Siyini leso simiso ukuziphindiselela. talion Isimiso: okuqukethwe zokuziphatha

Adume waseBhayibhelini "Iso ngeso, izinyo ngezinyo" has elinye igama eyamukelwa umthetho, - isimiso ukuziphindiselela. Lokho kusho ukuthi umsuka, kanjani futhi kuphi ukusebenzisa kulezi zinsuku?

definition

Talion isimiso kusho isijeziso ubugebengu, isilinganiso okumele nokuzala umonakalo eziye kokuhlupheka ababhekana nakho.

Kungenzeka impahla kanye ongokomfanekiso. Esimweni sokuqala kubangelwa isijeziso okubi yakhiqizwa ncamashi, kanti eyesibili - ukulingana zobugebengu nokubuyisela esiqhutshwa umbono.

Ukuvela isimiso ukuziphindiselela exhumene ukukhula ngomqondo ongokwemvelo wobulungisa lapho engalawuliwe legazi umbango ayisekho ihambisana izimfuneko zokwahlulela. Ngakho, injongo yayo iwukuhlola ukuvikela lowo okonile namalungu omndeni wakhe wokuzama ngibenza balimale ngokungadingekile ukuze isisulu nomkhaya wakhe.

Ziyisijeziso ngesisekelo ukuziphindiselela ezikhathini komlando

Umsuka umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi isigwebo lobugebengu nokulinganisa umonakalo eziye abhekana, sebevele eminyakeni eminingi edlule e umphakathi lasekuqaleni. Ifomu bakudala lesi simiso liyalondolozwa Kwamanye amasiko namuhla. Ngakho, abakhileyo Guinea, indoda enenkosikazi waboshelwa ukuphinga wayenalo ilungelo ukulala ngomfazi isephulamthetho, futhi Abyssinia umzalwane noma omunye umuntu, eyisihlobo salowo oshonile ngenxa yomunye umuntu ukuwa abanganaki emthini, lingase libe nemibandela efanayo yena bagxume besuka emazwini ukuphakama ku kumuntu osonile unwitting.

talion Umgomo we uHammurabi

Yile nkosi yaseBabiloni, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuhlakanipha kwayo nokubona izinto kusengaphambili, wadala iqoqo imithetho okuzohlolwa ubulungiswa kumele kwenziwe ezweni lakhe futhi endaweni emazweni ayenqotshiwe. Imithetho uHammurabi has 3 uhlobo isijeziso:

• .. Isijeziso kokubusa ejwayelekile ukuziphindiselela, okungukuthi isimiso "iso ngeso";
• umthetho ongokomfanekiso (indodana owabulala uyise anqunywe isandla sakhe, udokotela i akuphumelelanga ukuhlinzwa - umunwe kanye nabanye.);
• babuse phezu kwesibuko (uma nophahla lwendlu uquleke zabulala abanye kubo amalungu omkhaya ohlala nawo, wakhaphela Umakhi Ukufa kwesihlobo).

Kazi umuntu onjani into engasho okungamanga zisongela ukubulala. Ikakhulukazi, isijeziso esinjalo bazitshela, uma begxeka yabekwa isigwebo sokufa.

EJudiya eRoma yasendulo

Isazi semfundiso yenkolo bodumo Filon Aleksandriysky bavikela isimiso retribution olinganiselayo njengoba okuwukuphela kwendlela fair ukuze ajezise icala. Wayengomunye ongqondongqondo okuqala angamaJuda bebheka bonke kungenzeka isinxephezelo for umonakalo.

Umthwalo isimiso ukuziphindiselela umiselwe emithethweni laseRoma lasendulo. Esikhathini esifanayo eJudiya isisulu angakhetha phakathi isicelo umonakalo efanayo isinxephezelo unecala futhi yemali eyayibhalwe eTestamenteni Elidala (cf .. Eks. 21:30). Nokho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ababhali beTalmud sinqume ukuthi talion Iyafaneleka ukulimala siqu kungenziwa waqaphela kuphela isinxephezelo semali. Bona walungisiswa lokhu ngokuthi ubulungisa ukuziphindiselela asikwazi kuthathwe njengoba yiqiniso njengoba iso kungaba emincane noma emikhulu, sekuqhamuke noma ongaboni kahle, nokunye. N.

