Self-ukukhiqizwa kabusha - kungcono ... self-kabusha eziphilayo

Ikhono nokuzala ngokwayo isici yezinto eziphilayo. Emvelweni, zikhona izindlela eziningana yokuzala, ukuqinisekisa ngokuqhubeka izizukulwane emhlabeni.

Self-kabusha eziphilayo

Ngaphandle inqubo yokuzala eziphilayo ngabe abasekho. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu luwumgogodla inqubo. Transmission of ulwazi zonke izici isakhiwo ezibekwe impahla kwezakhi zezinto, ke uhlinzekela izinsiza self-ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Lona Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuze ukuphila. Phela, uma umzimba omusha kuyoba kwezinye izici, kuvele ngeke ephila ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, babhubhe. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga: izinhlanzi sizalwa emaphashini esikhundleni zokuphefumula. izizukulwane eziningana zalezi izilwane sibhekene nenhlekelele. Bamane awunaso isikhathi ukuzivumelanisa imvelo yasemanzini babhubhe. Kodwa akusho ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka endalweni ngenxa yokuba khona izindlela eziningana yokuzalana.

agamobium

Self-kabusha amaseli singenzeka ngaphandle ukubandakanywa gametes. Ngo izitshalo, it is eyenziwa esebenzisa izitho vegetative. Abaningi isikhunta, moss, horsetails, ezinjengohlinzamfuku futhi wona akha ezinhlamvu - amaseli ukuveza asexual. Ezinye eziphilayo emafomini umzimba protrusion, okuyinto likhula nge kwesikhathi uguqulwe umzimba omusha. Cabangela lezi zindlela yokuzalanisa kabanzi.

sporulation

Self-kabusha eziphilayo ngosizo impikiswano okokuqala ingatholakala izitshalo bakudala kakhulu - ulwelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ziwela Chlamydomonas unicellular, kokushiya ulwelwesi cell umzimba kwabakhulelwe, ukunweba nibonakala futhi ngokushesha sikhule yobukhulu bayo. Kakade emva ngesonto omunye izingane ziyakwazi ukwakha amaseli ukuveza asexual. Le nqubo ibizwa kaninginingi.

izitshalo spore Ephakeme emjikelezweni yentuthuko alternated isizukulwane ngokobulili futhi asexual. Izingxabano engimbumbile kwezitho zomzimba ekhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ethulwa nge ibhokisi moss esiqwini, ngaphakathi okuyizinto iseli asexual. Ukubaluleka kwalesi nqubo Owadala spore is ithopholoji umzimba kwabakhulelwe.

cloning

Isiqu, amacembe kanye izimpande - igunya nge naso eyenziwa self-ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Kuyinto izingxenye vegetative simila. Ingqikithi yale nqubo itholakala ngokubuyiselwa izingxenye ezingekho zomzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, leaf petioles violets ebukhoneni amanzi, ukushisa kanye solar emisebeni impande ikhula.

Izinkuni izitshalo esinezimila ngokuvamile okusakazwa esebenzisa umoba - ingxenye ihlumela obude obuthile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bangakwazi khona izinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho ohlezi amagilebhisi, currants, gooseberries. Okubaluleke kakhulu, petioles kwakuyizinso iphila.

Isetshenziswa futhi ukuze kwenziwe futhi ukuguqulwa kwezitho vegetative. Potato nezilimo eziyizigaxa, sitrobheli amadevu, tulip, rhizomes lily lesigodi - lezi yizibonelo izitshalo ukuba amahlumela zishintshe. Ukuguqulwa impande, esisetshenziselwa zokugaya vegetative, kuyinto tuber impande. Dahlias nobhatata wande ngokusebenzisa yiso.

gemmation

Self-ukufanisana - inqubo yokudala zazo siqu. Enye indlela lokhu kwenzeka ibizwa ngokuthi Olufufusayo. Ngakho wande imvubelo, angenasawoti Hydra, scyphoids polyp kanye amarubi. Ezimweni eziningi, izinso, kwakhiwa okuyinto emzimbeni kamama, it is wajinge wanamatsela futhi iqala khona ezimele. Kodwa-ke has kungenzeki amarubi. Ngenxa yalokho zamakhorali kwakhiwa bobunjwa fancy.

