypes imingcele. Uhlobo lwesibili kusekelwe amayunithi isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, eminyakeni, kuyilapho indinganiso okwesibili.

Imisebenzi esemqoka kohlelo

Injongo yokuqala bezingelwa isikali stratigraphic, ukuba uthole ukuthi iyini ubudlelwane nesikhathi sendawo. Kumqoka kakhulu zonke izindawo yokwakheka komhlaba iyona ukufakwa engu eyisihlobo izingqimba. Lezi zici musa zincike lokuhlolana amayunithi chronostratigraphic bemvelo global. Okwesibili, ukubona isidingo sokuhlakulela ngesilinganiso ejwayelekile. Kuyadingeka ukusungula ukuhleleka kuka ephelele esihleliwe izakhi ezithile chronostratigraphic. Sinenkosi amagama abo futhi asetshenziswa isikali eemfundeni kanye nephasi loke. Kulindeleke ukuthi lokhu kuyoba isisekelo sabaphathi ejwayelekile. Kufanele sithole engu-rock izingqimba, kanye ubavumele ukuba ezihlobana ngayo emlandweni womhlaba. It kubhekwa inketho ekahle, lapho ububanzi ejwayelekile uyogcwalisa yonke ukulandelana ngaphandle ukweqelana namagebe.

ngezigaba chronostratigraphic

Lolu hlelo yilona amayunithi enhlangano e imishini yokusaha izingodo. Kusekelwe criteria ezifana yobudala kanye nesikhathi kumiswa. Injongo eyinhloko uhlelo inhlangano yamadwala ukuthi zakha uqweqwe, amayunithi ezithile. Nazo ngokufanayo, amagama abo siqu, okuyinto zivumelana ngezikhawu kwesikhathi umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Lezo zinto ngesisekelo ubuhlobo isikhathi uhlelo lokubhalisa yomlando Geological lomcimbi.

iziqephu

Lo msuka limelela iqoqo zonke izingqimba idwala okuyinto ehlangana ndawonye nsuku ezithile. Ikakhulukazi, ukubaluleka kumiswa yabo ngesikhathi sokuphumula esisodwa. Lesi sigaba kuhlanganisa kuphela amadwala, okuyinto akhiwa esikhathini esithile emlandweni emhlabeni. Lezi zici anqunyelwe evele isochronous. Yabo ngenzuzo kanye amamaki usethe ubude besikhathi ukuthi zibonisa. akudingeki amandla imali eyenziwe isigaba sabaphathi chronostratigraphic ayingxenye amayunithi.

Amanye amagama

Ngo wabahlinzeki eziningi ukuqokwa amayunithi sabantu bezigaba ezingafani futhi ivolumu okwesikhashana ngokusebenzisa izinto ezilandelayo.

eziyinkimbinkimbi Chronostratigraphic kuhlanganisa imigomo elandelayo:

1. Isitezi.
2. Eonothem.
3. System.
4. Series.
5. Erathem.
6. Substage.

Geochronology okulingana:

1. Century.
2. Eon.
3. Period.
4. Era.
5. Epoch.
6. Podvek.

Izinhlobo tichasiso ukhombise isikhundla into ngaphakathi chronostratigraphic:

1. Upper.
2. Lower.
3. Isilinganiso.
4. Basal.

Izinhlobo tiphawulo ezihlobene iziqephu geochronological:

1. Kuyinto sekwephuzile.
2. Early.
3. Isilinganiso.