Ngakho, ekuqaleni kuhlukumeza isimiso kwefrakshini ukuziphindiselela, kanye ebekiwe eTestamenteni Elidala, ubunye umthetho kubo bonke.

iBhayibheli

Ngo isimiso iTestamente Elidala ukuziphindiselela laqanjwa ukumisa uchungechunge lwezigameko zobugebengu ngenxa uDlamini igazi phakathi imindeni, okungase kuhlale iminyaka leminyenti. Kunalokho, wasebenzisa isimiso ukuziphindiselela alinganayo. Futhi lo mthetho senzelwe ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo owahlulelayo, hhayi abantu. Yingakho ososayensi enizibiza hhayi cabangela isimiso kweBhayibheli ubulungisa "iso ngeso" njengoba ucingo sokuziphindiselela, njengoba eTestamenteni Elidala Incwadi ka-Eksodusi (21: 23-21: 27) it is kuphela isijeziso ngokuvumelana ngaleli cala elenzeka.

Kamuva Kristu ambiza ngokuthi 'bamelele esihlathini sokunene, "okwenza revolution izingqondo zabantu. Nokho, isimiso sokuthi ukuziphindiselela alukapheli, kodwa yaguqulwa "umthetho osemqoka kwesimilo" kumagama yasekuqaleni esishoyo ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwenza kwabanye njengoba ungafuni ukwenza kuwe, bese kufakwa ngesimo esenzweni esihle.

Ngo Qur'an,

Ngo Islam, isijeziso phezu isimiso ukuziphindiselela kungenzeka kwezinye izimo ukuba akhokhele wonke umonakalo isihlengo.

Ikakhulu, i-Quran ebekiwe isibuko inkokhelo lababuleweyo (owesifazane - ngowesifazane, inceku - isigqila), kodwa uma umbulali ushwele isihlobo (ngempela Muslim), khona-ke kufanele kube sihlengo izisulu ayakufanelekela. Umthetho wokugcina wenziwa touted njengoba ibe "impumuzo futhi zesihe, 'futhi ngenxa yokwephula yayo uncika Isijeziso ezibuhlungu.

Ukuziphatha zokuthethelela e Sura 5 ubhekwa isenzo, izono wokuhlenga. Nokho, yekelo ke kuphela Kunconywa, kodwa akudingekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo in the Surah esilandelayo, ungathola umqondo wokuthi okubi umvuzo okubi ngokwawo ezinjalo, nokuphindisela ngakho yena kulingana villain.

Ngakho, ngo-Islam, talion is ngikwale njengoba sigcizelele njengoba ubuKristu. Ikakhulukazi izidingo ukusika umehluko ekubhekaneni "yabo" nangokumelene infidels ngokuba icala edingekayo ukuhlangabezana efanayo.

I-Russian kwesokudla

Umqondo ukuziphindiselela kuleli zwe baqhubeka kwaze kwaba yilapho ngekhulu le-18. Ngakho, e- Council Ikhodi 1649 isigwebo isimiso ukuziphindiselela kusho ukuthi kufanele ihambisane lowo okonile ngendlela efanayo njengoba enza. Umthetho lisho ngokucacile ukuthi kubalulekile "ibangela kuye okufanayo." Ngokuba amehlo kunedwala eliyinqaba eliqoshwe ukuphuma Ngaphezu kwalokho, angase izigebengu bahlukunyezwa ngamaholide, njengoba base besebenza eligadulayo olwahlala isonto lonke.

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa Taleon ezigcinwe imithetho uPetru I. Ikakhulukazi, amasosha Ukumaka kusuka 1715 beyalwa ukuba ashise ngensimbi ulimi ashisayo abahlambalazi amanga anqunywe iminwe emibili, nangenxa yokubulala ikhanda.

Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi la mafomu ukuziphindiselela basuke ayisasetshenziswa. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi amafomu more xaka zobugebengu, isijeziso nesibuko isibe engenakwenzeka.

Kusukela umbono zokuziphatha

Kukholakala ukuthi isimiso ukuziphindiselela kuyinkambo kuqala uchungechunge amazinga ngawo abantu cela izitatimende jikelele kakhulu mayelana nendlela kufanele kulawulwa isilinganiso okuhle nokubi. Ngamanye amazwi, it obulandela nesenzakalo izindinganiso zokuziphatha. Nokho, kwavela isimo, okuyinto wathatha phezu imisebenzi wobulungisa yaphenduka Taleon esifuze esidlule wamxabela kusukela uhlu izimiso eziyisisekelo ukulawulwa ngesisekelo zokuziphatha.

Manje uyazi okuqukethwe zokuziphatha isimiso ukuziphindiselela, kanye nencazelo yalo futhi asetshenziswa emasikweni zenkolo namasiko ahlukahlukene.