Amafomu yenqubo ngokocansi

ukukhiqizwa kabusha okuzala senzeka iqhaza gametes - amaseli enzalo. Amafomu bakudala kakhulu ukuzala kuyinto conjugation futhi parthenogenesis. Eyokuqala yalezi angabhekwa njengesibonelo ciliate-izicathulo. kwakhiwa ibhuloho cytoplasmic is phakathi emangqamuzaneni eziphilayo, lapho exchange of izingxenye zendaba zofuzo eziqukethwe molecule e-DNA.

Parthenogenesis futhi self-ukufanisana. Le nqubo ukuthuthukiswa ephilayo entsha kusukela iqanda unfertilized. Wayekhona parthenogenesis njengoba indlela ukukhiqizwa kabusha anehlathululo eliphezulu kakhulu begazi. Phela, kungase kuphakame isimo yokuntuleka ngabanye besilisa isikhathi eside. Bese kuthi-ke khona kwezinhlobo ngabe uyakuba sengozini. Futhi ukubukeka ngabanye esifazane amaseli enzalo ngaphandle inqubo sokukhulelwa, ukuzixazulula le nkinga.

Ngo ephakeme angiosperms izitho okuzala imbali. Izingxenye zalo eziyinhloko ukusebenza - stamens futhi pistil - aqukethe gametes: sperm amaqanda, ngokulandelana. inqubo Ukuvundisa ngempela ekulandulayo impova - ukudluliselwa impova evela engxenyeni stamen ukuze inhlamba. Lokhu kwenziwa umoya, izinambuzane noma abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho ama-germ cells at ifomu confluence lwegciwane kanye izakhi ezisele - endosperm. Ndawonye ukwakha imbewu, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi indikimba ukuzala.

Ezilwaneni, gametes asezindaweni nezindlala, ulingisa izindlela deducing. Ngokwe zokuzala uhlelo uhlobo isakhiwo zingabantu dioecious futhi hermaphrodite - eziphilayo lapho kokubili ifomu esifazane ngocansi amaseli besilisa. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu izilwane yisinanakazana ukuthi bondliwa kumnikazi akudingeki siqu wokugaya ukudla inhlelo yamasu abo, ohlala e-Amapayipi of amathumbu akhe.

Meaning of self-ukufanisana

Self-ukukhiqizwa kabusha - iyona kulondolozwe ukuphila kwakhe. Ikhono zikhule, kanye ukudla, ukuphefumula, ukukhula kanye nokuthuthuka, kuwuphawu eziphilayo. Kukhona futhi abameleli emhlabeni organic, okuyiwona inqubo uhlukile. Lawa amagciwane - non-yeselula eziphilayo. Basuke eyakhiwa nucleic acid molecule (DNA noma RNA) namaprotheni igobolondo. Nge isakhiwo esinjalo ikhono nokuzala iyona kuphela inqubo kungenzeka ekutholeni okuqondene eziphilayo. Engena phakathi kwebutho, beqala ukukhiqiza siqu nucleic acid yayo kanye amaprotheni. Le ndlela yokuzala libizwa self-inhlangano. Kulokhu, izinqubo ezifanayo imisiwe umzimba aphethe. Igciwane liyaqala zidonse isikhathi eside. Iqala kanjalo-ke i-flu, i-herpes, encephalitis nezinye izifo nge genesis efanayo. Killed izinhlayiya viral ngokusebenzisa isenzo kwamangqamuzana egazi kungekho nto enemibala emihle - leukocyte. Athatha Amagciwane, ekubhubhiseni.

Ngakho, siyakwazi nokuzala abamele zonke imibuso nemvelo. Futhi inqubo zizalela kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba inquma lokuqhubeka izizukulwane nokuqinisekisa ukuphila eMhlabeni.